Flaxseed Powder

Flaxseed is an oily seed from the Flax plant (Linumusitatissimum). The nutritional profile of flaxseed is exceptional. In fact, the seeds from flax have been used for centuries in Egypt and China in the treatment of various medical conditions. The medicinal properties of flaxseed are thought to be related to its nutritional content because it is highly rich in fatty acids (no cholesterol), amino acids, protein, fiber, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, and folate. Flaxseeds are widely sold in health stores in the form of capsules or pills.

Benefits of Flaxseed Powder

Strong scientific studies support the therapeutic and beneficial properties of taking flaxseed. Among its immense health benefits, here are some that are worth mentioning:

Lowers High Cholesterol Levels

The fiber and linoleic acid content in flaxseed can help lower cholesterol concentrations in the blood. One study found that postmenopausal women with high cholesterol levels who included whole flaxseeds in their diet for 6 weeks lowered their cholesterol levels by 7% compared to baseline measurements.^[1] Similarly, another study involving postmenopausal women also demonstrated the cholesterol-lowering ability of flaxseed, this time taken daily for 3 months.^[2]

Improves Blood Sugar Levels

Flaxseed intake may also help lower blood sugar, making it good for persons with type-2 diabetes. A study on Native American postmenopausal women showed that whole flaxseed may help keep blood sugar and insulin levels stable.^[3] Another study on diabetics showed that ground flaxseed supplementation significantly lowered blood sugar levels without any adverse effects.^[4]   

Maintains Healthy Kidneys

Flaxseed supplementation may help improve kidney function as well as treat kidney disorders. In one study assessing the effects of flaxseed supplementation in patients with lupus nephritis (kidney inflammation), a significant improvement in creatinine clearance (kidney’s ability to excrete waste products) and reduction in inflammatory markers were observed in the group who took 30 grams of flaxseed per day.^[5]     

Fights Cancer

Dietary flaxseed has the potential to prevent cancer. In postmenopausal women with confirmed breast cancer who were given 25 grams flaxseed per day, researchers found that the treatment significantly reduced tumor growth by inducing programmed cell death in breast cancer cells.^[6]

 Prevents Heart Disease

Flaxseed has recently gained widespread attention in the prevention of heart disease primarily because of its nutritional content. Studies show that flaxseed is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), phytoestrogen, lignans, and soluble fiber – all of which helps reduce inflammatory markers of heart disease and other major risk factors including high blood pressure, high blood sugar and high cholesterol levels.^[7] In addition, flaxseed supplementation is associated with improved blood circulation to the heart and a lower risk for ischemic heart disease.^[8]

Helps Lose Weight

Taking adequate amounts of flaxseed may help reduce body fat percentage. When researchers administered 600 mg flaxseed complex in older patients with type 2 diabetes, they found a significant reduction in body fat as evidenced by smaller waist circumference.^[9]

References:

1. Arjmandi B. et al. 1998. Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutrition Research; 18 (7) 1203-1214.
2. Lucas E. et al. 2002. Flaxseed Improves Lipid Profile without Altering Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women. Endocrine Care; 87 (4) 1527.
3. Korlagunta K. 2001. The Effects of Flaxseed on the Glucose Profile in Native American Postmenopausal Women (Dissertation).Oklahoma State University.
4. Mani U. et al. 2011. An Open-Label Study on the Effect of Flax Seed Powder (Linumusitatissimum) Supplementation in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Dietary Supplements; 8 (3) 257-265.
5. Clark WF, Parbtani A, Huff MW, et al. Flaxseed: a potential treatment for lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 1995;48(2):475-80.
6. Thompson LU, Chen JM, Li T, Strasser-weippl K, Goss PE. Dietary flaxseed alters tumor biological markers in postmenopausal breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(10):3828-35.
7. Bloedon LT, Szapary PO. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk. Nutr Rev. 2004;62(1):18-27.
8. Bassett CM, Rodriguez-leyva D, Pierce GN. Experimental and clinical research findings on the cardiovascular benefits of consuming flaxseed. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34(5):965-74.
9. E. Barre, K. A. Mizier-Barre, E. Stelmach, et al., “Flaxseed Lignan Complex Administration in Older Human Type 2 Diabetics Manages Central Obesity and Prothrombosis—An Invitation to Further Investigation into Polypharmacy Reduction,” Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 2012, Article ID 585170, 7 pages, 2012.

Eleutherococcus senticosus

Eleutherococcus senticosus, also known as Siberian ginseng, has been used for centuries in China and Russia in treating a broad range of medical conditions. It is classified as adaptogen, which helps protect against physical and psychological stress. Siberian ginseng is available in standardized tinctures, pills and capsules in many health food stores.

Benefits of Eleutherococcus Senticosus

Strong scientific evidence supports the following health benefits of taking Siberian ginseng:

Increased Longevity

Lipid peroxidation, a destructive process in which free radicals steal electrons from the lipids, can damage the DNA and other types of cells in the body. This process negatively affects one’s health and is related to shorter lifespan.^[1] Interestingly, one study conducted in postmenopausal women who received 1500 mg of Siberian ginseng per day found a significant reduction in protein carbonyl content (indicator of longevity) of immune cells and less DNA damage.^[2] Less protein carbonyl means less cellular damage and is associated with longer life expectancy.

Healthy Cholesterol Levels

Ingestion of 1500 mg Siberian ginseng daily for 6 months is associated with a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (bad cholesterol) in postmenopausal women.^[2] In addition, healthy cholesterol levels may help lower one’s risk for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and other fatal illnesses.

Improved Cognition

Siberian ginseng can also help boost cognitive function especially in the elderly. One study conducted in older persons (more than 65 years old) who were given 300 mg Siberian ginseng extract per day for 8 weeks, found a significant improvement in social functioning, quality of life, and some aspects of mental cognition after the treatment.^[3]

Improved Exercise Endurance

Taking Siberian ginseng can help boost athletic performance due to its anti-fatigue properties. When researchers administered 800 mg of Siberian ginseng in trained athletes for 8 weeks, subjects experienced improvements in time to exhaustion, suggesting that the treatment enhanced exercise endurance.^[4]

Healthy Immune System

One study noted that consumption of Siberian ginseng at 25 drops daily increased the production of immune cells such as lymphocytes and T-cells in healthy volunteers.^[5] These cells help combat infection and disease-causing microorganisms.    

Fights Inflammation

Siberian ginseng can be an effective alternative treatment option for inflammatory disorders and allergies. One study found that Siberian ginseng suppressed the production of inflammatory substances in the human nasal tissue.^[6] This clearly suggests that Siberian ginseng has anti-inflammatory properties that can be in par with anti-allergy medications.

Improved Symptoms of Herpes Infection

In a double-blind study involving 93 patients with herpes simplex virus type 2, which can cause genital herpes, researchers found that Siberian ginseng supplementation significantly reduced the number of outbreaks.^[7]

References:

1. Patel BP, Safdar A, Raha S, Tarnopolsky MA, Hamadeh MJ. Caloric Restriction Shortens Lifespan through an Increase in Lipid Peroxidation, Inflammation and Apoptosis in the G93A Mouse, an Animal Model of ALS. Andreu AL, ed. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(2):e9386. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009386.
2. Lee YJ, Chung HY, Kwak HK, Yoon S. The effects of A. senticosus supplementation on serum lipid profiles, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and lymphocyte DNA damage in postmenopausal women. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;375(1):44-8.
3. Cicero AF, Derosa G, Brillante R, Bernardi R, Nascetti S, Gaddi A. Effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim.) on elderly quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl. 2004;(9):69-73.
4. Kuo J, Chen KW, Cheng IS, Tsai PH, Lu YJ, Lee NY. The effect of eight weeks of supplementation with Eleutherococcus senticosus on endurance capacity and metabolism in human. Chin J Physiol. 2010;53(2):105-11.
5. Szołomicki J, Samochowiec L, Wójcicki J, Droździk M, Szołomicki S. The influence of active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus on cellular defence and physical fitness in man. Phytother Res. 2000;14(1):30-5.
6. Nan Zhang, Koen Van Crombruggen, Gabriele Holtappels, and Claus Bachert, “A Herbal Composition of Scutellaria baicalensis and Eleutherococcus senticosus Shows Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects in an Ex Vivo Human Mucosal Tissue Model,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 673145, 9 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/673145.
7. Williams M. Immuno-protection against herpes simplex type II infection by Eleutherococcus root extract. Int J Alt Complement Med. 1995;13:9-12.

Elderberry

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) has been used as a folk remedy in North America, Europe, Africa, and Western Asia. These berries pack a very nutritious punch, including vitamin A, B, B6 and C, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, phosphorous, and dietary fiber. Its healing abilities date back to the time of Hippocrates, the ancient Greek known as the “father of medicine,” where it is used as a natural remedy for a wide array of medical conditions. So whether you choose to eat elderberries raw or take them in the form of lozenges, syrups, tinctures and capsules, this nutrient powerhouse can help benefit every organ system in your body.

Benefits of Elderberry

Strong scientific evidence supports the following health benefits of elderberries:

Fights Colds and Flu

Several studies have demonstrated that elderberry extract is highly effective in treating and preventing flu-like symptoms. For instance, a 2016 study showed that elderberry supplementation can significantly reduce the duration and symptoms of a cold in air travelers.[1] Another study showed that the flavonoids in the elderberry extract bind to deadly flu viruses such as H1N1 human influenza virus and H5N1 avian influenza virus.[2] Researchers found that the group who took four doses of 175-milligram proprietary elderberry extract daily showed significant improvement in most flu symptoms while the group who took placebo showed no improvement.

Improves Digestive Health

A 2010 study published in the BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine suggests that elderberry has a natural laxative effect.[3] Researchers observed that patients with chronic constipation who took elderberry supplements for 5 days experienced a significant improvement in bowel function as evidenced by an increase in bowel movements.

Maintains Healthy Skin

Results from the early phase of an ongoing clinical trial show that post-menopausal women who took elderberry extracts had more moisture in their skin than those who took placebo.[4] Researchers also believe that the treatment can help combat skin inflammation because elderberries possess strong anti-inflammatory properties.

Fights Cancer

Laboratory studies specifically indicate that the elderberry has potent anti-cancer properties.[5-6] According to these studies, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other polyphenolics in elderberry can inhibit the growth and reproduction of various types of cancer cells by lowering the levels of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme marker that promotes cancer formation.

Improves Cholesterol Levels

A 2004 study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that elderberry juice consumption can help lower cholesterol levels.[7] The study included 34 subjects who took elderberry capsules (equivalent to 5 ml elderberry juice) for 2 weeks. After the treatment, researchers found that subjects who took the capsules had lower cholesterol levels compared to those who did not.

Aids in Weight Loss and Lowers Blood Pressure

A 2008 study published in Phytotherapy Research showed that elderberry can significantly reduce weight as well as blood pressure.[8] The study included 80 participants who consumed elderberry juice daily. After the treatment period, researchers observed that the participants had a significant reduction in weight and blood pressure, as well as improvement in physical and emotional well-being and quality of life.

Treats Gingivitis (Gum Inflammation)

Elderberry has been reported to decrease gingivitis. One study reported that combination mouthwash containing elderberry significantly decreased gum inflammation in patients with gingivitis when used three times daily for 14 days.[9]

References:

1. Tiralongo E, Wee SS, Lea RA. Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2016;8(4):182. doi:10.3390/nu8040182.
2. Available from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031942209002386.
3. Picon PD, Picon RV, Costa AF. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2010; 10:17.
4. University of East Anglia. “The Elderberry Way To Perfect Skin.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 6 July 2007. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070703172020.htm>.
5. Bagchi D, Roy S, Patel V. Safety and whole-body antioxidant potential of a novel anthocyanin-rich formulation of edible berries. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2006; 281(1-2):197-209.
6. Thole JM, Kraft TF, Sueiro LA. A comparative evaluation of the anticancer properties of European and American elderberry fruits. Journal of medicinal food. 2006; 9(4):498-504.
7. Murkovic M, Abuja PM, Bergmann AR. Effects of elderberry juice on fasting and postprandial serum lipids and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2004; 58(2):244-9.
8. Chrubasik C, Maier T, Dawid C. An observational study and quantification of the actives in a supplement with Sambucus nigra and Asparagus officinalis used for weight reduction. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2008; 22(7):913-8.
9. Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, Altman J, Saffer A. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142(10):1168–1175.

Dong Quai Root (1% extract)

Dong quai, also known as Chinese angelica or Angelica sinensis, is a popular herb used in Oriental medicine that is usually administered in root, tablet, or liquid form. Touted as the “female ginseng”, Dong quai has been used for centuries in the treatment of various disorders including blood circulation problems and menstrual irregularities. This ancient herb is a nutrient powerhouse jam-packed with over 70 powerful chemical compounds such as phytochemicals and other health-enhancing plant compounds.

Benefits of Dong Quai Root

 Increasing research supports the many health benefits of taking Dong quai supplements. Here are some of the well-known benefits of this powerful herb:

Potential Role in Cancer Treatment

Dong quai extracts have the potential to inhibit the growth and reproduction of cancerous cells by stopping their cell cycle according to a recent study.^[1] Researchers found that Dong quai can potentially kill cancer cells of the brain, breast and colon.

Stroke Treatment

In one study assessing the effects of Dong quai root on the stroke symptoms of 1404 patients, researchers found that the treatment significantly improved neurological function and reduced the size of dead tissue in the brain of patients.^[2] 

Healthy Heart

One study found that Dong quai root exerts cardioprotective effect.^[3] Researchers found that Dong quai supplementation at a dose of 20 mg/ml was able to reverse damage to the blood vessels of the heart, as well as reduce several inflammatory markers that are associated with harmful plaque build-up within the arteries of the heart.

Normal Menstruation

According to a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Dong quai root supplementation can help regulate menstrual cycle and prevent painful menstruation.^[4] When researchers reviewed hundreds of clinical trials assessing the effect of Dong quai root on women’s reproductive health, they found out that the findings were consistent with each other – that most clinical trials concluded that the treatment has beneficial effects on irregular and painful menstruation.

Reduction in Menopausal Symptoms

There is increasing evidence that Dong quai root can safely and effectively reduce symptoms of menopause. For instance, one clinical trial found that 24 weeks of Dong quai root supplementation in postmenopausal women significantly reduced hot flashes compared to placebo supplements.^[5] 

Healthy Liver

A 2015 study published in the Journal of Evidenced-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that the antioxidant properties of Dong quai root can help detoxify the liver by scavenging harmful free radicals and neutralizing its effect.^[6]  

Improved Sleep Quality

A 2007 study assessing the effects of Dong quai root supplementation on postmenopausal women suffering from sleep deprivation and other unpleasant menopausal symptoms found that the treatment was able to promote longer hours of sleep compared to other herbal supplements.^[7]  

References:

1. Chao W-W, Lin B-F. Bioactivities of major constituents isolated from Angelica sinensis (Danggui). Chinese Medicine. 2011;6:29. doi:10.1186/1749-8546-6-29.
2. Liu YM, Zhang JJ, Jiang J. Observation on clinical effect of Angelica injection in treating acute cerebral infarction. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi. 2004;24(3):205–208. In Chinese.
3. Wang BH, Ou-Yang JP, Wei L, Liu YM, Zheng HQ, Tu SZ. Effects of Angel ica and Sodium Ferulate on the Expressions of TGFB1 and bFGF in the Endothelial Cells. Liaoning Zhongyi Zazhi. 2001;28(1):45–47. In Chinese.
4. Hook IL. Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation? A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;152(1):1-13.
5. Hirata JD, Swiersz LM, Zell B, Small R, Ettinger B. Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 1997;68(6):981-6.
6. Guan Y-S, He Q. Plants Consumption and Liver Health. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2015;2015:824185. doi:10.1155/2015/824185.
7. Geller SE, Studee L. Botanical and Dietary Supplements for Menopausal Symptoms: What Works, What Doesn’t. Journal of women’s health (2002). 2005;14(7):634-649. doi:10.1089/jwh.2005.14.634.

Digestive Enzyme Complex Consisting of: Betaine HCl, Papain 2M, Bromelain, Lipase, Cellulase, Trypsin, Amylase

Digestive enzymes are specialized proteins needed to break down food in the digestive tract. The three basic digestive enzymes are amylase (breaks down carbohydrates), protease (breaks down proteins), and lipase (breaks down fats). A healthy level of digestive enzymes is critical for healthy absorption of nutrients from the food you eat.

Digestive-supporting supplements are formulated to mimic the action of natural digestive enzymes. They are usually derived from animals, plants, or fungi. For patients with malabsorption syndrome related to a digestive health condition, some organs may not produce the needed digestive enzymes, making digestive enzyme supplements a necessity. The most widely used digestive enzymes supplements are bromelain, papain, trypsin, lipase, amylase, protease, and lactase.

Benefits of Digestive Enzymes

The benefits of digestive enzymes go beyond improving the process of digestion. Here are some of the proven health benefits of taking digestive enzymes:

Prevents Blood Clots

Blood clots are the main cause of heart diseases and stroke. By impairing the blood flow to vital organs, blood clots can lead to sudden death. Interestingly, a large body of high quality research shows that digestive enzymes, particularly bromelain, can help prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation, thereby improving blood circulation.^[1-2] This in turn can help prevent heart disease, stroke and other fatalities related to blood clots.

Fights Cancer

Large doses of proteolytic enzymes (bromelain, papain and trypsin), along with a healthy diet and “detoxification” procedures, have been used for decades as an alternative therapy in all forms of cancer. In a 2-year clinical trial assessing the survival rate of patients suffering from inoperable stage II-IV pancreatic cancer, researchers found that large doses of orally ingested proteolytic enzymes significantly increased survival rate to the point that it surpassed the life expectancy of these patients.^[3]

Improves Nutrition Absorption

Taking digestive enzymes can help prevent nutritional deficiency. Currently, studies show that the administration of the digestive enzyme lipase is a promising approach in treating patients with fat malabsorption because it is resistant to acids in the digestive system.^[4-6]      

Helps Relieve Pain

There is preliminary clinical evidence that the digestive enzyme bromelain has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that may help reduce the symptoms of osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis. When researchers administered either 200 mg or 400 mg of bromelain in patients with mild acute knee pain for less than 3 months, a significant improvement in overall symptoms and physical function was observed in the high-dose group (400 mg per day).^[7]

Accelerates Wound Healing and Recovery

The prevalence of poor nutrition and other chronic diseases can negatively impact surgical outcome and complications. Several studies show that nutritional supplementation with digestive enzymes in the pre- and postoperative period can help reduce bruising, swelling and inflammation, promote wound healing, and enhance immunity.^[8-9]     

References:

1. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988;22(2):191-203.
2. Felton GE. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypotheses. 1980;6(11):1123-33.
3. Gonzalez NJ, Isaacs LL. Evaluation of pancreatic proteolytic enzyme treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with nutrition and detoxification support. Nutr Cancer. 1999;33(2):117-24.
4. Raimondo M, DiMagno EP. Lipolytic activity of bacterial lipase survives better than that of porcine lipase in human gastric and duodenal content. Gastroenterology1994;107:231–5.
5. Suzuki A, Mizumoto A, Sarr MG, et al. Bacterial lipase and high-fat diets in canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: a new therapy of steatorrhea? Gastroenterology1997;112:2048–55.
6. Suzuki A, Mizumoto A, Rerknimitr R, et al. Effect of bacterial or porcine lipase with low- or high-fat diets on nutrient absorption in pancreatic-insufficient dogs. Gastroenterology1999;116:431–7.
7. Walker AF, Bundy R, Hicks SM, Middleton RW. Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(8):681-6.
8. Rahm D. A guide to perioperative nutrition. Aesthet Surg J. 2004;24(4):385-90.
9. Rahm D. Perioperative nutrition and nutritional supplements. Plast Surg Nurs. 2005;25(1):21-8.

DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands which is known to play more than 150 different metabolic functions! In fact, DHEA is one of the most abundant hormones in the body. Once secreted into the blood stream, your body converts DHEA into several other hormones that’s why it has earned the nickname “parent hormone”.

DHEA Benefits and Supplement Uses

DHEA’s uses and functions go far beyond improving your body composition – it also has a critical role in maintaining the function of vital organs including the heart and boosting the production of essential sex hormones like testosterone. Aside from these important functions, DHEA also helps:

Fight and Lower Inflammation

Inflammation is the root of most illnesses and is tied to just every problem that can compromise your health. According to research, patients with metabolic syndrome – an umbrella term used to describe a combination of risk factors including obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes – tend to have below the normal DHEA levels.^[1-4] In addition, scientists also associate low levels of DHEA with inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and lupus.^[5] In another study, DHEA replacement decreases insulin resistance and lowers inflammatory cytokines in the elderly.^[6]

Improve Muscle Mass and Bone Density

DHEA has anti-aging effects which help combat bone loss and lowers one risk for fractures and osteoporosis. Evidence suggests that high levels of DHEA boost the production of estrogen, resulting in normalization of bone mineral density in elderly men.^[7] DHEA also plays a role in muscle repair after intense training and helps prevent accumulation of dangerous visceral fat in both men and women.^[8] The specific mechanism by which DHEA exerts these effects is by helping cells take up blood sugar for energy in order to support many different bodily functions.

Improve Depression, Mood Swings and Cognitive Function

Evidence suggest that DHEA supplementation lowers rates of major depression and help improve overall emotional stability.^[9] DHEA can also help reverse the age-related decline in cognitive function, thus, improving memory and thinking skills in the elderly.^[10]

Promote Weight Loss and Build Lean Muscle Mass

DHEA helps maintain strong metabolism by improving your body’s natural ability to use energy and burn fats.^[11] It also prevents weight gain associated with old age.

Improve Heart Health and Lower the Risk for Diabetes and Hypertension

DHEA improves blood vessel function and blood circulation by lowering inflammation, supporting a healthy metabolism, improving use of blood sugar, and boosting production of sex hormones.

Improves Sexual Function and Libido

DHEA supplementation can benefit men and women with decreased libido by boosting the levels of sex hormones including testosterone and estrogen.^[12]

References:

1. Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, et al. Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1036–1041.
2. Muller M, Grobbee DE, den Tonkelaar I, et al. Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:2618–2623.
3. Kupelian V, Page ST, Araujo AB, et al. Low SHBG, total testosterone, and symptomatic androgen deficiency are associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in non-obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 January 4; Epub ahead of print.
4. Shabsigh R, Katz M, Yan G, et al. Cardiovascular issues in hypogonadism and testosterone therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:67M–72M.
5. Derksen RH. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1998;27(6):335-47.
6. Weiss EP, Villareal DT, Fontana L, Han D-H, Holloszy JO. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement decreases insulin resistance and lowers inflammatory cytokines in aging humans. Aging (Albany NY). 2011;3(5):533-542.
7. Arlt W, Haas J, Callies F, et al. Biotransformation of oral dehydroepiandrosterone in elderly men: significant increase in circulating estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(6):2170-6.
8. Villareal DT, Holloszy JO. Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292(18):2243-8.
9. Schmidt PJ, Daly RC, Bloch M, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone monotherapy in midlife-onset major and minor depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(2):154-62.
10. Alhaj HA, Massey AE, Mcallister-williams RH. Effects of DHEA administration on episodic memory, cortisol and mood in healthy young men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006;188(4):541-51.
11. Jedrzejuk D, Medras M, Milewicz A, Demissie M. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in healthy men with age-related decline of DHEA-S: effects on fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Aging Male. 2003;6(3):151-6.
12. Reiter WJ, Pycha A, Schatzl G, et al. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in men with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2000;55(5):755-8.

DE111TM (Bacillus subtillis)

Your gut is a home to billions of good and bad bacteria. Among them is Bacillus subtilis, which has more than one hundred species. Experts at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consider Bacillus subtilis as one of the most beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract and have included it on the list of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) food supplements.^[1] They found that this bacteria is a natural part of a healthy digestive system and it can safely survive in the gut for decades.

Benefits of Bacillus subtillis

DE111TM, a classic Bacillus subtilis strain, crowds out other harmful bacteria in the gut and is clinically proven to regulate the delicate balance between good and bad bacteria in the digestive tract. The following are some of the outstanding health benefits of Bacillus subtilis:

Promotes Healthier Digestion

In laboratory experiments, Bacillus subtilis increases the production of other beneficial bacteria in the gut including Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus acidophilus. ^[2] This can help promote better digestion and absorption of nutrients when taken in adequate amounts.  

Treats Mild Gastrointestinal Disorders

Spore probiotics, particularly Bacillus subtilis, are usually taken as an over-the-counter supplement for the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea,^[3-4] constipation^[5] and other adverse effects related to the use of antibiotic.

Protects Against Cellular Damage

Cellular damage, particularly DNA damage, is associated with faster aging and onset of various illnesses. Interestingly, Bacillus subtilis has DNA protective and antioxidant properties which help protect intestinal cells against free radical-induced damage and loss of barrier function.^[6]

Fights Infection

Research suggests that Bacillus subtilis has antimicrobial properties. In one study, researchers found that Bacillus subtilis inhibited the growth of different microorganisms including Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Proteus species in wound swabs of diabetic foot ulcer patients.^[7] Similarly, other studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis supplementation decreased the frequency of respiratory infections in elderly subjects^[8] and inhibited disease transmission in patients with urinary tract infections.^[9]

Detoxifies the Body

One study found that in patients with liver cirrhosis, Bacillus subtilis supplementation was able to shift the intestinal environment back towards levels observed in healthy subjects.^[10] This effect was also accompanied by a significant reduction in the circulating levels of endotoxin (bacterial toxin), suggesting that the treatment can help cleanse the body.

Combats Cancer

Bacillus subtilis supplementation can be beneficial in various types of cancers such as liver cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia. A large body of evidence suggests that Bacillus subtilis supplementation can help kill cancer cells and prevent its progression by inhibiting cancer cell growth and inducing programmed cell death among malignant cells.^[11-15]

References:

1. Sampo Lahtinen; Arthur C. Ouwehand; Seppo Salminen; Atte von Wright (13 December 2011). Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition. CRC Press. pp. 424–. ISBN 978-1-4398-3678-1.
2. Hosoi T, Ametani A, Kiuchi K, Kaminogawa S. Improved growth and viability of lactobacilli in the presence of Bacillus subtilis (natto), catalase, or subtilisin. Can J Microbiol. 2000;46(10):892-7.
3. Mazza P. The use of Bacillus subtilis as an antidiarrhoeal microorganism. Boll Chim Farm. 1994;133:3–18.
4. Hickson M. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infection. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 2011;4(3):185-197. doi:10.1177/1756283X11399115.
5. Liu YP, Liu X, Dong L. [Lactulose plus live binary Bacillus subtilis in the treatment of elders with functional constipation]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012;92(42):2961-4.
6. Williams P. Bacillus subtilis: a shocking message from a probiotic. Cell Host Microbe. 2007;1(4):248-9.
7. Joseph B, Dhas B, Hena V, Raj J. Bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis as a novel drug against diabetic foot ulcer bacterial pathogens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2013;3(12):942-946. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60183-5.
8. Lefevre M, Racedo SM, Ripert G, et al. Probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis CU1 stimulates immune system of elderly during common infectious disease period: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Immunity & Ageing : I & A. 2015;12:24. doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0051-y.
9. Pushkarev AM, Tuĭgunova VG, Zaĭnullin RR, Kuznetsova TN, Gabidullin IuZ. [Use of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis bacteria for treatment of nosocomial urinary tract infections]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2007;(2):90-3.
10. Tompkins TA, Xu X, Ahmarani J. A comprehensive review of post-market clinical studies performed in adults with an Asian probiotic formulation. Benef Microbes. 2010;1(1):93-106.
11. Cheng W, Feng YQ, Ren J, Jing D, Wang C. Anti-tumor role of Bacillus subtilis fmbJ-derived fengycin on human colon cancer HT29 cell line. Neoplasma. 2016;63(2):215-22.
12. Kim SY, Kim JY, Kim SH, et al. Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis displays anti-proliferative effect via apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest and survival signaling suppression. FEBS Lett. 2007;581(5):865-71.
13. Abdel-fattah AM, Gamal-eldeen AM, Helmy WA, Esawy MA. Antitumor and antioxidant activities of levan and its derivative from the isolate Bacillus subtilis NRC1aza. Carbohydr Polym. 2012;89(2):314-22.
14. El-sersy NA, Abdelwahab AE, Abouelkhiir SS, Abou-zeid DM, Sabry SA. Antibacterial and anticancer activity of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) produced by a marine Bacillus subtilis sp. J Basic Microbiol. 2012;52(5):513-22.
15. Wang CL, Ng TB, Yuan F, Liu ZK, Liu F. Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells by cyclic lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis natto T-2. Peptides. 2007;28(7):1344-50.

Dandelion

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a herb known for its medicinal properties. It is also known by some other names like Snowball, dudal, Cochet, Cankerwort, Swine Snout, Lion’s tooth, pissenlit etc. Various species of dandelion are found in temperate regions of Asia, Europe and North America. This perennial herb have shiny, spatula like leaves, which transport rain water to roots. Dandelion is mostly known as a backyard weed, but it is actually jam-packed with beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, fiber, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.

Benefits of Dandelion

This backyard superfood boasts a wide array of proven health benefits, including:

Cancer Prevention

A 2011 study published in the Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that dandelion has anti-cancer properties.[1] According to the study, dandelion root extract was able to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human skin cancer cells without harming noncancerous cells. This cancer-fighting ability of dandelion is much safer than chemotherapeutic drugs because chemo drugs kill all rapidly dividing cells including normal cells.

Body Detoxification

One pilot study investigated the effects of high-quality fresh leaf dandelion extract on urinary frequency.[2] After 5 hours of ingestion, there was an increase in the frequency of urination observed among volunteers. There was also a significant increase in the excretion ratio after the second dose of dandelion extract. By increasing the frequency and volume of urination, dandelion can also help increase the excretion of certain toxic substances from the body.

Stronger Skeletal Frame

Aside from calcium, dandelion is also jam-packed with vitamin K, which is beneficial in bone health. There is increasing evidence that vitamin K can help maintain strong skeletal frame and reduce the risk of bone fractures and osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women who are at risk for decreased bone mineral density.[3]

Protection Against Infection

Urinary tract infection is commonly experienced by women of all ages. Interestingly, a 2006 study published in the Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety suggests that dandelion root can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of urinary tract infections in women.[4]

Anti-Inflammatory

Scientific studies report anti-inflammatory activities of dandelion.[5] For instance, a 2016 study published in Oncotarget found that dandelion was able to suppress inflammation in human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) by reducing cyclooxygenase (COX) production, suggesting that this extract has potent anti-inflammatory property.[6]

Weight Loss and Improved Cholesterol Profile

Strong scientific studies suggest that bitter herbs such as dandelion root, whether taken as liquids or teas, can help lose weight.[7-10] According to these studies, dandelion root stimulates gastric sections and promotes fat and cholesterol breakdown, resulting in better body composition and lower cholesterol levels.

Improved Blood Sugar Levels

Taking dandelion leaves and roots can be beneficial in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to a study published in Nutrition and Food Science.[11] Researchers observed that diabetics who took dandelion leaf and root extracts had lower blood sugar levels compared to baseline. This blood sugar-lowering effect of dandelion can help stabilize the sudden spikes in blood sugar levels among diabetics.

References:

1. Chatterjee SJ, Ovadje P, Mousa M, Hamm C, Pandey S. The Efficacy of Dandelion Root Extract in Inducing Apoptosis in Drug-Resistant Human Melanoma Cells. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2011;2011:129045. doi:10.1155/2011/129045.
2. Clare BA, Conroy RS, Spelman K. The Diuretic Effect in Human Subjects of an Extract of Taraxacum officinale Folium over a Single Day. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2009;15(8):929-934. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0152.
3. Adams J, Pepping J. Vitamin K in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and arterial calcification. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2005; 62(15):1574-81.
4. Zaffani S, Cuzzolin L, Benoni G. Herbal products: behaviors and beliefs among Italian women. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. 2006; 15(5):354-9.
5. Yarnell E, Abascal K. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale and T mongolicum) Integrative Medicine. 2009.
6. Ovadje P, Ammar S, Guerrero J-A, Arnason JT, Pandey S. Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways. Oncotarget. 2016;7(45):73080-73100. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11485.
7. Koithan M, Niemeyer K. Using Herbal Remedies to Maintain Optimal Weight. The journal for nurse practitioners : JNP. 2010;6(2):153-154. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2009.12.005.
8. Nahin RL, Barnes PM, Stussman BA, Bloom B. Costs of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and frequency of visits to CAM practitioners: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Rep. 2009;18:1–15.
9. Hoffmann D. Medical herbalism. Healing Arts Press; Rochester, VT: 2003. pp. 483–521.
10. Ganora L. Herbal constituent. Herbalchem Press; Louisville, CO: 2009. p. 65.p. 102.
11. Ishawu Iddrisu, Ibok Oduro, Marina Aferiba Tandoh, Reginald Adjetey Annan, (2015) “Anti-diabetic effect of dandelion leaves and roots in type two diabetic patients: A systematic review”, Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 45 Issue: 3, pp.479-492, https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-01-2015-0001.

Cranberry (Extract)

Cranberries, the red fruit of the cranberry shrub, have many beneficial properties. Used in many foods, juices, and herbal products, cranberries have been used historically to help treat a variety of ailments, including urinary disorders, diarrhea, stomach problems, liver problems, and even wounds. Cranberries are loaded with vitamin C, dietary fiber, manganese, and many other micronutrients. More importantly, they contain very high levels of antioxidants, with an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) score of 9,584 units per 100 g. This ranks them very near the top of the list of commonly consumed high-ORAC foods.^[1]

Benefits of Cranberries

A large body of strong scientific evidence supports the medicinal properties of cranberries. Adding cranberries to your diet and taking it as supplements can give you the following amazing health benefits:

Fights Cancer

In addition to their antioxidant content, cranberries also contain phytochemicals, which are known to possess anti-cancer properties.^[2-3] One test tube study revealed that   cranberry phytochemical extracts suppressed the growth and reproduction of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death.^[4]

Fights Infection

Cranberries have long been used to treat urinary tract infections, and now there is emerging scientific information to support its efficacy in alleviating UTIs. Laboratory experiments revealed that components of cranberries might help prevent bacteria from attaching themselves to the cellular walls of the bladder and urethra.^[5] It is thought that the chemicals responsible for this effect are A-type proanthocyanidin and condensed tannins, also known as proanthocyanidins. If infection-causing bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are unable to attach themselves, they are unable to multiply and cause these painful problems. Dietary supplementation with cranberry can help reduce the chances of developing a urinary tract infection through this mechanism.

Improves Cholesterol Levels

Consuming cranberries can have a positive impact on cholesterol levels. According to a study published in the Journal of Diabetic Medicine, patients with type 2 diabetes who consumed cranberries for 12 weeks experienced a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (bad cholesterol) compared to those who took placebo.^[6] This finding is highly significant since slight reductions in bad cholesterol levels can dramatically lower one’s risk for heart disease, diabetes, stroke, metabolic syndrome and other fatal diseases.

Improves Dental Health

The same proanthocyanidins in cranberries that help fight infection may also benefit your gums and teeth by preventing bacterial overgrowth. According to a study published in the Canadian Dental Association, proanthocyanidins interfere with various activities of bacteria in the mouth, thereby inhibiting their growth and reproduction.^[7] This in turn can help prevent tooth decay and gum diseases.

Lowers High Blood Sugar Levels

Cranberry consumption can help lower high blood sugar levels, making it beneficial for people with diabetes. According to a study published in the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, cranberry juice supplementation (1 cup daily for 12 weeks) in 58 patients with type 2 diabetes resulted in significant reduction in blood sugar levels.^[8]  

References:

1. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity of Selected Foods – 2007; Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, November 2007.
2. Seifried HE, Anderson DE, Fisher EI, Milner JA (September 2007). “A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species”. J Nutr Biochem. 18 (9): 567–79. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.10.007. PMID 17360173.
3. Flavonoid composition over fruit development and maturation in American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Irina O. Vvedenskaya and Nicholi Vorsa, Plant Science, Volume 167, Issue 5, November 2004, Pages 1043-1054, doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.06.001.
4. Sun J, Hai liu R. Cranberry phytochemical extracts induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2006;241(1):124-34.
5. “Cranberry juice creates energy barrier that keeps bacteria away from cells, study shows”. Eurekalert.org. 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
6. Lee IT, Chan YC, Lin CW, Lee WJ, Sheu WH. Effect of cranberry extracts on lipid profiles in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2008;25(12):1473-7.
7. Bonifait L, Grenier D. Cranberry polyphenols: potential benefits for dental caries and periodontal disease. J Can Dent Assoc. 2010;76:a130.
8. Shidfar F, Heydari I, Hajimiresmaiel SJ, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Amiri F. The effects of cranberry juice on serum glucose, apoB, apoA-I, Lp(a), and Paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetic male patients. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2012;17(4):355-360.

Copper (amino acid chelate)

Copper is a trace mineral required by the human body to function efficiently. While very little copper is needed by your body, this mineral plays a major role in various biological processes including collagen formation, iron absorption, energy production, and regulation of different enzymatic reactions. Copper is the third most abundant mineral in the body with highest concentrations in the heart, liver, brain, kidneys and skeletal muscle. However, it cannot be produced within the body and hence needs to be obtained from dietary sources and supplements.

Benefits of Copper

Copper deficiency can increase your risk for compromised growth, impaired neurological function and other serious health conditions. Tons of high quality research suggests that loading up on copper has a wide array of health benefits:

Prevents Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

The development of AD is thought to be driven by the production and deposition of sticky plaques in the brain known as beta amyloid.^[1] Interestingly, researchers found that copper has the ability to inhibit beta amyloid accumulation in animal models of AD.^[2] In another study, copper levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with AD compared with healthy individuals, suggesting that adequate levels of copper may help lower risk for AD.^[3]    

Improves Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A large body of research suggests that copper has anti-inflammatory abilities that help to relieve pain, swelling, and muscle stiffness associated with RA.^[4-5]  

Prevents Ulcer

Long-term use of non-steroidal acidic anti-inflammatory drugs is known to cause ulceration. In one study, researchers found that the damage caused by anti-inflammatory drugs such as clopirac, niflumic acid and aspirin was virtually abolished when they were given as copper complexes (copper bound to various types of molecules) in patients with gastrointestinal damage.^[6]  

Maintains a Healthy Nervous System

Copper helps protect the outer layer of nerves known as myelin sheath. Additionally, copper enhances the transmission of signals from one nerve to another.^[7]

Prevents Anemia

Copper deficiency is associated with high prevalence of anemia – a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs). One study proved that copper supplementation in anemic patients was able to bring RBCs within normal levels as evidenced by an increase in hemoglobin count.^[8]  

Maintains a Healthy Skeletal Structure

Copper deficiency increases the risk for brittle bones, osteoporosis, reduced strength, and fractures especially in postmenopausal women.^[9] Studies have shown that older women who took copper in combination with zinc, manganese, and calcium supplements experienced significant reductions in bone loss.^[10]

Boosts Immune Function

In patients with copper deficiency who had extensive bowel surgery, copper supplementation resulted in increased white blood cell (WBC) count.^[11]

Lowers Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases

Compelling evidence suggests that dietary copper deficiency is linked with a variety of heart diseases. This is because copper deficiency can lead to a wide array of serious medical conditions including hypertension, systemic inflammation, impaired blood clotting, and narrowing of the arteries – all of which are major risk factors for heart disease.^[12]    

References:

1. Murphy MP, LeVine H. Alzheimer’s Disease and the β-Amyloid Peptide. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD. 2010;19(1):311. doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-1221.
2. Cherny RA, Atwood CS, Xilinas ME, et al. Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits beta-amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice. Neuron. 2001;30(3):665-76.
3. Vural H, Demirin H, Kara Y, Eren I, Delibas N. Alterations of plasma magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and selenium concentrations and some related erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2010;24(3):169-73.
4. Berthon G. Is copper pro- or anti-inflammatory? A reconciling view and a novel approach for the use of copper in the control of inflammation. Agents Actions. 1993;39(3-4):210-7.
5. Roberts NA, Robinson PA. Copper chelates of anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory agents: their superoxide dismutase-like activity and stability. Br J Rheumatol. 1985;24(2):128-36.
6. Boyle E, Freeman PC, Goudie AC, Mangan FR, Thomson M. The role of copper in preventing gastrointestinal damage by acidic anti-inflammatory drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1976;28(12):865-8.
7. Stephen Cunnane; Kathlyn Stewart (30 July 2010). Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-470-60987-3.
8. Lewis MS. Iron and copper in the treatment of anemia in children. JAMA. 1931;96(14):1135-1138.
9. Mutlu M, Argun M, Kilic E, Saraymen R, Yazar S. Magnesium, zinc and copper status in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal post-menopausal women. J Int Med Res. 2007;35(5):692-5.
10. Razmandeh R, Nasli-Esfahani E, Heydarpour R, et al. Association of Zinc, Copper and Magnesium with bone mineral density in Iranian postmenopausal women – a case control study. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. 2014;13:43. doi:10.1186/2251-6581-13-43.
11. Anemia and Neutropenia Caused by Copper Deficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine. 80(4):470.
12. Saari JT. Copper deficiency and cardiovascular disease: role of peroxidation, glycation, and nitration. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000;78(10):848-55.

Citrus Bioflavonoids 50% Complex

Bioflavonoids are naturally occurring compounds that are largely responsible for colors of many fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources such as herbs. Bioflavonoids were first discovered in 1936 by Albert Szent-Gyorgi, who originally named it as “vitamin P.” Since then, thousands of flavonoids have been characterized and classified. Citrus bioflavonoids are those found in citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, and grapefruit. Compounds commonly included in citrus bioflavonoid supplements include quercitin, naringin, rutin and hesperidin. These substances are potent antioxidants, which help neutralize damaging free radicals and fight signs of aging.

Benefits of Citrus Bioflavonoids

The following are among the many health benefits of citrus bioflavonoids:

Maintains a Healthy Heart

Population studies have shown that higher bioflavonoids intake is associated with lower risk of dying from heart disease and has been shown to beneficially impact parameters associated with atherosclerosis (plaque build-up inside the arteries), which is the most common cause of heart diseases^.[1]

Improves Cholesterol Levels

Orange juice – a rich source of citrus bioflavonoids such as hesperidin – helps lower high cholesterol levels. In one study, consumption of 750 ml orange juice daily increased high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol) concentrations by 21% and decreased low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) in 25 healthy participants.^[2] In another study, daily treatment with citrus bioflavonoids significantly reduced total cholesterol (20%-30%) and triglycerides (24%-34%) in patients with elevated cholesterol levels.^[3]

Lowers High Blood Pressure

Citrus bioflavonoids possess anti-hypertensive effect. In one study, daily doses of 582.5 mg hesperidin, 125 mg narirutin, and 34 mg didymin over a 12-week period enhanced the antioxidant defense system, protected against DNA damage, and reduced the blood pressure of overweight and obese adults.^[4] Research suggests that the therapeutic effects of bioflavonoids on high blood pressure have been attributed to competitive inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE).^[1] This mechanism is similar to how anti-hypertensive drugs such as PDE inhibitors work.

Helps Reduce Weight

Obesity is a major public health concern because it increases one’s risk for a wide array of serious health conditions. The good news is that loading up on citrus bioflavonoids may actually prevent obesity. In fact, one study suggests that the combination of the bioflavonoids naringin and hesperidin with bitter orange helps reduce body fat.^[5] In another study, drinking orange juice alone significantly reduced the weight of overweight and obese nonsmoking adults.^[4]     

Helps Normalize Blood Sugar Levels

Citrus bioflavonoids and other antioxidants are among the numerous adjunct therapies for diabetes which are currently being tested.^[6] In one study assessing the effects of Daflon 500, which is made up of the bioflavonoids diosmin (90%) and hesperidin (10%), in 28 patients with Type 1 diabetes, a significant decrease in HbA1c (a measure of blood sugar) were observed after the treatment without any adverse side effects.^[7]

Helps Reduce Inflammation

One study revealed that oral hesperidin administration (500 mg once daily for 3 weeks) was able to improve blood circulation and reduce concentrations of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome.^[8]

References:

1. Peluso MR. Flavonoids attenuate cardiovascular disease, inhibit phosphodiesterase, and modulate lipid homeostasis in adipose tissue and liver. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006;231(8):1287-99.
2. Kurowska EM, Spence JD, Jordan J, et al. HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(5):1095-100.
3. Roza JM, Xian-liu Z, Guthrie N. Effect of citrus flavonoids and tocotrienols on serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007;13(6):44-8.
4. Rangel-huerta OD, Aguilera CM, Martin MV, et al. Normal or High Polyphenol Concentration in Orange Juice Affects Antioxidant Activity, Blood Pressure, and Body Weight in Obese or Overweight Adults. J Nutr. 2015;145(8):1808-16.
5. Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Keith SC, Keith PL, Miller H, Kaats GR. Effects of p-synephrine alone and in combination with selected bioflavonoids on resting metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate and self-reported mood changes. Int J Med Sci. 2011;8(4):295-301.
6. Ayodeji Babatunde Oyenihi, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, Emmanuel Mukwevho, and Bubuya Masola, “Antioxidant Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, Article ID 515042, 15 pages, 2015.
7. Manuel y keenoy B, Vertommen J, De leeuw I. The effect of flavonoid treatment on the glycation and antioxidant status in Type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 1999;12(4):256-63.
8. Rizza S, Muniyappa R, Iantorno M, et al. Citrus polyphenol hesperidin stimulates production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells while improving endothelial function and reducing inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(5):E782-92.

Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamomum cassia)

Cinnamon is a delicious spice obtained from the bark of the evergreen trees of the cinnamomum genus.  This spice has been used in both sweet and savory culinary dishes for thousands of years and is especially popular in Middle Eastern cuisine. And although here in the US its best known as a powder sprinkled on our lattes and donuts, the spice has been known for thousands of years as a potent cure for many ailments. This ancient medicinal bark is available as pills and can be bought from many health food stores.

Benefits of Cinnamon Bark

According to several high quality studies, cinnamon bark can give you the following amazing health benefits:

Improves Blood Sugar and Cholesterol Levels

Cinnamon is a beneficial herb for people who are at risk for diabetes and those already diagnosed with full-blown diabetes. Cinnamon has the ability to reduce blood sugar, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. In one study, participants with type 2 diabetes who consumed cinnamon for a period of 40 days reduced their blood sugar by 18-29%, triglyceride by 23-30%, LDL cholesterol by 7-27%, and total cholesterol by 12-26%.[1] By improving blood sugar and cholesterol levels, cinnamon supplementation can also help lower one’s risk for heart disease, stroke and other deadly diseases.

Fights Various Infections

Cinnamon can help fight several antibiotic-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus and E. coli. Staphylococcus bacteria are the primary causative agent of pneumonia, acne, septicaemia, osteomyelitis, scalded skin syndrome, and boils. E. coli causes stomach ulcers, UTIs, pneumonia, traveler’s diarrhea, cholangitis (infection of bile ducts), bacteremia (presence of bacteria in the blood), and neonatal meningitis. Interestingly, a 2008 French study found that cinnamon exhibits the most potent anti-microbial activities compared to other oil extracts like thyme and eucalyptus.[2]

Improves Exercise Recovery

A 2013 study published in the International Journal of Preventive Medicine found that female athletes who received 3 grams of cinnamon powder per day for 6 weeks experienced a significant reduction in exercise-induced muscle soreness compared to those who took placebo.[3] Another study also found that cinnamon has potent anti-inflammatory properties that can be beneficial in exercise recovery and other inflammatory conditions.[4]

Prevents Cognitive Decline

Research also shows that the antioxidant properties of cinnamon can help defend the brain against Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, as well as other neurological disorders. According to a 2014 study published in the Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, the vital oils and other derivatives of cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate, can help prevent cognitive impairment and other neurological abnormalities by reducing the build-up of abnormal protein structures in the brain known as tau proteins.[5]

Fights Cancer

Studies have revealed that the anti-cancer properties of cinnamon come from a compound called cinnamaldehyde, which has the ability to inhibit cancer tumor growth, protect DNA from damage, and induce programmed cell death of malignant cells.[5-6]

Prevents Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Results from two high quality studies have shown that cinnamon extracts rich in certain flavonoid compounds were shown to block human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) entry and infection in cell samples, indicating that cinnamon could provide a starting point for the development of possible safe and reliable treatment for HIV-1-positive individuals.[7-8]

Accelerates Wound Healing

Infectious colonies of bacteria called biofilms can develop on chronic wounds, leading to serious health problems. Research published in the Journal of American Chemical Society found that antimicrobial compounds from cinnamon can both kill biofilms and actively promote wound healing.[9]

References:

1. Khan A, et. al., Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Dec;12(26):3215-8.
2. Mayaud L., et. al., Comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 essential oils against strains with varying sensitivity to antibiotics. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008 Sep; 47(3):167-73.
3. Mashhadi NS, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, et al. Influence of Ginger and Cinnamon Intake on Inflammation and Muscle Soreness Endued by Exercise in Iranian Female Athletes. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;4(Suppl 1):S11-S15.
4. Gunawardena D, Karunaweera N, Lee S. Anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum and C. cassia) extracts – identification of E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde as the most potent bioactive compounds. Food & function. 2015; 6(3):910-9.
5. Rao PV, Gan SH. Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2014;2014:642942. doi:10.1155/2014/642942.
6. Ka H, Park HJ, Jung HJ. Cinnamaldehyde induces apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Cancer letters. 2003; 196(2):143-52.
7. Filho JR, de Sousa Falcão H, Batista LM, Filho JM, Piuvezam MR. Effects of plant extracts on HIV-1 protease. Current HIV research. 2010; 8(7):531-44.
8. Fink RC, Roschek B, Alberte RS. HIV type-1 entry inhibitors with a new mode of action. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2009;19(6):243-55.
9. American Chemical Society. “Peppermint oil and cinnamon could help treat and heal chronic wounds.” Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 9 Jul. 2015. Web.

Chromium (picolinate / polynicotinate)

Chromium is a trace mineral that is essential for the proper metabolism of blood sugar, as well as synthesizing cholesterol, proteins, and fats.

Chromium supplements are commonly available in five different forms.

Chromium picolinate – a combination of chromium and picolinic acid and is the most used form of chromium.

Chromium polynicotinate – chromium that has been bonded to niacin.

Chromium chloride – the most difficult for the body to absorb due to its inorganic form.

High-chromium yeast – created when inorganic chromium is added to it during fermentation.

Chromium citrate – produced by the reaction of citric acid and chromium salt.

Benefits of Chromium

Chromium has immense benefits that can help improve overall health:

Helps Normalize Blood Sugar and Prevent Diabetes

Chromium can help bring down blood sugar levels within normal limits by enhancing the role of insulin. One study revealed that daily chromium supplementation over a four-month period in diabetics who continue to take normal medications and adhere to their normal eating habits significantly decreased insulin values and cholesterol levels compared to placebo.^[1]

Lowers High Cholesterol

Since chromium is required for fat metabolism, research suggests that it can also help lower high cholesterol levels. When researchers tested the effects of chromium picolinate at a daily dose of 200 micrograms in 28 volunteers over a 42-day period, the participants experienced lowered levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) compared to those who took placebo supplements.^[2] 

Prevents Overeating and Helps Lose Weight

Higher chromium intake is associated with a reduction in body fat percentage. One study conducted by the Biomedical Research Center at the Louisiana State University in 42 overweight women found that chromium picolinate supplementation at a dose of 1000 mg for 8 weeks resulted in fewer fat cravings, reduced hunger levels, and decreased body weight.^[3]

Boosts Brain Power and Fights Cognitive Decline

Adequate chromium level is linked to a healthier hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that regulates body temperature, thirst, appetite, sleep and emotional activity. Research suggests that chromium can help keep the hypothalamus in a more youthful state and prevent the age-related decline in cognitive function.^[4]

Improves Mood and Treats Depression Related to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Women with PMS may experience a wide array of psychological symptoms including irritability, mood changes, depression and low energy levels. Interestingly, administration of chromium picolinate in women with PMS at dosages ranging from 200 to 500 micrograms reduced symptoms of depression including food cravings, fatigue and muscle aches.^[5]

Prevents Osteoporosis and Lowers the Risk of Fractures

A recent study found that chromium picolinate was able to reduce urinary excretion of calcium in postmenopausal women, presumably indicative of a reduced rate of bone breakdown.^[6] Aside from this positive effect, it was also found that chromium picolinate increases the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, a hormone that helps preserve bone density.

References:

1. Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, et al. Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1997;46(11):1786-91.
2. Press RI, Geller J, Evans GW. The effect of chromium picolinate on serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein fractions in human subjects. Western Journal of Medicine. 1990;152(1):41-45.
3. Anton SD, Morrison CD, Cefalu WT, et al. Effects of chromium picolinate on food intake and satiety. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008;10(5):405-12.
4. Mccarty MF. Longevity effect of chromium picolinate–‘rejuvenation’ of hypothalamic function?. Med Hypotheses. 1994;43(4):253-65.
5. Brownley KA, Girdler SS, Stout AL, Mcleod MN. Chromium supplementation for menstrual cycle-related mood symptoms. J Diet Suppl. 2013;10(4):345-56.
6. Mccarty MF. Anabolic effects of insulin on bone suggest a role for chromium picolinate in preservation of bone density. Med Hypotheses. 1995;45(3):241-6.

Choline Bitartrate

Choline bitartrate is a form of the nutrient choline, which is one of the B-complex vitamins naturally produced in the liver. Choline is present in various food groups including liver meat, muscle meat, wheat germ, fish, beans, nuts, spinach, peas, and eggs. Choline bitartrate is the combination of choline and a salt of tartaric acid. It has better absorption rate and is more potent than pure choline.

Benefits of Choline Bitartrate

Adding choline bitartrate to your supplement regimen can provide a broad range of health benefits:

Boosts Cognitive Function

Studies suggest that choline supplementation can help prevent cognitive decline especially in the elderly. One study found that patients with early Alzheimer-type dementia who took choline bitartrate at varying doses for 2 weeks performed better in a series of cognitive tests including auditory and visual word recognition.^[1]

Helps Lose Weight

Choline bitartrate can help you lose a significant amount of weight. According to a 2014 study conducted on 22 professional female martial arts athletes, subjects who took choline tablets for a week lost an average of 10% of their body fat without any side effects.^[2]

Detoxifies the Liver and Prevents Liver Disease

Your liver uses choline for transporting very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDLs). This process enables fats and cholesterol to move within the bloodstream. Studies suggest that people with low choline diets are at higher risk for fatty liver and liver damage.^[3]

Maintains a Healthy Pregnancy

Adequate intake of dietary choline or supplements is important for optimal fetal outcomes. Studies show that choline is crucial for proper development of the brain and spinal cord.^[4]

Helps Stabilize Mood

According to a large population-based study, low levels of choline were significantly associated with high anxiety levels.^[5] This clearly suggests that choline supplementation can help treat mood disorders and improve one’s quality of life. Interestingly, one study found that patients with bipolar disorder who were given choline bitartrate experienced a marked reduction in all mood symptoms during the treatment.^[6]   

Fights Inflammation

Elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with chronic inflammation, which in turn leads to a wide array of life-threatening conditions including stroke, heart disease, diabetes and autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, one study revealed that choline bitartrate supplementation in postmenopausal women decreased the circulating levels of homocysteine in the blood, indicating a lower risk for wide array of diseases.^[7]    

Prevents Cancer

Loading up on choline can help lower your risk for various types of cancer. In fact, one study found that people with lower choline intake are at higher risk for liver cancer.^[8] This is because choline deficiency is associated with abnormalities in protein kinase C-mediated signalling pathway. Additionally, abnormalities in this signalling pathway are linked with progression of cancer.^[9]    

References:

1. Fovall P, Dysken MW, Lazarus LW, et al. Choline bitartrate treatment of Alzheimer-type dementias. Commun Psychopharmacol. 1980;4(2):141-5.
2. Elsawy G, Abdelrahman O, Hamza A. Effect of Choline Supplementation on Rapid Weight Loss and Biochemical Variables Among Female Taekwondo and Judo Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2014;40:77-82.
3. Corbin KD, Zeisel SH. Choline Metabolism Provides Novel Insights into Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and its Progression. Current opinion in gastroenterology. 2012;28(2):159-165.
4. Zeisel SH. Choline: Critical Role During Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults. Annual review of nutrition. 2006;26:229-250.
5. Bjelland I, Tell GS, Vollset SE, Konstantinova S, Ueland PM. Choline in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(4):1056-60.
6. Stoll AL, Sachs GS, Cohen BM, Lafer B, Christensen JD, Renshaw PF. Choline in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: clinical and neurochemical findings in lithium-treated patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;40(5):382-8.
7. Wallace JM, Mccormack JM, Mcnulty H, et al. Choline supplementation and measures of choline and betaine status: a randomised, controlled trial in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(7):1264-71.
8. Zeisel SH. Choline: an important nutrient in brain development, liver function and carcinogenesis. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11(5):473-81.
9. Griner EM, Kazanietz MG. Protein kinase C and other diacylglycerol effectors in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7(4):281-94.

Chokeberry

Chokeberry is a type of berry native to North America. Scientifically classified in the Aronia genus, chokeberry is highly rich in antioxidants, which help neutralize cellular damage caused by free radicals. Because of its high nutritional value and unique flavor, chokeberries are widely used in various international cuisines. People also take chokeberries as supplements in order to boost their overall health.

Benefits of Chokeberry

To date, several test-tube studies and human clinical trials support the many benefits of chokeberry on human health. Here’s a look at the proven health benefits of chokeberry:

Lowers High Blood Pressure

Experimental studies have shown that anthocyanins in chokeberries may exert blood pressure-lowering effect. For instance, in one study assessing the effects of chokeberry extract supplementation (100 mg per day for 2 months) in patients with metabolic syndrome, researchers found a significant reduction in blood pressure levels after two months of treatment.^[1]  

Improves Cholesterol Levels

One study revealed that chokeberry supplementation at a dose of 300 mg daily for 2 months in people with high cholesterol level is associated with a 22% reduction in cholesterol level.^[2] Similarly, another study found that chokeberry supplementation reduced total cholesterol (6.1%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.^[3] Also, significant reductions in cholesterol (21%) and triglyceride levels (41%) have been noted in another study involving diabetic patients who consumed 200 ml of chokeberry juice per day for a period of 3 months.^[4]     

Fights Cancer

Numerous test-tube studies have shown that chokeberry extract has anti-cancer properties.^[5-7] According to these studies, the anthocyanins in chokeberries are mainly responsible for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells as well as inducing programmed cell death that causes malignant cells to self-destruct.

Fights Inflammation

Aside from its anti-cancer properties, chokeberry also has anti-inflammatory properties. According to a study published in the Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, rowers who received 150 ml of chokeberry juice for 8 weeks experienced a significant reduction in inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).^[8] Moreover, researchers observed improvements in rowing performance and iron metabolism.

Lowers Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

The consumption of moderate amounts of chokeberry is associated with favorable changes in cholesterol levels and blood pressure. This in turn can help lower one’s risk for heart disease and other fatal illnesses. Interestingly, in addition to its cholesterol and blood sugar-lowering effects, one study found that chokeberry consumption at 35 grams per day significantly lowered the incidence of blood clot formation in middle-aged subjects, mainly due to its blood-thinning effect.^[9]     

Strengthens the Immune System

Studies have shown that chokeberry has immunomodulating activities. In one laboratory study, researchers found that polyphenolic substances in chokeberries enhanced the activity of various types of immune system cells without affecting its viability.^[10]

References:

1. Broncel M, Kozirog M, Duchnowicz P, Koter-michalak M, Sikora J, Chojnowska-jezierska J. Aronia melanocarpa extract reduces blood pressure, serum endothelin, lipid, and oxidative stress marker levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Med Sci Monit. 2010;16(1):CR28-34.
2. Duchnowicz P, et al. In vivo influence of extract from Aronia melanocarpa on the erythrocyte membranes in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Med Sci Monit. (2012).
3. Broncel M, et al. Aronia melanocarpa extract reduces blood pressure, serum endothelin, lipid, and oxidative stress marker levels in patients with metabolic syndrome . Med Sci Monit. (2010).
4. Simeonov SB, et al. Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus . Folia Med (Plovdiv). (2002).
5. Rugina D, et al. Antioxidant activities of chokeberry extracts and the cytotoxic action of their anthocyanin fraction on HeLa human cervical tumor cells . J Med Food. (2012).
6. Abdullah Thani NA, et al. Induction of apoptosis and reduction of MMP gene expression in the U373 cell line by polyphenolics in Aronia melanocarpa and by curcumin . Oncol Rep. (2012).
7. Sharif T, et al Aronia melanocarpa juice induces a redox-sensitive p73-related caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in human leukemia cells . PLoS One. (2012).
8. Skarpańska-Stejnborn A, Basta P, Sadowska J, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Ł. Effect of supplementation with chokeberry juice on the inflammatory status and markers of iron metabolism in rowers. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2014;11:48. doi:10.1186/s12970-014-0048-5.
9. Erlund I, Koli R, Alfthan G, et al. Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(2):323-31.
10. Ho GTT, Bräunlich M, Austarheim I, et al. Immunomodulating Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014;15(7):11626-11636. doi:10.3390/ijms150711626.

Chlorophyllin

Chlorphyllin is widely used as an internal deodorant. It is the semi-synthetic sodium/copper derivative of the phytochemical chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the green pigmentation that gives plants their rich green color. Also known as the “green blood” of the plants, chlorophyll is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to plants for nourishment. Compared to chlorophyll, chlorophyllin is highly absorbable in water. This improved water-solubility property makes chlorophyllin highly bioavailable for use in the human body. In the digestive tract, chlorophyllin works by inhibiting the actions of intestinal bacteria responsible for odor-producing substances in the stools

Benefits of Chlorophyllin

The health benefits of chlorophyllin go beyond reducing the odors of feces, urine, and infected wounds. An overwhelming body of research supports the following benefits of chlorophyllin supplements on the human body:

Accelerates Wound Healing

According to a review of one clinical study, researchers found that chlorophyllin can thoroughly cleanse lesions of all dead tissue debris and maintain optimal circulation.[1] In this way, the affected tissue receives more oxygen and nutritive elements while being free from infection, thus speeding up recovery.

Prevents Cancer

Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain fungi that are found in peanuts, corn, tree nuts, and cottonseed. Studies show that higher levels of aflatoxins are associated with increased risk of developing liver cancer. Interestingly, one study found that chlorophyllin supplementation three times a day in individuals exposed to dietary aflatoxins reduced the levels of these toxins by 50%, thus lowering their risk of developing cancer.[2]

Prevents and Treats Thalassemia

In people with thalassemia, their bone marrow fails to produce adequate amounts of healthy red blood cells (RBCs). According to a 2004 pilot study, chlorophyllin supplementation can help treat and prevent thalassemia by boosting the production of RBCs.[3] This effect was able to reduce the number of blood transfusions needed by the participants in the study.

Helps Lose Weight and Reduce Cholesterol Levels

One of the most popular health benefits associated with chlorophyllin is weight loss support. A study found that people who took chlorophyllin supplements on a daily basis experienced a significant reduction in body fat mass and body weight compared to those who didn’t receive the supplement.[4] The researchers also found that the supplement reduced the blood levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (bad cholesterol).

Aids in Proper Digestion

According to a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, chlorophyllin supplementation appears to improve the digestive health of elderly nursing home patients by reducing the incidence of constipation and excessive flatus.[5]

Slows the Aging Process

Harmful free radicals are one of the major factors that accelerate aging. Studies have shown that consuming potent antioxidants can help slow the aging process and reduce its visible signs.[6-7] Chlorophyllin possesses strong antioxidant capacity along with a significant amount of essential vitamins and minerals that can effectively scavenge harmful free radicals in the body.[8]

References:

1. Brett DW. Chlorophyllin —a healer? A hypothesis for its activity. WOUNDS. 2005;17(7):190–195.
2. Egner PA, Muñoz A, Kensler TW. Chemoprevention with chlorophyllin in individuals exposed to dietary aflatoxin. Mutation research. 2003; 523-524:209-16.
3. Fernandes CJ, O’Donovan DJ. Natural antioxidant therapy for patients with hemolytic anemia. Indian pediatrics. 2005; 42(6):618-20; author reply 620.
4. Montelius C, Erlandsson D, Vitija E, Stenblom EL, Egecioglu E, Erlanson-Albertsson C. Body weight loss, reduced urge for palatable food and increased release of GLP-1 through daily supplementation with green-plant membranes for three months in overweight women. Appetite. 2014; 81:295-304.
5. Young RW, Beregi JS. Use of chlorophyllin in the care of geriatric patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1980; 28(1):46-7.
6. Fusco D, Colloca G, Monaco MRL, Cesari M. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on the aging process. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2007;2(3):377-387.
7. Yu BP, Kang CM, Han JS, Kim DS. Can antioxidant supplementation slow the aging process? BioFactors (Oxford, England). 1998; 7(1-2):93-101.
8. Subramoniam A, Asha VV, Nair SA. Chlorophyll revisited: anti-inflammatory activities of chlorophyll a and inhibition of expression of TNF-α gene by the same. Inflammation. 2012; 35(3):959-66.

Chloride (potassium chloride)

Chloride is a very important electrolyte (substance that carries a charge) in the blood. It helps maintain the balance between the fluid inside and outside the cells. In addition, chloride is an essential ingredient in the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and plays a major role in the synthesis of hormones and proper contraction of muscles. Food sources of chloride include fruits like pineapple and watermelon, green leafy vegetables, barley, wheat, grains and salt (sodium chloride).

Benefits of Chloride

The following are among the immense health benefits of chloride:

Balances Electrolyte Levels

Levels of electrolytes in your body can sometimes become elevated or depleted. This happens when the amount of water in your body fluctuates, causing dehydration or overhydration. Interestingly, chloride offers several features for regulating electrolyte levels in a highly dynamic manner. Chloride acts like a neutralizing agent to help balance acid and alkaline levels within the body.^[1]    

Lowers High Blood Pressure

Clinical trials have shown that combining potassium with chloride can help lower high blood pressure in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients.^[2] The specific mechanism by which chloride lowers blood pressure is related to its ability to balance electrolyte levels.     

Lowers Risk for Heart Diseases and Related Deaths

Large epidemiologic studies show that lower circulating levels of chloride are associated with higher risk for heart diseases and related deaths.^[3] Researchers at the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health studied 9106 participants for 10 years and found that low chloride levels (below 100 mEq/L) were associated with higher prevalence of dying from heart diseases.^[4]  

Improves Metabolism

Once food is broken down into fluid, chloride is transported into the intestines to ensure better metabolism.^[5] Additionally, the liver uses chloride in its detoxification process to remove potentially harmful toxins and waste products away from the body.

Promotes Better Digestion

Chloride helps strengthen the overall digestive system. It binds with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Furthermore, it helps the body to digest food effectively by breaking down foods into their simpler and more useful forms so that it can be easily absorbed.^[6]

References:

1. Eleanor Whitney; Sharon Rady Rolfes (30 April 2007). Understanding Nutrition. Cengage Learning. pp. 413–. ISBN 0-495-11669-6.
2. Smith SR, Klotman PE, Svetkey LP. Potassium chloride lowers blood pressure and causes natriuresis in older patients with hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(8):1302-9.
3. McCallum L, Lip S, Padmanabhan S. The hidden hand of chloride in hypertension. Pflugers Archiv. 2015;467(3):595-603. doi:10.1007/s00424-015-1690-8.
4. De BD, De BG, De BM, Kornitzer M. Is low serum chloride level a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality? J Cardiovasc Risk. 1998;5(3):177–184.
5. Vishwanath Sardesai (11 April 2003). Introduction to Clinical Nutrition, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-0-203-91239-3.
6. Heather Hedrick Fink; Alan E. Mikesky (12 January 2017). Practical Applications in Sports Nutrition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-284-10139-3.

Chlorella

Chlorella is a single-celled green algae that thrives in fresh water. This microscopic plant is believed to have existed on the planet for over 2 billion years, though it was only in the late 19^th century when it was first discovered. The name “chlorella” is derived from the Greek words “chloros” meaning green, and “ella” which means small. Even though invisible to the naked eye, chlorella contains the highest amount of chlorophyll among all living plant species.

Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants responsible for providing nourishment and oxygen, similar to the function of hemoglobin to humans. Chlorella has been found to also contain high levels of protein, carbohydrates, beneficial fats, vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. For this reason, chlorella is considered as one of nature’s superfoods.

Benefits of Chlorella

As a superfood, chlorella can give you the following amazing health benefits:

Relieves Pain

A review of clinical trials studied the potential of chlorella supplements in improving the symptoms of fibromyalgia, a chronic disorder characterized by widespread body pain.[1]    The review concluded that incorporating chlorella in the diet can help reduce the intensity of pain in patients with fibromyalgia. This finding suggests that chlorella is a potent pain reliever.

Detoxifies Heavy Metals

One of chlorella’s most significant health benefits is that it helps flush out stubborn toxins in the body, such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and uranium. Studies have shown that regular consumption of chlorella increases elimination of heavy metals from the gastrointestinal tract.[2-3]

Boosts Immune Function

According to researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University Medical College, chlorella supplementation in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy reduced the incidence of respiratory infections and flu-like illnesses.[4] This effect is attributed to chlorella’s high nutritional value. In another study, researchers from the Yonsei University in Seoul Korea reported that chlorella supplementation in healthy individuals increased the activity of the subjects’ natural killer cells (cells of the immune system), which is indicative of improved immune function.[5]

Helps Lose Weight

Adding chlorella into your weight loss regimen can help you shed extra pounds. In a study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food, researchers found that subjects with high-risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases and healthy subjects who took chlorella supplements over a 16-week period both experienced noticeable reductions in body fat percentage.[6]

Slows Down Aging

Research continues to reveal that chlorella may possess strong anti-aging properties. A study published in the journal Clinical Laboratory revealed that the antioxidant properties of chlorella greatly reduces oxidative stress (a major factor that accelerates the aging process) in healthy smokers.[7] Researchers also concluded that the reason chlorella is so effective at slowing signs of aging is because it naturally increases levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and glutathione which helps protect cells and neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals.

Lowers Blood Sugar and Cholesterol

According to a study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food, chlorella supplementation at a daily dose of 8,000 mg (divided into 2 doses) helps lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels.[8] Researchers observed a decline in both cholesterol and blood sugar levels after the treatment. According to them, chlorella helps improve the body’s response to insulin, a hormone that helps lower blood sugar levels.

References:

1. Randall E. Merchant, Ph.D., and Cynthia A. Andre, MSc., “A Review of Recent Clinical Trials of the Nutritional Supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia, Hypertension, and Ulcerative Colitis”, May/June 2001, Vol. 7., No. 3, pgs. 79-91.
2. Sears ME. Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification—A Review. The Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013:219840. doi:10.1155/2013/219840.
3. Rafati-Rahimzadeh M, Rafati-Rahimzadeh M, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Current approaches of the management of mercury poisoning: need of the hour. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014;22(1):46. doi:10.1186/2008-2231-22-46.
4. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.2650040605/abstract.
5. Kwak JH, Baek SH, Woo Y, et al. Beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella supplementation: enhancement of Natural Killer cell activity and early inflammatory response (Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial). Nutrition Journal. 2012;11:53. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-53.
6. Mizoguchi T, Takehara I, Masuzawa T, Saito T, Naoki Y. Nutrigenomic studies of effects of Chlorella on subjects with high-risk factors for lifestyle-related disease. Journal of medicinal food. 2008; 11(3):395-404.
7. Panahi Y, Mostafazadeh B, Abrishami A. Investigation of the effects of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on the modulation of oxidative stress in apparently healthy smokers. Clinical laboratory. 2013; 59(5-6):579-87.
8. Mizoguchi T, Takehara I, Masuzawa T, Saito T, Naoki Y. Nutrigenomic studies of effects of Chlorella on subjects with high-risk factors for lifestyle-related disease. Journal of medicinal food. 2008; 11(3):395-404.

Chasteberry Fruit (0.5% extract)

Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-catus), also known as vitex, monk’s pepper, or monk’s berry, is a small brown berry fruit of the chaste tree, which is a member of the mint family. For centuries, chasteberry fruit has been used in the treatment of a wide array of diseases and improving overall health. Chasteberry comes in numerous forms, from supplements in pill and capsule form to the raw extract and tinctures, which are available in many health food stores.

Benefits of Chasteberry Fruit

The following are some of the well-known health benefits of chasteberry fruit that are backed by strong scientific studies:

Relieves Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

PMS refers to physical and emotional symptoms that women experience one to two weeks before their period. Common unpleasant symptoms include acne, breast tenderness, abdominal bloating, extreme fatigue, and mood changes. Interestingly, a review of several clinical trials conducted by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and the University in Australia found that women who took chasteberry fruit extract experienced a significant reduction in PMS symptoms compared to those who took placebo.[1] The researchers also reported that five out of six studies found chasteberry fruit extracts to be superior to a placebo for treating debilitating symptoms of PMS.

Reduces Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumors in the uterus caused by hormonal imbalance, which often leads to pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding. According to a 2007 study published in the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, chasteberry can help reduce uterine fibroids by balancing the levels of estrogen and progesterone.[2]

Improves Female Fertility

Chasteberry fruit has been shown to improve fertility, particularly in women who are having difficulty getting pregnant. In one clinical trial assessing the effects of 3-month chasteberry supplementation on female fertility, researchers found that 14 of the 53 women in the chasteberry-treated group got pregnant (26%) compared to 4 of the 40 women in the placebo-treated group.[3]

Clears Up Acne

Hormone imbalances and fluctuations are the main culprit of acne breakouts. Since chasteberry can help maintain proper hormone balance, loading up on this powerful fruit can also prevent acne. In fact, one study revealed that chasteberry fruit consumption significantly improved premenstrual acne by maintaining proper hormonal balance.[4]

Treats Amenorrhea

Most women experience amenorrhea, an abnormal absence of menstruation. A 2013 study reported that infertile women with amenorrhea can take chasteberry fruit supplements for 12-18 months to help normalize their menstrual cycle, unless pregnancy occurs during the course of the treatment.[5]

Accelerates Bone Healing

A 2014 study published in the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences found that women with long bone fractures who took 4 mg dried fruit extract of chasteberry fruit per day for 8 weeks had faster recovery than those who took placebo.[6]

Fights Cancer

According to a 2003 laboratory study published in the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, chasteberry fruit extract prevented the growth and reproduction of several lines of human cancer cells, including cervical, breast, ovarian, colon, and lung cancer.[7] Researchers found that the chasteberry fruit extract induced programmed cell death of cancer cells.

References:

1. Van Die MD, Burger HG, Teede HJ, Bone KM. Vitex agnus-castus extracts for female reproductive disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials. Planta medica. 2013; 79(7):562-75.
2. Logo of jccaLivdans-Forret AB, Harvey PJ, Larkin-Thier SM. Menorrhagia: A synopsis of management focusing on herbal and nutritional supplements, and chiropractic. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 2007;51(4):235-246.
3. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant AS. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology. 2006; 33(4):205-8.
4. Roemheld-Hamm B. Chasteberry. American family physician. 2005; 72(5):821-4.
5. Rani A, Sharma A. The genus Vitex: A review. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2013;7(14):188-198. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.120522.
6. Eftekhari MH, Rostami ZH, Emami MJ, Tabatabaee HR. Effects of “vitex agnus castus” extract and magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination, on osteogenic and angiogenic factors and fracture healing in women with long bone fracture. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2014;19(1):1-7.
7. Ohyama K, Akaike T, Hirobe C, Yamakawa T. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic inducibility of Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract in cultured human normal and cancer cells and effect on growth. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2003; 26(1):10-8.

Cellulase

Cellulase is produced naturally by different microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and protozoa. Cellulase has the ability to break down cellulose, a natural fiber which is a key part of the outer cellular structure of plants. If you consume a lot of juicy, healthy green vegetables and fruits, it will not be properly digested if you don’t have enough cellulase in your body. This the reason why you see undigested food fragments in your stool whenever you eat high-fiber fruits and vegetables. Since the human body cannot digest cellulose, you need to take cellulase supplements in order to get the most nutrients out of fruits and vegetables.

Benefits of Cellulase

Taking cellulase supplements can give you the following proven health benefits:

Maintains a Healthy Digestive System

Studies show that the cellulase enzymes have the ability to inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria such as Pseudomonas in the intestinal tract. This in turn helps detoxify the digestive system, as well as major organ system.^[1] In another study involving nursing home patients, researchers found that participants who took a multi-enzyme formula containing cellulase experienced a significant increase in the markers of protein absorption.^[2] This indicates an improvement in digestion and overall nutritional status.

Lowers High Blood Sugar Levels

Consuming cellulose can benefit patients with diabetes mellitus. Results from one study assessing the effects of cellulase show that the treatment lowered blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.^[3] This blood sugar-lowering effect was observed 1 to 1.5 hours after ingestion of cellulase.   

Protects Against Damaging Free Radicals

Free radicals steal electrons from healthy cells, resulting in damage to the cellular structure. Prolonged cellular damage can accelerate aging and can increase one’s risk for various diseases. One study found that cellulase may actually help protect against damaging free radicals due to its antioxidant properties.^[4] The researchers observed that both cellulase and grape extract showed efficient free radical scavenging activity.

Helps Normalize Bowel Movements

Cellulose is a natural fiber found in various fruits and vegetables. Since fiber allows more water to remain in your stool and adds bulk to your fecal material, it can help improve bowel regularity and prevent constipation.^[5] By loading up on cellulase, cellulose will be easily broken down and fiber will be effectively absorbed by your body.

Protects Against Cardiovascular Disease

Adequate fiber intake consistently lowers the risk for cardiovascular disease by reducing high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and blood concentrations of inflammatory substances.^[6] Increasing your cellulase levels through supplements will help boost your body’s ability to digest and absorb fiber, which will ultimately lower your risk for cardiovascular disease.     

References:

1. Loiselle M, Anderson KW. The use of cellulase in inhibiting biofilm formation from organisms commonly found on medical implants. Biofouling. 2003 Apr;19(2):77-85.
2. Glade MJ, Kendra D, Kaminski MV Jr. Improvement in protein utilization in nursing-home patients on tube feeding supplemented with an enzyme product derived from Aspergillus niger and bromelain. Nutrition. 2001 Apr;17(4):348-50.
3. Korotkova VD, Perelygina AA, Lobanova AM, Stoilov LD. [Effect of dietary supplements with different cellulose content on the blood glucose and insulin levels in type II diabetes mellitus]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk). 1983;29(6):16-9.
4. Kabir F, Sultana MS, Kurnianta H. Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Underutilized Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Pomace Extracts. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2015;20(3):210-4.
5. Liu BH, Yang XQ, Ren DL, et al. [Efficacy of cellulose on functional constipation]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2009;12(2):182-4.
6. Slavin J. Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits. Nutrients. 2013;5(4):1417-1435. doi:10.3390/nu5041417.