Ginsenoside Rg3

Overall Health Benefits of Ginsenoside Rg3

• Improves memory and prevents brain disorders [1-18]
• Lowers the risk of heart disease [19-31]
• Lowers blood pressure [26, 32-33]
• Boosts immune function [34-39]
• Helps lose weight [40-42]
• Accelerates wound healing [43-49]
• Prevents cancer [50-79]
• Improves mood [18, 80-81]
• Improves blood sugar levels and treats diabetic symptoms [82-95]

What is Ginsenoside Rg3?

Ginsenoside Rg3 is a natural product from Panax ginseng. This plant compound is highly rich in red ginseng. It is essential for nerve cell and cardiovascular protection. Rg3 is also known to exert potent anti-cancer effects and brain-boosting properties.

How Ginsenoside Rg3 Works?

Chemical Structure of Ginsenoside Rg3

Research on Ginsenoside Rg3

Improves Memory and Prevents Brain Disorders

A convincing number of studies suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 can improve memory and prevent brain disorders through its neuroprotective effects:

1. In mice, oral administration of ginsenoside Rg3 for 4 days significantly reversed memory impairment induced by ethanol. [1]
2. In cultured rat brain cells, ginsenoside Rg3 protected against glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. [2]
3. A cell study reported that pretreatment of brain cells with ginsenoside Rg3 resulted in an increased survival rate via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [3]
4. In an animal model of brain inflammation, ginsenoside Rg3 supplementation at 20 and 30 mg/kg oral doses significantly reduced inflammation by reducing the levels of inflammatory substances such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 mRNA. [4]
5. In rats with cognitive impairment, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment restored learning and memory functions. [5]
6. A cell study also reported that ginsenoside Rg3 prevented brain inflammation by reducing inflammatory stimuli in the majority of brain tissues. [6]
7. A study conducted on animal models of Alzheimer’s disease found that ginsenoside Rg3 can help prevent or slow the development of neurological disorders due to its anti-inflammatory activity in the brain. [7]
8. A cell study found that ginsenoside Rg3 can help prevent Alzheimer’s disease by reducing the levels of abnormal protein structures in the brain. [8]
9. In a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, ginsenoside Rg3 prevented cognitive impairment by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. [9-11]
10. In mice and rats, ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorated scopolamine-induced learning deficits through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and NF-κB signaling in the brain. [12-13]
11. Studies reported that ginsenoside Rg3 exerts its neuroprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress, enhancing neurotransmission, and reducing inflammation. [14-16]
12. In mice, ginsenoside Rg3 (25-200 mg/kg) reversed scopolamine-induced memory impairment and learning deficits. [17]
13. In rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress, ginsenoside Rg3 (20 and 40 mg/kg) produced anti-anxiety effects. [18]

Lowers the Risk of Heart Disease

Studies suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 offers cardioprotective effects:

1. In rats, ginsenoside Rg3 administration protected against heart impairment. [19]
2. In mice with heart injury, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment prevented the development of heart attack. [20]
3. In rats, ginsenoside Rg3 delayed the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). [21]
4. In mice with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (heart attack), ginsenoside Rg3 protected against further heart injury. [22]
5. In rats with insufficient blood flow to the heart, ginsenoside Rg3 improved cardiac function by attenuating programmed cell death (apoptosis) and inflammation. [23-25]
6. In hypertensive rats, ginsenoside Rg3 exerted cardioprotective effects. [26]
7. In rats, ginsenoside Rg3 improved cardiac adaptations to exercise by regulating mitochondria dynamic remodeling and enhancing the quantity and quality of mitochondria. [27]
8. A test tube study found that ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, suggesting that it can help prevent blood clot formation in the heart. [28]
9. In rabbits, ginsenoside Rg3 alleviated antithyroid cancer drug vandetanib-induced QT interval prolongation (abnormal heart rhythm. [29]
10. A study found that ginsenoside Rg3 mitigated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and enhanced its anticancer efficacy. [30]
11. In mice with narrowing of the heart arteries, ginsenoside Rg3 improved cardiac function by restoring the normal heart signals. [31]

Lowers Blood Pressure

Evidence shows that Rg3 has antihypertensive properties:

1. In hypertensive rats, ginsenoside Rg3 lowered the blood pressure by attenuating renin- angiotensin system (RAS) activity. [26]
2. In rats, daily oral administration of ginsenoside Rg3 lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure. [32]
3. A review of several studies showed that ginsenoside Rg3 is beneficial in treating hypertensive patients. [33]

Boosts Immune Function

Studies report that Rg3 also has immune-boosting properties:

1. In an animal study, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment protected the animals from the lethality of the H1N1 virus. [34]
2. In mice, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment stimulated an immune response by boosting the levels of specific immune cells such as immunoglobulin G. [35-36]
3. In mouse B cells, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment increased the levels of immunoglobulin A. [37]
4. A cell study found that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited Th17 differentiation and Th17-mediated neuroinflammation, suggesting that it can help treat Th17-related autoimmune diseases. [38]
5. In mice with liver cancer, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment enhanced cellular immunity which may be due to the stimulation of lymphocytes, Th1-type cytokines interleukin-2, and interferon-γ levels. [39]

Helps Lose Weight

Evidence shows that ginsenoside Rg3 can help promote fat loss:

1. A review of mice studies suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 could potentially reduce body fat percentage. [40]
2. A study in obese mice showed that ginsenoside Rg3 treatment resulted in better metabolism. [41]
3. In mice fed with a high-fat diet, ginsenoside Rg3 treatment for 8 weeks significantly reduced body weight via promotion of white fat burning. [42]

Accelerates Wound Healing

There’s also a good deal of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on wound healing.

1. Studies showed that ginsenoside Rg3 consumption can help improve wound healing through its anti-inflammatory effects. [43-44]
2. Studies also reported that ginsenoside Rg3 can help prevent the formation of raised scars after an injury. [45-47]
3. A study also found that ginsenoside Rg3 can help prevent keloid scar formation by promoting collagen synthesis. [48]
4. In animals with experimental wounds, ginsenoside Rg3 induced repair of tissue damage in the early stage and inhibited scar formation in the late stage of wound healing. [49]

Prevents Cancer

A convincing number of high-quality studies found that ginsenoside Rg3 has anti-cancer effects:

1. A study reported that ginsenoside Rg3 can be used as an anti-tumor medicine. [50]
2. A study showed that ginsenoside Rg3 can help prevent esophageal cancer. [51]
3. In mice-bearing H460 lung cancer cells, 28-day oral treatment with ginsenoside Rg3 at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced tumor growth. [52]
4. In human esophageal cancer cells, ginsenoside Rg3 protected against esophageal cancer by promoting programmed cell death. [53]
5. Numerous studies found that ginsenoside Rg3 can enhance the therapeutic effects of anti-cancer drugs while reducing their side effects. [54-64]
6. In human colorectal cancer cells and gastric cancer cells, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited cancer growth and progression. [65-68]
7. In patients with lung cancer, ginsenoside Rg3 improved overall survival and inhibited the growth and viability of cancer cells. [69-71]
8. In patients and animals with breast cancer, ginsenoside Rg3 delayed tumor growth, induced programmed cell death, and inhibited cancer progression. [72-74]
9. A study reported that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited the growth of malignant cells by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. [75]
10. In mice, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells by increasing the protein ARHGAP9. [76]
11. A cell study found that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited the growth and spread of various thyroid cancer cell lines. [77]
12. Ginsenoside Rg3 has also been found to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cell lines. [78]
13. In a model of ovarian cancer, ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited the spread of cancer cells. [79]

Improves Mood

Studies show that Rg3 also has antidepressant effects:

1. In rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress, ginsenoside Rg3 administration at 20 and 40 mg/kg produced anti-anxiety effects. [18]
2. In a mouse study, ginsenoside Rg3’s benefit on immunoregulation helped in reducing signs of depression. [80]
3. A review of studies showed that ginsenoside Rg3 treatment reduced depressive symptoms in patients with low mood. [81]

Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Diabetic Symptoms

Ginsenoside Rg3 has also been found to improve blood sugar levels and treat symptoms of diabetes via proper usage of the insulin hormone and effective blood sugar transport:

1. In mice, ginsenoside Rg3 suppressed the blood sugar levels from rising by enhancing insulin secretion 30 minutes after administration. [82]
2. A study found that ginsenoside Rg3 enhanced the transport of blood sugar within the cells. [83]
3. In type 2 diabetic mice, ginsenoside Rg3 lowered blood sugar by increasing insulin levels. [84]
4. In diabetic rats, ginsenoside Rg3 protected against lung injury caused by high blood sugar levels. [85]
5. In diabetic rat models, ginsenoside Rg3 protected the kidney against damage due to inflammation. [86]
6. A cell study reported that ginsenoside Rg3 improved insulin signaling and blood sugar uptake. [87]
7. In western diet-fed mice, ginsenoside Rg3 alleviated diabetic complications such as elevated blood sugar, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) levels. [88]
8. In animal models of diabetes, ginsenoside Rg3 protected the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas against cell death. [89-90]
9. In diabetic rats, ginsenoside Rg3 significantly ameliorated kidney dysfunction. [91]
10. In mice fed with a high-fat diet, ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorated obesity-induced insulin resistance. [92]
11. In a mice model with diabetic atherosclerosis (plaque formation within the heart arteries), ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited the migration of the plaques. [93]
12. In mice, ginsenoside Rg3 significantly ameliorated insulin resistance through activation of the AMPK pathway. [94]
13. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, ginsenoside Rg3 improved erectile function. [95]

Associated Side Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3

Ginsenoside Rg3 side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on ginsenoside Rg3. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of ginsenoside Rg3. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with ginsenoside Rg3 even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.
Side effects associated with ginsenoside Rg3 may include the following:

• Decreased appetite
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Rashes

References

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