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HMB benefits include enhancing muscle growth and strength, improving exercise performance, supporting fat loss, promoting bone and cardiovascular health, and improving cognitive function.
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) is a naturally produced substance in the human body, derived from the amino acid leucine. HMB is also available as a dietary supplement, often used to promote muscle growth, strength, and recovery. HMB h as been researched for its potential benefits in various areas, including muscle health, exercise performance, and overall well-being.
HMB is a bioactive metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine, playing a pivotal role in muscle protein metabolism. It works by reducing muscle protein breakdown, a process that can occur during intense physical activity, caloric deficits, or aging. HMB inhibits the activity of proteolytic enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is primarily responsible for muscle protein degradation. By limiting this breakdown, HMB helps preserve muscle mass and supports recovery, especially in conditions that would otherwise promote muscle loss.
HMB enhances muscle growth and strength by promoting muscle protein synthesis while simultaneously reducing muscle protein breakdown. It achieves this by activating the mTOR pathway, a critical regulator of muscle cell growth, and inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which degrades proteins in muscle tissue. This dual action creates a favorable anabolic environment, leading to increased muscle mass and strength over time. Additionally, HMB helps stabilize muscle cell membranes, reducing damage from intense physical activity and supporting faster recovery, further contributing to strength gains and hypertrophy.
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) improves exercise performance by enhancing muscle recovery, reducing muscle protein breakdown, and supporting energy availability during intense physical activity. It minimizes muscle damage caused by high-intensity or prolonged exercise, allowing for faster recovery and reduced soreness. By promoting muscle protein synthesis, HMB helps maintain and increase lean muscle mass, which is crucial for strength and endurance. Additionally
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supports fat loss by enhancing fat oxidation and preserving lean muscle mass during calorie-restricted diets. By reducing muscle protein breakdown, HMB helps maintain metabolic activity associated with muscle tissue, which is crucial for sustained fat-burning. Additionally, HMB influences lipid metabolism, potentially increasing the body’s ability to utilize stored fat as an energy source. These combined effects make HMB an effective supplement for promoting fat loss while preventing the loss of valuable muscle mass, especially in individuals engaging in regular exercise or undergoing weight loss programs.
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) promotes bone health by enhancing bone mineral density and reducing bone loss through its dual action on bone metabolism. It stimulates osteoblast activity, which is responsible for bone formation, while simultaneously inhibiting osteoclast activity, which breaks down bone tissue. This balance helps maintain stronger, healthier bones, particularly in aging individuals or those at risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, HMBās anti-inflammatory properties and ability to reduce oxidative stress further support bone health by protecting bone cells from damage and creating an environment conducive to bone regeneration and repair.
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) enhances cardiovascular health primarily by reducing systemic inflammation and improving lipid profiles. HMB has been shown to decrease levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), which are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Additionally, HMB may help improve cholesterol levels by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and potentially increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), contributing to better heart health. By mitigating oxidative stress and supporting endothelial function, HMB also helps maintain healthy blood vessels, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and promoting overall cardiovascular well-being.
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) may improve cognitive function by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, two factors closely linked to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions. HMB’s anti-inflammatory properties help modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain, potentially protecting neurons from damage. Additionally, its role in enhancing cellular energy metabolism supports the health and function of neural cells. While research on HMB’s cognitive benefits is still emerging, preliminary findings suggest that it could contribute to improved memory, focus, and overall brain health, particularly in aging populations or those experiencing cognitive stress.
HMB (hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is primarily known for its role in muscle preservation and recovery, but its relationship to hair health is less understood. While HMB itself is not directly associated with hair loss, concerns may arise when individuals taking it as a supplement experience changes in hair health. These changes are often linked to other factors, such as overall diet, hormonal fluctuations, stress from intense physical training, or the potential interactions of HMB with other supplements or medications. Understanding these underlying influences is essential for addressing any perceived connection between HMB and hair loss.
Hair health relies on a variety of factors, including adequate nutrition, hormonal stability, and the absence of stress. Since HMB is typically consumed to enhance athletic performance or mitigate muscle loss, individuals may adopt dietary patterns that unintentionally neglect nutrients essential for hair growth, such as biotin, zinc, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, intense training or caloric restriction, which sometimes accompany HMB use, can lead to elevated cortisol levels or other hormonal imbalances that negatively affect hair follicles. Itās important to ensure a well-rounded diet and manage stress when taking supplements like HMB to avoid potential side effects on hair health.
To prevent or minimize hair loss while using HMB, consider integrating a holistic approach to health. A nutrient-rich diet that includes vitamins and minerals critical for hair growth is key, along with maintaining proper hydration and managing stress levels. Additionally, consult a healthcare professional before starting HMB or any new supplement to ensure it aligns with your overall health needs. If hair loss persists or worsens, further investigation into other potential causes, such as genetics, scalp conditions, or underlying medical issues, may be necessary. When used responsibly and as part of a balanced regimen, HMB can support muscle health without compromising hair health.
HMB (hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) and Vitamin D3 are two supplements that complement each other in promoting muscle and bone health. HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, known for its ability to reduce muscle breakdown, enhance recovery, and preserve lean body mass. On the other hand, Vitamin D3 plays a critical role in calcium absorption, bone mineralization, and supporting overall skeletal strength. When used together, these supplements can help combat age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) and bone density decline, making them especially beneficial for older adults and athletes.
The synergy between HMB and Vitamin D3 lies in their combined ability to support anabolic and anti-catabolic processes in the body. Vitamin D3 enhances calcium homeostasis, which is crucial for muscle contraction and bone integrity, while HMB prevents protein degradation in muscle cells, fostering muscle retention and growth. Studies have shown that combining HMB with Vitamin D3 can significantly improve muscle strength, physical performance, and reduce the risk of falls in older populations. Additionally, Vitamin D3 helps regulate immune function, which may further enhance recovery and overall well-being when paired with HMBās muscle-preserving effects.
For those considering a combination of HMB and Vitamin D3, it is important to follow recommended dosages to maximize benefits while minimizing potential side effects. Typically, HMB is taken in doses of 3 grams per day, split into multiple servings, while Vitamin D3 is often supplemented in doses of 1,000 to 5,000 IU daily, depending on individual needs and existing Vitamin D levels. Consulting a healthcare provider before starting these supplements is essential, especially for individuals with underlying medical conditions or those already taking other medications. When used as part of a balanced diet and exercise program, HMB and Vitamin D3 can be powerful tools in maintaining long-term muscle and bone health.
HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) and creatine are two of the most researched supplements in sports and fitness. Both are renowned for their ability to enhance muscle strength, endurance, and recovery. Hydroxy beta methylbutyrate HMB, a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, works primarily by reducing muscle protein breakdown and promoting repair, while creatine increases energy production in muscle cells by replenishing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores. When used together, these supplements create a synergistic effect, helping athletes and fitness enthusiasts maximize muscle growth and performance during training.
Research suggests that the combined use of HMB and creatine may be particularly effective for individuals aiming to improve muscle mass and strength. HMB helps preserve existing muscle by minimizing protein degradation, which is especially beneficial during caloric deficits or intense training. Meanwhile, creatine supports explosive power and strength gains by replenishing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores more quickly. Together, they provide a dual approach: HMB aids in recovery and muscle preservation, while creatine boosts performance and energy output. This makes the combination ideal for athletes, bodybuilders, and older adults looking to combat age-related muscle loss.
The combination of HMB and creatine is not limited to professional athletes or bodybuilders; it can benefit anyone engaged in physical activity. Beginners looking to build a foundation of strength and endurance, older adults aiming to prevent sarcopenia, or individuals recovering fr;pl\ om injuries may all find value in these supplements. Additionally, the combined use can help mitigate the muscle loss associated with periods of inactivity, such as post-surgery recovery. As always, individuals considering these supplements should consult with a healthcare provider or nutrition expert to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure the combination aligns with their health goals.
Knowing when to take HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) can significantly impact its effectiveness in promoting muscle health, enhancing performance, and aiding recovery. For athletes and individuals engaged in regular resistance or endurance training, taking HMB 30ā60 minutes before a workout is ideal. This timing allows the supplement to be absorbed and ready to reduce muscle protein breakdown during exercise, improving endurance and limiting muscle damage. It also primes the body for quicker recovery post-exercise, reducing soreness and fatigue.
HMB can also be taken throughout the day to maximize its muscle-preserving effects, particularly for those looking to prevent muscle loss due to aging, illness, or caloric deficits. Dividing the recommended daily dose (typically around 3 grams) into two or three servings can help maintain steady levels in the body. For example, taking HMB in the morning, before a workout, and in the evening ensures consistent support for muscle protein synthesis and recovery. This strategy is especially useful during periods of inactivity, such as recovery from injury, as it helps preserve muscle mass.
Taking HMB after a workout is another effective strategy, as it helps repair muscle tissue damaged during exercise and reduces inflammation. Some users also benefit from taking HMB before bed, as the body undergoes repair and recovery processes during sleep. This approach is particularly helpful for individuals undergoing intense training sessions or those aiming to prevent overnight muscle breakdown. By aligning HMB intake with these key moments, users can harness its full potential to support muscle health and overall physical performance.
HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) and Vitamin D powder combine to create a potent supplement for muscle health, bone strength, and overall physical performance. HMB is well-known for its ability to reduce muscle protein breakdown and support muscle growth, while Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, bone mineralization, and immune function. Together, these compounds offer complementary benefits, particularly for athletes, older adults, and those recovering from illness or injury. Vitamin D enhances calcium levels, which supports muscle contractions, while HMB helps preserve muscle mass, making the combination particularly effective in preventing sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss).
For individuals engaged in intense physical activities, combining HMB and Vitamin D powder can accelerate recovery and reduce the risk of injuries. HMB minimizes muscle damage during exercise and promotes faster repair, while Vitamin D contributes to stronger bones by aiding calcium and phosphate absorption. This combination is also highly beneficial for individuals with Vitamin D deficiencies, which are linked to muscle weakness and reduced physical performance. Taking HMB alongside Vitamin D ensures that both muscle and bone systems are adequately supported, improving overall strength and resilience.
Vitamin D powder combined with HMB provides a convenient way to achieve optimal dosages for both nutrients in a single supplement. This powdered format allows for easy mixing into drinks or protein shakes, making it suitable for daily consumption. Regular supplementation with HMB and Vitamin D powder can benefit not only athletes but also individuals recovering from surgery, those with limited mobility, and older adults looking to maintain independence and physical functionality. By incorporating this powerful duo into a balanced diet, users can support their muscle, bone, and immune health effectively.
HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is a naturally occurring compound produced in the body during the breakdown of leucine, an essential amino acid found in protein-rich foods. As a supplement, HMB is widely recognized for its ability to support muscle health by reducing muscle protein breakdown and promoting muscle repair and growth. It is particularly popular among athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals looking to improve physical performance or recover from muscle-related injuries. HMB supplements are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and powders, allowing flexibility for users to incorporate them into their routine.
HMB supplements are known for their ability to enhance muscle recovery, especially after intense workouts or physical stress. By reducing muscle protein breakdown, HMB helps maintain muscle mass, even during periods of caloric restriction, inactivity, or aging. This makes it a valuable supplement for older adults who are prone to sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss). Additionally, HMB has been shown to improve physical endurance and strength, making it an effective aid for athletes seeking to optimize performance. Beyond muscle benefits, HMB has been studied for its role in reducing exercise-induced muscle damage and improving overall recovery times.
HMB supplements are suitable for a variety of individuals, including athletes aiming to maximize their training results, older adults seeking to preserve muscle mass, and anyone recovering from surgery or prolonged illness. It is also beneficial for those with conditions that lead to muscle wasting, such as cachexia. While HMB is generally safe and well-tolerated, consulting a healthcare provider before starting supplementation is recommended, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions. When used appropriately, HMB can be a powerful tool to support muscle health, recovery, and overall physical well-being.
The recommended daily dose of HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) typically falls between 3 to 6 grams per day to achieve optimal results. Most studies have found that a dose of 3 grams daily is sufficient to support muscle protein synthesis, reduce muscle protein breakdown, and improve recovery. This dosage can be divided into smaller amounts taken throughout the day to maximize absorption and maintain steady levels in the bloodstream. For individuals engaging in high-intensity workouts or recovering from significant muscle loss, slightly higher doses, up to 6 grams daily, may be considered under medical supervision.
Timing plays a critical role in maximizing the benefits of HMB supplementation. It is often recommended to take HMB 30-60 minutes before exercise to reduce muscle damage during workouts and enhance recovery afterward. For individuals not exercising regularly, taking HMB with meals spread across the day can help maintain consistent plasma levels. Dividing the total daily dose into 2-3 servings is particularly effective for promoting muscle health and preventing excessive breakdown, especially in older adults or those recovering from muscle-related injuries.
The optimal HMB dosage can vary based on factors such as age, weight, activity level, and overall health. Athletes or bodybuilders with higher muscle mass and training intensity may benefit from higher doses, while older adults or sedentary individuals may achieve similar results with a standard 3-gram dose. It is essential to follow dosing instructions provided by the manufacturer and consult a healthcare professional before starting supplementation, especially for individuals with medical conditions or those combining HMB with other supplements like creatine or protein powders. Proper dosing ensures that HMB supplementation is safe and effective in meeting individual health and fitness goals.
HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated supplement with minimal side effects when taken in recommended doses. Research and clinical trials involving HMB have consistently shown that it poses no significant health risks to healthy individuals, even with long-term use. Commonly, doses of up to 3 grams per day are well-tolerated without adverse effects. This makes HMB a suitable option for athletes, older adults, and individuals recovering from muscle loss or injury. Its safety profile is one of the reasons it has gained popularity as a muscle health supplement.
While HMB supplement side effects are rare, some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, nausea, or diarrhea, particularly when HMB is consumed in high doses or on an empty stomach. These effects are usually temporary and can be mitigated by dividing the daily dosage into smaller portions taken with meals. It’s important to follow recommended dosing guidelines and avoid significantly exceeding the suggested amounts, as higher doses may increase the likelihood of these minor side effects.
Although HMB is safe for most people, certain groups should exercise caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, should consult a healthcare professional before starting HMB supplementation. Additionally, those taking medications or combining HMB with other supplements should ensure there are no potential interactions. Maintaining the recommended dosage and consulting a professional can help minimize risks and ensure the safe and effective use of HMB for muscle health and recovery.
HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, renowned for its role in muscle health. It supports muscle growth by enhancing protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown. A systematic review highlights that HMB activates the mTOR signaling pathway, which is essential for muscle protein synthesis, while also inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system that causes muscle degradation. This dual action, as demonstrated in a systematic review, makes HMB particularly effective in promoting muscle gains during resistance exercise. Additionally, consistent use of HMB in conjunction with resistance exercise, as supported by a systematic review, helps athletes and fitness enthusiasts achieve greater results in muscle mass and strength development.
One of HMB’s standout benefits is its ability to preserve muscle during catabolic states, such as intense physical activity, caloric deficits, or aging-related muscle loss. By reducing the breakdown of muscle proteins, HMB helps protect lean body mass even in challenging conditions. For individuals recovering from injuries, illnesses, or surgeries, where muscle wasting is a concern, HMB supplementation can play a pivotal role in maintaining muscle integrity. Similarly, older adults can benefit from HMB as it combats age-related sarcopenia, allowing them to retain functional strength and improve overall quality of life.
HMB is also known for enhancing recovery after strenuous exercise, as supported by findings in a systematic review. It reduces exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation, allowing individuals to recover more quickly and perform at a higher level during subsequent workouts. A systematic review highlights its effectiveness in minimizing muscle soreness and fatigue, ensuring a consistent training schedule. This makes it an ideal supplement for athletes undergoing intense training regimens or anyone seeking faster recovery from physical exertion. Furthermore, a systematic review indicates that HMB contributes to improved short-term performance and long-term fitness goals. For those looking to optimize recovery and training consistency, systematic review evidence emphasizes the benefits of HMB supplementation. As shown in a systematic review, HMB is an invaluable tool for both casual and professional athletes aiming to enhance their overall fitness and performance levels.
The combination of 3000 mg HMB (Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) and Vitamin D3 brings together two potent supplements that synergistically support muscle and bone health. HMB is well-known for its role in muscle preservation and growth by enhancing protein synthesis and reducing muscle protein breakdown. Vitamin D3, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization, ensuring strong skeletal support. Together, they create a foundation for maintaining and improving musculoskeletal health, especially beneficial for aging adults, athletes, and individuals in recovery from injuries.
When paired, 3000 mg HMB and Vitamin D3 amplify recovery from physical exertion and reduce muscle soreness post-exercise, particularly benefiting individuals engaged in resistance training. HMB minimizes exercise-induced muscle damage, while Vitamin D3 supports the immune system and aids in tissue repair, creating a synergistic effect for enhanced recovery. This combination is especially advantageous for those involved in intense resistance training, as it helps maintain peak performance, improve muscle function, and reduce downtime between workouts. The inclusion of Vitamin D3 further ensures energy metabolism and muscle health, making it an ideal supplement duo for long-term fitness goals and consistent resistance training success.
Aging often leads to sarcopenia (muscle loss) and osteoporosis (bone density reduction), conditions that significantly impact mobility and overall health. A daily intake of 3 grams of HMB with Vitamin D3 can counteract these effects by preserving lean muscle mass and improving bone strength. Vitamin D3 facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, crucial for bone density, while grams of HMB support muscle retention and functional strength. This combination is especially valuable for older adults, as 3 grams of HMB daily helps maintain independence and prevent injuries. Incorporating grams of HMB into a balanced regimen can enhance both muscle and bone health effectively.
Hydroxy-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a compound produced in the body as a byproduct of the metabolism of the amino acid leucine, which is found in protein-rich foods. While HMB itself is not abundantly present in foods, consuming leucine-rich sources like eggs, chicken, beef, fish, and dairy products can support the bodyās natural production of HMB. Among plant-based options, soy products, lentils, and beans are also good sources of leucine, making them valuable for vegetarians or vegans looking to boost their HMB levels indirectly.
Although certain foods contribute to HMB production, the amount generated from dietary leucine is relatively small. Research suggests that only about 5% of leucine is converted to HMB in the body. To achieve effective levels of HMB that can significantly impact muscle growth, recovery, or performance, individuals may need to consume a very high amount of protein-rich foods, which may not always be practical or aligned with dietary goals. This limitation often highlights the advantage of HMB supplementation as a more convenient and effective approach.HMB supplementation provides a direct and consistent supply of this critical compound, bypassing the need for excessive protein intake. By ensuring adequate levels of HMB, supplementation allows users to experience its benefits in muscle preservation, recovery, and overall performance without drastically altering their diet. This makes it an attractive choice for athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and those with specific muscle maintenance needs.
For individuals who cannot meet their HMB needs through diet alone or for those with higher physical demands, HMB supplements can provide a convenient and concentrated solution. These supplements are particularly useful for athletes, older adults, or individuals recovering from injuries, as they deliver a direct and efficient dose of HMB without requiring excessive food intake. While incorporating leucine-rich foods is beneficial for overall nutrition, combining them with HMB supplements ensures optimal levels for muscle preservation, growth, and recovery.
Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) is primarily known for its role in promoting muscle preservation and growth, which is closely tied to improving muscle strength. It is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, which plays a crucial part in protein synthesis and the development of muscle strength. HMB helps reduce muscle protein breakdown, especially during periods of stress, illness, or intense physical activity, ensuring the retention of muscle strength. By inhibiting catabolic processes and enhancing protein synthesis, HMB supports maintaining lean muscle mass, which is vital for muscle strength, endurance, and overall fitness. It has been widely studied for its benefits in preventing muscle loss during aging, muscle-wasting diseases, and in individuals undergoing heavy training regimens, with all these benefits contributing to improved muscle strength and physical resilience.
In addition to its muscle-preserving benefits, HMB supplementation plays a key role in recovery after strenuous exercise. It can help reduce muscle damage and accelerate recovery time, allowing athletes to perform at their best without extended downtime. By decreasing muscle protein breakdown, HMB supplementation helps mitigate muscle soreness and fatigue that typically follow intense workouts. This allows athletes and fitness enthusiasts to train more frequently and with greater intensity.HMB supplementation can be particularly beneficial for individuals engaging in high-endurance activities or resistance training, as it supports overall muscular health and performance. Moreover, its ability to reduce muscle damage is especially advantageous for those undergoing rehabilitation or recovering from surgery or injury. Through consistent HMB supplementation, recovery processes are enhanced, helping users return to their activities with minimal setbacks. Athletes seeking to maximize their gains often turn to HMB supplementation as a reliable tool for improving workout outcomes. The benefits of HMB supplementation are not limited to physical performance but also extend to supporting long-term muscular resilience. This makes HMB supplementation a versatile and effective option for anyone aiming to optimize their recovery and physical endurance.
HMB has also been shown to support fat loss and improve overall body composition. It may help prevent the breakdown of muscle tissue while promoting fat oxidation, leading to a more favorable balance of lean muscle mass and body fat. This makes it a useful supplement for individuals looking to reduce body fat while maintaining or building muscle. Additionally, HMB can help maintain strength and physical performance during calorie restriction or weight loss programs, where muscle preservation is often a concern. By improving body composition, HMB enhances overall physical function, helping individuals achieve their fitness and health goals more effectively.
HMB helps preserve lean muscle mass and prevent muscle breakdown, making hydroxy beta methylbutyrate HMB an essential supplement for athletes and individuals seeking to maintain muscle integrity during intense training or recovery periods.
No, HMB and creatine are different compounds with distinct functions, but both can play significant roles in addressing cachexia sarcopenia muscle loss. HMB primarily helps prevent muscle breakdown and supports recovery, while creatine enhances energy production and muscle strength, making them complementary in managing cachexia sarcopenia muscle conditions.
Yes, both HMB and vitamin D3 have been shown to support skeletal muscle mass and overall well-being. Together, they may enhance muscle strength and preservation, making them effective supplements for maintaining skeletal muscle mass in various populations.
Yes, HMB is most effective when taken daily to support muscle preservation, as studies published in J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle highlight its role in reducing muscle breakdown and promoting protein synthesis. Consistent supplementation helps individuals maintain lean mass and strength, particularly in cases of age-related muscle loss or recovery from physical stress, as demonstrated in findings from J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle.
Yes, taking HMB daily is generally considered safe and beneficial, particularly for maintaining skeletal muscle health. Regular HMB intake supports the preservation of skeletal muscle by reducing protein breakdown and promoting muscle recovery. This daily regimen can be especially advantageous for individuals looking to enhance skeletal muscle strength and prevent loss of skeletal muscle mass during periods of physical stress or aging.
Beta hydroxy is a key component of HMB, which helps prevent muscle loss, enhance recovery, and support muscle growth. By reducing muscle protein breakdown and promoting anabolic processes, beta hydroxy plays a crucial role in maintaining lean muscle mass. Additionally, beta hydroxy aids in recovery from intense physical activity, making it a popular choice for athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The muscle growth benefits of beta hydroxy make it particularly effective when combined with resistance training or during periods of physical stress. By integrating beta hydroxy into a supplement regimen, individuals can optimize their efforts to preserve and build muscle.
HMB, also known as beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate, does not directly boost testosterone levels but can help improve muscle mass through its anabolic and anti-catabolic effects. The role of beta hydroxy in reducing muscle protein breakdown makes it a powerful supplement for maintaining and enhancing muscle mass during periods of physical stress or resistance training. While it does not influence hormone levels like testosterone, beta hydroxy aids in muscle recovery and growth, making it a valuable tool for athletes. The effectiveness of beta hydroxy in supporting muscle health stems from its ability to stimulate protein synthesis and reduce catabolism. Moreover, beta hydroxy has been shown to play a crucial role in preserving lean muscle during intense physical exertion and caloric deficits, contributing to improved overall fitness and strength. By targeting the reduction of muscle protein breakdown and supporting the anabolic process, beta hydroxy enhances muscle preservation, especially during periods of heavy training.
HMB helps with muscle preservation, recovery, fat loss, and improving body composition. By reducing muscle protein breakdown and promoting muscle growth, HMB supports the maintenance of lean muscle mass, which plays a key role in enhancing body composition.
Yes, consistent daily intake of HMB maximizes its benefits, especially when combined with regular physical exercise. HMB works best when paired with physical exercise, as it helps reduce muscle protein breakdown and enhances recovery. By incorporating HMB into a routine that includes physical exercise, individuals can optimize muscle preservation and growth over time.
HMB and creatine serve different purposes, so neither is definitively better than the other; both are valuable dietary supplements depending on individual goals. HMB is primarily known for reducing muscle protein breakdown, making it effective for preserving muscle during stress or aging, while creatine boosts energy production for short, high-intensity workouts. Incorporating both dietary supplements into a fitness regimen can provide complementary benefits for strength, endurance, and recovery, highlighting their distinct roles as essential dietary supplements.
HMB preserves muscle mass, enhances recovery, and reduces muscle breakdown, making it a valuable supplement for promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Yes, daily use of HMB is generally considered safe and may help reduce fat mass while preserving muscle.
Supplements like biotin, vitamin D, and zinc may help prevent hair loss and indirectly support overall health, which can also aid efforts to increase muscle mass.
Hydroxy β methylbutyrate HMB does not directly affect hormone levels but is well-regarded for its ability to support muscle preservation and recovery. The primary function of hydroxy β methylbutyrate HMB lies in reducing muscle protein breakdown and promoting anabolic activity, making it an effective supplement for enhancing physical performance and maintaining lean body mass. While hydroxy β methylbutyrate HMB does not interact with hormonal pathways, its benefits in muscle health and recovery have solidified its reputation as a reliable tool for athletes and fitness enthusiasts alike. Hydroxy β methylbutyrate HMB is a safe and effective option for those looking to improve their overall muscle health without altering hormone levels.
HMB is generally considered safe for the liver, with no significant adverse effects reported in randomized controlled trials. In fact, some studies suggest that HMB may even exhibit protective effects on liver function, particularly during periods of physical stress or illness. Ongoing randomized controlled trials continue to evaluate the safety profile and potential liver benefits of HMB supplementation, further supporting its use in various health and fitness contexts.
HMB, also known as beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate, combined with vitamin D3, supports muscle health by promoting protein synthesis and reducing muscle breakdown. The inclusion of beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate enhances recovery and helps preserve lean muscle mass, especially during periods of physical stress or aging. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of vitamin D3 and beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate contribute to maintaining bone density and improving overall physical performance. For athletes and those involved in resistance training, beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate supplementation with vitamin D3 can maximize strength gains and endurance. Additionally, beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate is effective in preventing muscle loss and supporting optimal body composition, making it a valuable addition to fitness routines. The role of beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate in reducing muscle fatigue further highlights its importance in enhancing overall physical capacity.
Yes, beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate can support fat loss by preserving lean muscle mass during calorie restriction. By reducing muscle protein breakdown, beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate helps maintain strength and metabolic activity, which are essential for effective fat loss.
Yes, HMB and creatine can be taken together for complementary health benefits in muscle growth and strength. The combination of these supplements may amplify their individual health benefits, supporting enhanced recovery, improved performance, and increased lean muscle mass.
No, HMB (a leucine metabolite) is generally safe for kidneys when taken in recommended doses. Studies suggest that leucine metabolites, including HMB, do not pose significant risks to kidney health in healthy individuals.
Yes, HMB helps build muscle by reducing muscle protein breakdown and enhancing recovery, making it particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with muscle wasting conditions. Research has shown that HMB can support muscle maintenance and recovery, especially in muscle wasting conditions caused by aging, illness, or inactivity.
HMB, or hydroxy beta methylbutyrate supplementation, is best taken before workouts or evenly distributed throughout the day. Regular hydroxy beta methylbutyrate supplementation can help optimize muscle recovery and growth when used consistently.
HMB can be taken with or without food, depending on personal preference, and it may also help in managing cardiovascular risk factors. Some research suggests that HMB supplementation could indirectly support cardiovascular risk factors by improving overall physical health and reducing inflammation.
Yes, taking HMB before bed can help with muscle recovery overnight, especially when combined with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Studies have shown that the combined effects of HMB and creatine monohydrate supplementation can enhance muscle repair and growth during periods of rest, including sleep.
Yes, HMB and vitamin D are effective in supporting muscle and bone health, as they work together to benefit muscle growth and strength. Regular use of HMB can also benefit muscle growth by reducing protein breakdown and promoting recovery.
Yes, daily use of HMB is considered safe and beneficial, with some studies suggesting it may help reduce abdominal fat mass while supporting muscle health. Regular HMB supplementation can contribute to a decrease in abdominal fat mass and improved body composition when combined with a proper diet and exercise routine.
Typically, 1000-4000 IU of vitamin D3 is recommended alongside HMB, depending on individual needs, as this combination may also help decrease cardiovascular risk factors while supporting muscle and bone health.
HMB helps preserve muscle mass, enhance recovery, and support strength, making it effective for increasing lean body mass. When combined with proper training and nutrition, HMB plays a crucial role in increasing lean body mass over time.
HMB has minimal side effects, with occasional reports of gastrointestinal discomfort. The effects of HMB are generally positive, promoting muscle preservation and recovery. Most users experience benefits without significant adverse reactions, and the effects of HMB on muscle mass and strength have been well-documented. The effects of HMB are particularly noticeable during periods of intense physical activity, as it helps reduce muscle breakdown. For individuals seeking to improve body composition, the effects of HMB can be highly beneficial, aiding in the retention of lean muscle. Overall, the effects of HMB are safe when used appropriately, offering significant advantages in muscle maintenance.
The recommended daily dose of HMB is 3 grams for optimal results, as daily HMB supplementation has been shown to support muscle preservation and recovery. Consistent daily HMB supplementation can also enhance strength and improve overall body composition.
Most guidelines suggest 1 gram three times a day or 3 grams total daily, as HMB supplementation can help increase protein synthesis. Regular use of HMB has been shown to enhance muscle recovery and increase protein synthesis, particularly when combined with resistance training.
Taking excessive HMB may lead to gastrointestinal issues, but oral supplementation is generally well-tolerated within safe limits.
You can take HMB at either time, but itās best distributed throughout the day, especially when combined with amino acid supplements to enhance muscle recovery. Regular use of HMB alongside amino acid supplements can further support muscle preservation and growth.
No, HMB does not cause weight gain and may aid in fat loss while preserving muscle, partly due to increased intramuscular HMB concentrations, which enhance muscle preservation and support fat oxidation.
HMB is generally safe with rare, mild side effects like digestive discomfort, and it may also help reduce creatine kinase levels, which are markers of muscle damage.
No, 3000 mg (or IU) of vitamin D3 is within the safe daily intake range for most people, and it can be beneficial when combined with the effects of HMB supplementation, which supports muscle and bone health.
Around 1000-4000 IU of vitamin D3 is appropriate alongside supplemental HMB to support muscle preservation and bone health.
Foods like catfish, alfalfa, and grapefruit contain small amounts of HMB, which can be beneficial for healthy older adults looking to maintain muscle health. Including these foods in the diet may help healthy older adults support muscle preservation and overall well-being.
HMB in free acid form is the most bioavailable, allowing for quicker absorption and effectiveness. Studies suggest that the free acid form of HMB is particularly beneficial for enhancing muscle recovery and performance.
HMB helps prevent muscle breakdown, supports recovery, and improves body composition, making it particularly beneficial during periods of bed rest. Research shows that HMB can mitigate muscle loss and promote recovery even in situations involving extended bed rest.
Yes, HMB can aid in weight loss by preserving muscle and promoting fat loss.
HMB supports muscle health, enhances recovery, and reduces muscle breakdown.
Costa Riela NA, Alvim Guimarães MM, Oliveira de Almeida D, Araujo EMQ. Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of Clinical Trials. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;77(1):16-22. doi: 10.1159/000514236. Epub 2021 Mar 12. PMID: 33709969.
Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of Clinical Trials
HMB supplementation positively impacts body composition and muscle strength in elderly individuals, particularly in bedridden or sedentary conditions, by promoting muscle preservation and protein anabolism. A dose of 3 g daily has shown the greatest benefits, especially when combined with specific nutrients or supplements.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709969/.
Phillips SM, Lau KJ, D’Souza AC, Nunes EA. An umbrella review of systematic reviews of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate supplementation in ageing and clinical practice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Oct;13(5):2265-2275. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13030. Epub 2022 Jul 12. PMID: 35818771; PMCID: PMC9530546.
An umbrella review of systematic reviews of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate supplementation in ageing and clinical practice
This review of systematic reviews on β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation found inconsistent and limited evidence for its effectiveness in promoting lean soft-tissue mass (LSTM) or strength, and no evidence supporting improvements in physical function in aging or clinical populations. Most studies reported either no effect or insufficient evidence to determine HMB’s impact on these outcomes.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35818771/.
Viana MV, Becce F, Pantet O, Schmidt S, Bagnoud G, Thaden JJ, Ten Have GAM, Engelen MPKJ, Voidey A, Deutz NEP, Berger MM. Impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle loss and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: A RCT. Clin Nutr. 2021 Aug;40(8):4878-4887. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.018. Epub 2021 Jul 22. PMID: 34358832.
Impact of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle loss and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: A RCT
The study found that β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) did not significantly reduce muscle wasting in critically ill ICU patients over 10 days but improved amino acid metabolism, reduced net protein breakdown, increased phase angle, and enhanced global health outcomes. These findings suggest potential benefits of HMB supplementation beyond muscle preservation in critically ill patients.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34358832/.
Gepner Y, Varanoske AN, Boffey D, Hoffman JR. Benefits of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation in trained and untrained individuals. Res Sports Med. 2019 Apr-Jun;27(2):204-218. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1533470. Epub 2018 Oct 22. PMID: 30348016.
Benefits of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation in trained and untrained individuals
HMB, a metabolite of leucine, is used as an ergogenic supplement to enhance muscle strength, hypertrophy, and recovery by promoting muscle protein synthesis and reducing breakdown. While its benefits are not conclusively proven due to methodological flaws in studies, recent evidence highlights its potential efficacy, particularly in maintaining muscle mass and reducing inflammation during intense training, with the free acid form showing greater promise.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30348016/.
Deutz NE, Pereira SL, Hays NP, Oliver JS, Edens NK, Evans CM, Wolfe RR. Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass during 10 days of bed rest in older adults. Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct;32(5):704-12. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.011. Epub 2013 Mar 4. PMID: 23514626.
Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass during 10 days of bed rest in older adults
HMB supplementation in healthy older adults significantly preserved lean body mass during 10 days of complete bed rest compared to a placebo, although no functional improvements were observed, likely due to the study’s small sample size. These findings warrant confirmation in larger trials.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23514626/.
Portal S, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Halevy O, Zadik Z. Effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, fitness, hormonal profile and muscle damage indices. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jul;23(7):641-50. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2010.23.7.641. PMID: 20857835.
Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass duriEffect of HMB supplementation on body composition, fitness, hormonal profile and muscle damage indicesng 10 days of bed rest in older adults
Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), derived from leucine, is an ergogenic supplement shown to enhance muscle mass, strength, and potentially aerobic performance, particularly in untrained individuals. Recent research highlights its mechanisms, including reduced protein degradation, increased synthesis, and cell survival, alongside hormonal interactions, dosage, and safety considerations.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20857835/.
Ferreira SC, Souza NP, Amado LRN, Melo JOF, Reis IA, AnastÔcio LR. The effect of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) with nutritional counselling on anthropometric muscle mass markers, strength, functionality, and quality of life in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation: A double-blind study. Nutrition. 2023 Jun;110:112021. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112021. Epub 2023 Mar 1. PMID: 37099902.
The effect of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) with nutritional counselling on anthropometric muscle mass markers, strength, functionality, and quality of life in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation: A double-blind study
This study evaluated the effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in patients on the liver transplantation waiting list, finding that both HMB and an active control (maltodextrin) with nutritional counseling improved arm circumference, muscle strength, and frailty index over 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between the groups for other variables.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37099902/.
HoleÄek M. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle-wasting conditions. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017 Aug;8(4):529-541. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12208. Epub 2017 May 10. PMID: 28493406; PMCID: PMC5566641.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle-wasting conditions
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, enhances muscle mass, strength, and recovery, particularly in untrained or elderly individuals, when combined with exercise. While effective for reducing muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia, more studies are needed to isolate its specific therapeutic effects, especially in healthy, non-exercising individuals and those with liver disease.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28493406/.
Jówko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, Nissen S. Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition. 2001 Jul-Aug;17(7-8):558-66. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00540-8. PMID: 11448573.
Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program
Creatine (CR) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation independently and additively increased lean body mass (LBM) and strength in individuals undergoing resistance training, with CR showing a significant effect and HMB demonstrating a nitrogen-sparing effect. The study suggests that CR and HMB likely act through different mechanisms.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11448573/.
Prado CM, Orsso CE, Pereira SL, Atherton PJ, Deutz NEP. Effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Jun;13(3):1623-1641. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12952. Epub 2022 Mar 17. PMID: 35301826; PMCID: PMC9178154.
Effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review
HMB supplementation appears to benefit muscle mass and function in cancer patients, with evidence suggesting improvements in hospitalization and survival rates, though effects on quality of life and body weight remain inconclusive. Further well-designed trials are needed to confirm its clinical utility and safety in this population.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35301826/.
Oktaviana J, Zanker J, Vogrin S, Duque G. The Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on Sarcopenia and Functional Frailty in Older Persons: A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(2):145-150. doi: 10.1007/s12603-018-1153-y. PMID: 30697623.
Thomson JS, Watson PE, Rowlands DS. Effects of nine weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta- methylbutyrate supplementation on strength and body composition in resistance trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 May;23(3):827-35. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a00d47. PMID: 19387396.
Chow SK, Chim YN, Cheng KY, Ho CY, Ho WT, Cheng KC, Wong RM, Cheung WH. Elastic-band resistance exercise or vibration treatment in combination with hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplement for management of sarcopenia in older people: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial in Hong Kong. BMJ Open. 2020 Jun 30;10(6):e034921. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034921. PMID: 32606057; PMCID: PMC7328808.
Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Is β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate an effective anabolic agent to improve outcome in older diseased populations? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018 May;21(3):207-213. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000459. PMID: 29406417; PMCID: PMC5882564.
Wilson GJ, Wilson JM, Manninen AH. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise performance and body composition across varying levels of age, sex, and training experience: A review. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Jan 3;5:1. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-1. PMID: 18173841; PMCID: PMC2245953.
FernĆ”ndez-Landa J, Calleja-GonzĆ”lez J, León-GuereƱo P, Caballero-GarcĆa A, Córdova A, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Effect of the Combination of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Sports Performance, Body Composition, Markers of Muscle Damage and Hormone Status: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 20;11(10):2528. doi: 10.3390/nu11102528. PMID: 31635165; PMCID: PMC6835217.
Lin Z, Zhao A, He J. Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the Muscle Strength in the Elderly Population: A Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 13;9:914866. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914866. PMID: 35911112; PMCID: PMC9326439.
Aversa Z, Bonetto A, Costelli P, Minero VG, Penna F, Baccino FM, Lucia S, Rossi Fanelli F, Muscaritoli M. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) attenuates muscle and body weight loss in experimental cancer cachexia. Int J Oncol. 2011 Mar;38(3):713-20. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2010.885. Epub 2010 Dec 23. PMID: 21184031.
Kreider RB, Ferreira M, Wilson M, Almada AL. Effects of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during resistance-training on markers of catabolism, body composition and strength. Int J Sports Med. 1999 Nov;20(8):503-9. doi: 10.1055/s-1999-8835. PMID: 10606212.
Flakoll P, Sharp R, Baier S, Levenhagen D, Carr C, Nissen S. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women. Nutrition. 2004 May;20(5):445-51. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.01.009. PMID: 15105032.
Courel-IbÔñez J, Vetrovsky T, Dadova K, Pallarés JG, Steffl M. Health Benefits of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation in Addition to Physical Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2019 Sep 3;11(9):2082. doi: 10.3390/nu11092082. PMID: 31484462; PMCID: PMC6769498.
Wilkinson DJ, Hossain T, Limb MC, Phillips BE, Lund J, Williams JP, Brook MS, Cegielski J, Philp A, Ashcroft S, Rathmacher JA, Szewczyk NJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clin Nutr. 2018 Dec;37(6 Pt A):2068-2075. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024. Epub 2017 Oct 6. PMID: 29097038; PMCID: PMC6295980.
Slater GJ, Jenkins D. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growth and strength. Sports Med. 2000 Aug;30(2):105-16. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030020-00004. PMID: 10966150.
Peng LN, Cheng YC, Yu PC, Lee WJ, Lin MH, Chen LK. Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(6):767-773. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7. PMID: 34179932.
Rathmacher JA, Pitchford LM, Khoo P, Angus H, Lang J, Lowry K, Ruby C, Krajek AC, Fuller JC, Sharp RL. Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Oct 15;75(11):2089-2097. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa218. PMID: 32857128; PMCID: PMC7566440.
Berton L, Bano G, Carraro S, Veronese N, Pizzato S, Bolzetta F, De Rui M, Valmorbida E, De Ronch I, Perissinotto E, Coin A, Manzato E, Sergi G. Effect of Oral Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Physical Performance in Healthy Old Women Over 65 Years: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 3;10(11):e0141757. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141757. PMID: 26529601; PMCID: PMC4631374.
Prado CM, Orsso CE, Pereira SL, Atherton PJ, Deutz NEP. Effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Jun;13(3):1623-1641. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12952. Epub 2022 Mar 17. PMID: 35301826; PMCID: PMC9178154.
Lattanzi B, Bruni A, Di Cola S, Molfino A, De Santis A, Muscaritoli M, Merli M. The Effects of 12-Week Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Results from a Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 2;13(7):2296. doi: 10.3390/nu13072296. PMID: 34371806; PMCID: PMC8308449.
HoleÄek M. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle-wasting conditions. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017 Aug;8(4):529-541. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12208. Epub 2017 May 10. PMID: 28493406; PMCID: PMC5566641.
Molina-Baena B, Carnicero JA, Pereira SL, GarcĆa-GarcĆa FJ, Santos-Fandila A, Cabrera RR, RodrĆguez-MaƱas L. Association between endogenous plasma beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate levels and frailty in community-dwelling older people. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024 Feb;15(1):231-239. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13394. Epub 2023 Dec 13. PMID: 38087937; PMCID: PMC10834356.
Association between endogenous plasma beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate levels and frailty in community-dwelling older people
A study found an inverse relationship between plasma HMB levels and frailty status in older adults, with lower HMB levels observed in frail individuals. [30] The findings suggest that HMB supplementation could be beneficial for frail older adults with low HMB levels, warranting further clinical trials.
You can read the full article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10834356/.
Molina-Baena B, Carnicero JA, Pereira SL, GarcĆa-GarcĆa FJ, Santos-Fandila A, Cabrera RR, RodrĆguez-MaƱas L. Association between endogenous plasma beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate levels and frailty in community-dwelling older people. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024 Feb;15(1):231-239. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13394. Epub 2023 Dec 13. PMID: 38087937; PMCID: PMC10834356.
Association between endogenous plasma betaāhydroxyābetaāmethylbutyrate levels and frailty in communityādwelling older people
This study found an inverse relationship between plasma HMB levels and frailty status in older adults, with lower HMB levels observed in frail individuals. The findings suggest that HMB supplementation could be beneficial for frail older adults with low HMB levels, warranting further clinical trials.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10834356/.
Wilson GJ, Wilson JM, Manninen AH. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise performance and body composition across varying levels of age, sex, and training experience: A review. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Jan 3;5:1. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-1. PMID: 18173841; PMCID: PMC2245953.
Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise performance and body composition across varying levels of age, sex, and training experience: A review333330
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite widely used as an ergogenic aid to enhance exercise performance and muscle hypertrophy, while addressing conflicting results in existing research. It explores HMB’s mechanisms of action, including its role in cholesterol synthesis and proteolytic pathways, and discusses moderator variables and future research directions.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2245953/.
Kaczka P, Michalczyk MM, JastrzÄ b R, Gawelczyk M, Kubicka K. Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance – A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet. 2019 Aug 21;68:211-222. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0070. PMID: 31531146; PMCID: PMC6724588.
Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance – A Systematic Review
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, enhances muscle protein synthesis, inhibits degradation, and supports muscle hypertrophy through mechanisms like mTOR activation and GH/IGF-1 stimulation. This review highlights HMB’s ergogenic effects on athletes, improving aerobic capacity in endurance sports and strength, body composition, and performance in resistance training.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31531146/.
Bear DE, Langan A, Dimidi E, Wandrag L, Harridge SDR, Hart N, Connolly B, Whelan K. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Apr 1;109(4):1119-1132. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy373. PMID: 30982854.
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation modestly increased skeletal muscle mass and strength in various clinical conditions characterized by muscle loss and weakness, although effect sizes were small and study biases were noted. Further high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical application.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982854/.
Fairfield WD, Minton DM, Elliehausen CJ, Nichol AD, Cook TL, Rathmacher JA, Pitchford LM, Paluska SA, Kuchnia AJ, Allen JM, Konopka AR. Small-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial to Explore the Impact of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Plus Vitamin D3 on Skeletal Muscle Health in Middle Aged Women. Nutrients. 2022 Nov 4;14(21):4674. doi: 10.3390/nu14214674. PMID: 36364934; PMCID: PMC9658601.
Small-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial to Explore the Impact of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Plus Vitamin D3 on Skeletal Muscle Health in Middle Aged Women
The study investigated the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) combined with Vitamin D3 supplementation on skeletal muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in middle-aged women. Results showed that HMB + D reduced IMAT and helped maintain or increase muscle size, particularly in sedentary participants, but did not significantly improve muscle function, suggesting the need for longer studies with larger sample sizes.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36364934/.Ā
Zanchi NE, Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimarães-Ferreira L, de Siqueira Filho MA, Felitti V, Lira FS, Seelaender M, Lancha AH Jr. HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action. Amino Acids. 2011 Apr;40(4):1015-25. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0678-0. Epub 2010 Jul 6. PMID: 20607321.
HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action
This review explores the clinical relevance of leucine metabolites α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) in reducing muscle proteolysis, enhancing protein synthesis, and mitigating muscle damage, highlighting their potential to improve skeletal muscle mass and strength, especially when paired with resistance training or sports. It also delves into the cellular signaling mechanisms underlying these effects.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20607321/.Ā
Durkalec-Michalski K, Jeszka J, Podgórski T. The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 14;9(7):753. doi: 10.3390/nu9070753. PMID: 28708126; PMCID: PMC5537867.
The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
This study examined the effects of HMB supplementation on highly-trained combat sports athletes, revealing significant improvements in body composition (increased fat-free mass and reduced fat mass), aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and performance indicators compared to a placebo, without altering blood marker levels. These findings suggest HMB promotes favorable physical adaptations and enhances athletic performance.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28708126/.
Feng Y, Chen P, Li T, Wan P, Shi R. Effects of exercise with or without β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2024 Sep 18;11:1460133. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1460133. PMID: 39360288; PMCID: PMC11444964.
Effects of exercise with or without β-hydroxy- β-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that exercise combined with HMB supplementation significantly improved gait speed in elderly patients with sarcopenia but had minimal effects on muscle mass, strength, and body composition. Further high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39360288/.
Effects of exercise with or without β-hydroxy- β-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analyDurkalec-Michalski K, Jeszka J, Podgórski T. The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 14;9(7):753. doi: 10.3390/nu9070753. PMID: 28708126; PMCID: PMC5537867.sis
The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that exercise combined with HMB supplementation significantly improved gait speed in elderly patients with sarcopenia but had minimal effects on muscle mass, strength, and body composition. Further high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5537867/
Kaczka P, Michalczyk MM, JastrzÄ b R, Gawelczyk M, Kubicka K. Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance – A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet. 2019 Aug 21;68:211-222. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0070. PMID: 31531146; PMCID: PMC6724588.
Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance – A Systematic Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that exercise combined with HMB supplementation significantly improved gait speed in elderly patients with sarcopenia but had minimal effects on muscle mass, strength, and body composition. Further high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6724588/.
Zhao L, Mohammad M. Testosterone and cortisol responses to Ć-hydroxy Ć-methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta-analysis. Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Apr 15;10(9):2815-2824. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2887. PMID: 36171789; PMCID: PMC9469850.
Testosterone and cortisol responses to Ć-hydroxy Ć-methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta-analysis
This meta-analysis assessed the effects of HMB supplementation on testosterone and cortisol levels in trained athletes. While overall no significant effects were observed, subgroup analyses revealed that HMB reduced cortisol during resistance training and increased testosterone in aerobic and anaerobic combined exercises, highlighting exercise-type-specific benefits.
You can read the abstract of this article at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36171789/.
Jing X, Liang Y, Wang R, Fu H, Jiang J, Yang M. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-enriched nutritional supplements for obese adults during weight loss: study protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 23;12(6):e055420. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055420. PMID: 35738656; PMCID: PMC9226916.
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-enriched nutritional supplements for obese adults during weight loss: study protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HMB-enriched nutritional supplements in improving muscle mass and function in obese adults undergoing calorie restriction. A randomized, double-blind trial involving 72 participants will measure changes in skeletal muscle mass and other body composition parameters over 12 weeks.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35738656/.
Chang CK, Kao SY, Wang CY. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation preserves fat-free mass in collegiate boxers during acute body mass loss. Chin J Physiol. 2023 Nov-Dec;66(6):485-493. doi: 10.4103/cjop.CJOP-D-23-00074. PMID: 38149561.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation preserves fat-free mass in collegiate boxers during acute body mass loss
This study examined the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on body composition and performance in college boxers undergoing acute weight loss. Results showed that HMB helped preserve fat-free mass and maintain heart rate response during simulated matches, though it had no significant impact on metabolic parameters.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38149561/.
Vukovich MD, Stubbs NB, Bohlken RM. Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults. J Nutr. 2001 Jul;131(7):2049-52. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.7.2049. PMID: 11435528.
Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults
This study found that 70-year-old adults participating in an 8-week resistance training program experienced increased fat-free mass and greater body fat loss when supplemented daily with 3 g of HMB compared to a placebo. These findings suggest that HMB supplementation can enhance body composition improvements in older adults similarly to young adults.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11435528/.
Stout JR, Fukuda DH, Kendall KL, Smith-Ryan AE, Moon JR, Hoffman JR. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and resistance exercise significantly reduce abdominal adiposity in healthy elderly men. Exp Gerontol. 2015 Apr;64:33-4. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.012. Epub 2015 Feb 17. PMID: 25700845.
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and resistance exercise significantly reduce abdominal adiposity in healthy elderly men
A 12-week study on 48 elderly men (66ā78 years) found that resistance training (RT) combined with HMB supplementation significantly reduced abdominal fat mass compared to RT alone, HMB alone, or no training with a placebo. These findings suggest that HMB and RT together effectively decrease abdominal adiposity in aging populations.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25700845/.
Rondanelli M, Nichetti M, Peroni G, Naso M, Faliva MA, Iannello G, Di Paolo E, Perna S. Effect of a Food for Special Medical Purposes for Muscle Recovery, Consisting of Arginine, Glutamine and Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate on Body Composition and Skin Health in Overweight and Obese Class I Sedentary Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients. 2021 Mar 17;13(3):975. doi: 10.3390/nu13030975. PMID: 33802917; PMCID: PMC8002755.
Effect of a Food for Special Medical Purposes for Muscle Recovery, Consisting of Arginine, Glutamine and Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate on Body Composition and Skin Health in Overweight and Obese Class I Sedentary Postmenopausal Women
This randomized, double-blinded pilot study demonstrated that a 4-week intake of a food for special medical purposes (FSMP) containing arginine, glutamine, and HMB significantly reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and improved skin health in obese postmenopausal women while preserving fat-free mass, achieving “high-quality” weight loss. Improvements in VAT were correlated with enhanced skin brightness, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33802917/.
Clark RH, Feleke G, Din M, Yasmin T, Singh G, Khan FA, Rathmacher JA. Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000 May-Jun;24(3):133-9. doi: 10.1177/0148607100024003133. PMID: 10850936.
Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
This study investigated the effects of a nutrient mixture (HMB, L-glutamine, and L-arginine) on muscle wasting in AIDS patients, showing significant gains in lean body mass and improvements in immune status compared to a placebo group. The findings suggest that this supplementation could counteract lean tissue loss in AIDS-associated wasting.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10850936/.
Jing X, Liang Y, Wang R, Fu H, Jiang J, Yang M. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-enriched nutritional supplements for obese adults during weight loss: study protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 23;12(6):e055420. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055420. PMID: 35738656; PMCID: PMC9226916.
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-enriched nutritional supplements for obese adults during weight loss: study protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of HMB-enriched nutritional supplements in preserving muscle mass and function during calorie restriction in obese adults. A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 72 participants will assess changes in skeletal muscle mass, body composition, and biomarkers, with findings disseminated through academic publications.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9226916/.
Clements RH, Saraf N, Kakade M, Yellumahanthi K, White M, Hackett JA. Nutritional effect of oral supplement enriched in beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine on resting metabolic rate after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2011 May;25(5):1376-82. doi: 10.1007/s00464-010-1371-9. Epub 2010 Oct 17. PMID: 20953883; PMCID: PMC3199961.
Nutritional effect of oral supplement enriched in beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine on resting metabolic rate after laparoscopic gastric bypass
This study evaluated the effect of an oral HMB/Glu/Arg supplement on lean body mass (LBM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) following laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB). While significant decreases in weight, BMI, LBM, and RMR were observed across all participants, the supplement did not significantly impact these changes but did not hinder weight loss, warranting further investigation into its potential benefits.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20953883/.
Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher JA, Rice D, Fuller JC Jr, Connelly AS, Abumrad N. Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Nov;81(5):2095-104. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2095. PMID: 8941534.
Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training
Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) at 1.5ā3 g/day reduces exercise-induced muscle proteolysis, decreases plasma creatine phosphokinase, and enhances fat-free mass and muscle function during resistance training. These effects were observed in studies involving both moderate (3 days/week) and intense (6 days/week) training regimens.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8941534/.
Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Dec;32(12):2109-15. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200012000-00022. PMID: 11128859.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass
This study investigated the effects of HMB supplementation on strength and fat-free mass (FFM) during 8 weeks of resistance training in untrained men. While HMB did not significantly enhance 1RM strength, the 38 mg/kg/day dose improved peak isometric torque and FFM, with higher doses showing no additional benefits.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11128859/.
Ikeda K, Takahashi M, Aburaya S, Harada D, Ikeda M, Kitagawa Y, Soma Y, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Furuse M. Produced β-hydroxybutyrate after β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) administration may contribute HMB function in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021 Aug 8;27:101097. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101097. PMID: 34401533; PMCID: PMC8358161.
Produced β-hydroxybutyrate after β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) administration may contribute HMB function in mice
This study investigated the effects of HMB supplementation on strength and fat-free mass (FFM) during 8 weeks of resistance training in untrained men. While HMB did not significantly enhance 1RM strength, the 38 mg/kg/day dose improved peak isometric torque and FFM, with higher doses showing no additional benefits.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8358161/.
Ekinci O, Yanık S, TerzioÄlu BebitoÄlu B, Yılmaz Akyüz E, Dokuyucu A, Erdem Å. Effect of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (CaHMB), Vitamin D, and Protein Supplementation on Postoperative Immobilization in Malnourished Older Adult Patients With Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016 Dec;31(6):829-835. doi: 10.1177/0884533616629628. Epub 2016 Jul 9. PMID: 26965178.
Effect of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (CaHMB), Vitamin D, and Protein Supplementation on Postoperative Immobilization in Malnourished Older Adult Patients With Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Study
This randomized controlled study found that supplementation with calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (CaHMB), vitamin D, and protein in elderly female patients with hip fractures significantly improved wound healing, reduced immobilization periods, and increased muscle strength compared to standard postoperative nutrition. The intervention also decreased bed dependence and associated complications without affecting body mass index.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965178/.
Henning PC, Park BS, Kim JS. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate improves bone properties and attenuates the depression of protein synthesis during a simulated sustained operation. Mil Med. 2014 Jun;179(6):679-85. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00421. PMID: 24902137.
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate improves bone properties and attenuates the depression of protein synthesis during a simulated sustained operation
This study examined the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on bone and muscle health in a simulated military operation. HMB improved bone properties and reduced the suppression of protein synthesis, suggesting it could mitigate muscle and bone loss during prolonged physical stress.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24902137/.
Olveira G, Olveira C, DoƱa E, Palenque FJ, Porras N, Dorado A, Godoy AM, Rubio-MartĆnez E, Rojo-MartĆnez G, MartĆn-Valero R. Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study). Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;35(5):1015-22. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 19. PMID: 26522923.
Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study)
A 12-week study compared the effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) alone versus PR combined with a hyperproteic oral nutritional supplement enriched with HMB (PRONS) in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients. The PRONS group showed greater improvements in body composition, bone mineral density, muscle strength, quality of life, and serum biomarkers compared to PR alone, suggesting enhanced benefits from the combined approach.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26522923/.
Tomaszewska E, Donaldson J, KosiÅski J, Dobrowolski P, Tomczyk-Warunek A, HuÅas-Stasiak M, Lamorski K, Laskowska-WoÅŗniak D, MuszyÅski S, Blicharski R, Blicharski T. β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation Prevents Bone Loss during Pregnancy-Novel Evidence from a Spiny Mouse (Acomys cahirinus) Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 17;22(6):3047. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063047. PMID: 33802646; PMCID: PMC8002460.
β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation Prevents Bone Loss during Pregnancy-Novel Evidence from a Spiny Mouse (Acomys cahirinus) Model
This study investigated the effects of Ć-hydroxy-Ć-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during pregnancy on postpartum bone quality in spiny mice. Results showed that HMB supplementation enhanced bone tissue properties, including increased trabecular number and bone stiffness, and improved cartilage composition, preventing bone loss during pregnancy.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33802646/.
Tatara MR, Krupski W, Majer-Dziedzic B. Bone mineral density changes of lumbar spine and femur in osteoporotic patient treated with bisphosphonates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB): Case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Oct;96(41):e8178. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008178. PMID: 29019883; PMCID: PMC5662306.
Bone mineral density changes of lumbar spine and femur in osteoporotic patient treated with bisphosphonates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB): Case report
The study assessed the effects of bisphosphonates (ibandronic and pamidronic acid) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on bone mineral density (BMD) in an osteoporotic patient over six years. The results indicated that HMB significantly improved lumbar spine BMD, showing promise for osteoporosis treatment, while bisphosphonates had site-dependent effects.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29019883/.
Durkalec-Michalski K, Jeszka J. The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):2617-26. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001361. PMID: 26849784.
The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes
This study investigated the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on body composition and aerobic capacity in trained athletes. Results showed that HMB supplementation led to increased fat-free mass, decreased fat mass, and improved aerobic performance, including higher maximal oxygen uptake and extended time to reach ventilatory threshold, without significantly affecting blood markers like testosterone and cortisol.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26849784/.
Arazi H, Taati B, Suzuki K. A Review of the Effects of Leucine Metabolite (β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers: A New Approach to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel). 2018 Oct 20;7(10):148. doi: 10.3390/antiox7100148. PMID: 30347824; PMCID: PMC6210682.
A Review of the Effects of Leucine Metabolite (β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers: A New Approach to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
This review examines the effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in athletes, highlighting its potential to reduce inflammation following intense resistance exercise but finding limited evidence on its impact on cardiovascular health, oxidative stress, or inflammation over the long term. More well-designed studies are needed to clarify HMB’s role in modifying the bodyās inflammatory, antioxidative, and cardiovascular responses during resistance training.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30347824/.
Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller JC Jr. beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8):1937-45. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.8.1937. PMID: 10917905.
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation at 3 g/day was found to be safe in humans, with no adverse effects on tissue health or function. It improved emotional well-being and led to reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10917905/.
Norouzi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Maleki M, Khayyatzadeh SS, Hosseini S, Yaseri M, Fattahi H. Evaluation of the recovery after heart surgery following preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials. 2022 Aug 13;23(1):649. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06621-1. PMID: 35964137; PMCID: PMC9375058.
Evaluation of the recovery after heart surgery following preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
This study investigated the effects of preoperative supplementation with L-glutamine, L-arginine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (Gln/Arg/HMB) in patients undergoing heart surgery. Results showed that the supplementation improved recovery, reduced myocardial injury, and shortened hospital and ICU stays compared to a placebo group.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35964137/.
Ikeda T, Miyazawa R, Inoue E, Iso Y, Nakamura D, Abe S, Hachisu M, Tashiro N, Iguchi A, Aimoto K, Nakamura S, Ichikawa H. Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate calcium combined with exercise therapy in patients with cardiac disease: a study protocol for clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 8;13(2):e066633. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066633. PMID: 36754563; PMCID: PMC9923313.
Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate calcium combined with exercise therapy in patients with cardiac disease: a study protocol for clinical trial
The study investigates the effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB-Ca) supplementation alongside cardiac rehabilitation on muscle strength, mass, and cardiac function in patients with heart disease during recovery. A randomized, controlled trial will compare the outcomes between an HMB-Ca group and a placebo group over a 60-day period.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9923313/.
Barranco A, Garcia L, Gruart A, Delgado-Garcia JM, Rueda R, Ramirez M. Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Working Memory and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Rodents. Nutrients. 2022 Mar 5;14(5):1090. doi: 10.3390/nu14051090. PMID: 35268065; PMCID: PMC8912805.
Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Working Memory and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Rodents
HMB, a metabolite of leucine, preserves muscle mass and strength during aging and may also enhance cognitive function. This study found that HMB supplementation improved hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats and working memory in mice, with effects varying by dose.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8912805/.
Hankosky ER, Sherrill LK, Ruvola LA, Haake RM, Kim T, Hammerslag LR, Kougias DG, Juraska JM, Gulley JM. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate on working memory and cognitive flexibility in an animal model of aging. Nutr Neurosci. 2017 Sep;20(7):379-387. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2016.1145376. Epub 2016 Feb 19. PMID: 26896292.
Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate on working memory and cognitive flexibility in an animal model of aging
This study investigated the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on cognitive decline in aging rats, finding that HMB improved working memory and cognitive flexibility, particularly in middle-aged and older animals. These results suggest HMB could be a promising nutritional intervention for mitigating age-related cognitive deficits.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26896292/.
Munroe M, Mahmassani ZS, Dvoretskiy S, Reid JJ, Miller BF, Hamilton K, Rhodes JS, Boppart MD. Cognitive function is preserved in aged mice following long-term β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate supplementation. Nutr Neurosci. 2020 Mar;23(3):170-182. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1483101. Epub 2018 Jun 19. PMID: 29914347.
Cognitive function is preserved in aged mice following long-term β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate supplementation
Long-term supplementation with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) did not prevent age-related declines in muscle mass, strength, or protein synthesis in aged mice but attenuated age-dependent cognitive decline, suggesting potential cognitive benefits without muscle preservation effects. The study also found that HMB did not reverse age-related changes in muscle-resident pericytes or affect brain-resident pericytes.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29914347/.
GutiĆ©rrez-Reguero H, BuendĆa-Romero Ć, Franco-López F, MartĆnez-Cava A, HernĆ”ndez-Belmonte A, Courel-IbƔƱez J, Ara I, Alcazar J, PallarĆ©s JG. Effects of multicomponent training and HMB supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function in institutionalized older adults aged over 70 years: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 May;28(5):100208. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100208. Epub 2024 Mar 14. PMID: 38489992.
Effects of multicomponent training and HMB supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function in institutionalized older adults aged over 70 years: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
A 12-week multicomponent exercise program significantly improved cognitive and physical function, as well as muscle power, in institutionalized older adults, while β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation alone or combined with exercise provided no additional benefits. These findings highlight the critical role of tailored exercise interventions in enhancing health and quality of life for older adults in nursing homes.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38489992/.
GutiĆ©rrez-Reguero H, BuendĆa-Romero Ć, Franco-López F, MartĆnez-Cava A, HernĆ”ndez-Belmonte A, Courel-IbƔƱez J, Ara I, Alcazar J, PallarĆ©s JG. Effects of multicomponent training and HMB supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function in institutionalized older adults aged over 70 years: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 May;28(5):100208. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100208. Epub 2024 Mar 14. PMID: 38489992.
Effects of multicomponent training and HMB supplementation on disability, cognitive and physical function in institutionalized older adults aged over 70 years: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
A 12-week multicomponent exercise program (Vivifrail) significantly improved cognitive and physical function, as well as muscle power, in institutionalized older adults, while HMB supplementation alone or combined with exercise provided no additional benefits. These findings highlight the critical role of tailored physical exercise in enhancing the health and quality of life of very old individuals.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35268065/.
Kougias DG, Hankosky ER, Gulley JM, Juraska JM. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) ameliorates age-related deficits in water maze performance, especially in male rats. Physiol Behav. 2017 Mar 1;170:93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.025. Epub 2016 Dec 27. PMID: 28038406.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) ameliorates age-related deficits in water maze performance, especially in male rats
This study investigates the cognitive effects of long-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on visuospatial learning and memory in aging rats. The results show that HMB supplementation improved spatial memory performance in both male and female rats, with a more pronounced benefit observed in males, particularly in the Morris water maze test.
You can read the abstract of this article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28038406/.
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