GENEMEDICS APP
GENEMEDICS NUTRITION
Overall Health Benefits of Anastrozole
Anastrozole benefits include reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women by lowering estrogen levels, and it can also be used to prevent breast cancer in high-risk women. Additionally, it may help induce ovulation in women with PCOS undergoing fertility treatment.
- Combats cancer [1-39]
- Increases pregnancy rate [40-55]
- Improves sperm quality [56-71]
- Improves body composition [72-74]
Key Takeaways
- Breast Cancer Treatment: Anastrozole is primarily used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women by lowering estrogen levels, which helps prevent cancer growth.
- Prevention of Recurrence: It helps reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence in women who have already undergone surgery or radiation therapy.
- Fertility Treatment: Off-label, anastrozole can be used to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), improving fertility chances.
- Postmenopausal Use: Anastrozole is most effective in postmenopausal women as it targets the primary source of estrogen in this group: the conversion of androgens to estrogen.
- Side Effects: Common side effects of anastrozole may include hot flashes, joint pain, and bone thinning, making it essential for patients to be monitored during treatment.
What is Anastrozole?
Anastrozole, also known as Arimidex, is a drug prescribed for the treatment of breast cancer in women who have been through menopause and those with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. This anti-estrogen drug may also be used as a preventive method to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women who have a family history of the disease. Men with breast cancer may also be treated with anastrozole.
How does Anastrozole Work?
Anastrozole belongs to a class of medications called nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. It works by inhibiting the production of the hormone estrogen by blocking aromatase, an enzyme that converts the hormone androgen into small amounts of estrogen. This mechanism results in less estrogen available to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells.
What is the Effect of Unbalanced Aromatase?
Unbalanced aromatase is associated with fluctuations in estradiol, the main form of estrogen. Although estradiol production is a common problem in women, men also need to maintain balanced levels of this hormone. Since men do not have ovaries (where large amounts of estradiol are produced), estradiol in men is produced in fat cells, liver, and testicles through a complex process that requires aromatase. For optimal health, men and women should have an estradiol level of 18-30 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL).
As men age, aromatase activity in their bodies dramatically increases, resulting in higher estradiol and lower testosterone levels. Aside from old age, men on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can also experience an increase in estradiol and dihydrotestosterone (a stronger version of testosterone). Elevated levels of estradiol can cause unpleasant symptoms in men such as:
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Decreased muscle mass
- Emotional disturbances such as anxiety and depression
- Enlarged breasts (gynecomastia)
- Fatigue
- Increased abdominal fat
- Sexual dysfunction (decreased libido and erectile dysfunction)
- Type 2 diabetes
On the other hand, men can also produce too little aromatase, resulting in low estrogen levels. This causes serious health problems such as:
- Bone problems
- Depression and anxiety
- Erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue
- Increased body fat
- Irritability
Chemical Structure of Anastrozole
Research on Anastrozole
A. Combats Cancer
Anastrozole combats cancer by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogen. By blocking this enzyme, Anastrozole significantly reduces estrogen levels in the body. Since some types of breast cancer, particularly hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, rely on estrogen to grow and spread, lowering estrogen levels helps to slow or stop the growth of these cancer cells. This makes Anastrozole an effective treatment for postmenopausal women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer.
- In postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, significant survival advantages and improvement in quality of life parameters were observed in subjects treated with anastrozole at 1 mg/day. [1]
- In postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer, treatment with anastrozole beyond 5 years further reduced the risk of breast cancer recurrence. [2]
- Phase III clinical trials have also demonstrated that anastrozole dramatically delays tumor progression compared with tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen drug, in postmenopausal women with advanced estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. [3]
- Anastrozole treatment at doses of 1 and 10 mg once daily has also been found to be effective in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer who benefited from tamoxifen treatment. [4]
- Long-term follow-up data from the ATAC (Anastrozole, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial confirmed the efficacy of anastrozole in the treatment of hormone-sensitive early breast cancer in postmenopausal women. [5]
- A study found that anastrozole has been used in the chemoprevention and treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women. [6]
- A cell study found that treatment of tumor cells with anastrozole led to significant suppression of tumor cell growth. [7]
- Studies found that anti-estrogen treatment is associated with a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality. [8-9]
- In postmenopausal women with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, anastrozole slowed the time to when cancer progressed. [10]
- In a postmenopausal woman with advanced breast cancer which spread to the lungs, anastrozole treatment resulted in marked regression of the lung tumor. [11]
- In an animal model of lung cancer, anastrozole combined with ibuprofen showed enhanced anti-tumor effects. [12-13]
- A cell study found that anastrozole induced growth suppression and cell cycle arrest of breast cancer cells. [14]
- A 2017 study published in Saudi Medical Journal found that anastrozole showed anti-cancer activities against breast, liver, and prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. [15]
- In women who took anastrozole 1 mg per day for 5 years, a 49% reduction in breast cancer was observed. [16]
- In postmenopausal women, anastrozole has been found to have a more favorable overall risk-benefit profile and lower recurrence rate of breast cancer than tamoxifen. [17]
- In postmenopausal women with breast cancer, treatment with anastrozole at 1 mg or 10 mg once daily for 28 days improved symptoms by reducing estrogen levels. [18]
- The International Breast Cancer Intervention Study II (IBIS-II) trial found that anastrozole can help reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with an increased risk of cancer. [19]
- A review of several clinical trials found that anastrozole has superior efficacy to tamoxifen in the treatment of early breast cancer. [20]
- In postmenopausal women who are at increased risk for breast cancer, treatment with anastrozole at 1 mg/day in addition to chemotherapeutic drugs has been recommended as the standard therapy. [21]
- When combined with testosterone therapy, anastrozole significantly reduced the growth and multiplication of human breast cancer cells. [22]
- Several studies support that anastrozole significantly reduces the occurrence of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which lowers estrogen levelsāa key factor in the development and progression of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. [23-37]
- An economic model based on the ATAC trial and Canadian healthcare data found that while Anastrozole costs 5,796 CAD more per patient than Tamoxifen, it reduces the risk of breast cancer returning by 5.6% and the risk of dying from breast cancer by 2.8%, making it a cost-effective and effective treatment for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. [38]
- Anastrozole, while more effective than Tamoxifen for treating early hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women, increases bone turnover and causes significant bone loss at the spine and hip after one year, especially in women with recent menopause, low body mass index, or strong estrogen suppression, but this bone loss can be prevented at the hip and reduced at the spine with the use of the bisphosphonate risedronate. [39]
B. Increases Pregnancy Rate
Anastrozole may increase pregnancy rates in certain cases by reducing estrogen levels and promoting hormonal balance. In women with ovulatory disorders, lowering estrogen through aromatase inhibition increases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Elevated FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, enhancing ovulation. Anastrozole is sometimes used as an alternative to medications like clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction, particularly in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or unexplained infertility. By improving ovulation frequency and quality, it can increase the chances of conception.
- In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome who are resistant to the fertility medication clomiphene, anastrozole induced ovulation and is associated with a 15.1% pregnancy rate. [40]
- A 2013 study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that anastrozole is effective at inducing ovulation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and unexplained infertility. [41]
- Studies found that women treated with anastrozole had a higher pregnancy rate compared with subjects who received clomiphene citrate. [42-44]
- In women with endometriosis-associated infertility, anastrozole increased the pregnancy rate by 45% via inhibition of the growth of endometriotic cells. [45-46]
- A study showed that anastrozole does not only increase the pregnancy rate in women with endometriosis but it also helps relieve unpleasant symptoms such as pain and bone problems. [47]
- In infertile women, treatment with 1 mg of anastrozole daily resulted in favorable pregnancy outcomes. [48]
- In clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, anastrozole increased ovulation and pregnancy rate. [49]
- Several studies support that anastrozole improves ovulation by lowering estrogen levels through aromatase inhibition, which increases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production and enhances ovarian response. [50-55]
C. Improves Sperm Quality
Anastrozole can improve sperm quality by reducing estrogen levels in men. Elevated estrogen can disrupt the hormonal balance necessary for healthy sperm production. Anastrozole, as an aromatase inhibitor, blocks the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, increasing testosterone levels. Higher testosterone supports spermatogenesis (sperm production), leading to improved sperm count, motility, and morphology. This hormonal balance may benefit men with low testosterone or estrogen-related fertility issues.
- In infertile men with low sperm count, anastrozole treatment resulted in an improvement in sperm concentration, motility (the ability of sperm to move and reach the egg), and structure. [56]
- A study found that anastrozole can treat male infertility by raising testosterone levels. [57]
- A 2018 study published in BJU International found that combination therapy with anastrozole and clomiphene citrate is a safe and effective alternative for subfertile men with elevated estradiol levels or low testosterone: estradiol ratio. [58]
- In men with low sperm count, semen analysis before and during anastrozole treatment found an increase in semen volume, sperm concentration, and motility index. [59]
- In men with low testosterone levels, treatment with 1 mg anastrozole daily significantly improved sperm parameters. [60]
- A 2012 study published in Fertility and Sterility found that treatment with 1 mg anastrozole orally every day for 6 months improved both hormonal and semen parameters in men with abnormally low sperm count. [61]
- A study found anastrozole (1Ā mg once daily) can treat male infertility by increasing the production of mature sperm cells (spermatogenesis). [62]
- In men with infertility secondary to morbid obesity, treatment with anastrozole normalized blood testosterone levels and spermatogenesis. [63]
- In men with low sperm count and men without sperm, anastrozole treatment resulted in a higher success rate of in vitro fertilization. [64]
- Several studies have found that Anastrozole significantly improves all evaluated hormonal and seminal outcomes while maintaining a safe tolerability profile. [65-71]
D. Improves Body Composition
Anastrozole improves body composition by reducing estrogen levels through the inhibition of the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens into estrogen. Lower estrogen levels can decrease fat accumulation and promote a leaner physique, as estrogen is linked to increased fat storage. Additionally, by maintaining higher androgen (testosterone) levels, Anastrozole may support muscle retention and growth, leading to improved muscle-to-fat ratio. This effect is particularly beneficial in conditions where estrogen dominance contributes to excess fat and reduced muscle mass.
- In women with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy, anastrozole treatment resulted in an increase in lean body mass and free testosterone levels. [72]
- In patients with morbid obesity, anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors reversed the deposition of abdominal fat. [73]
- In animal models, the combination treatment of aromatase inhibitors and testosterone led to a significant decrease in body fat mass. [74]
Anastrozole Side Effects
Anastrozole side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on anastrozole. However, these side effects werenāt confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of anastrozole. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with anastrozole even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.
Side effects associated with anastrozole may include the following:
- Blurred vision
- Bone pain
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Nervousness
- Pounding in the ears
- Slow or fast heartbeat
- Swelling of the feet or lower legs
Anastrozole for Men
Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor primarily used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but it has gained attention for its off-label use in men. It works by blocking the enzyme aromatase, which converts testosterone into estrogen. This can be beneficial for men with conditions like gynecomastia, low testosterone due to high estrogen levels, or those undergoing testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) who want to prevent estrogen-related side effects.
In men, anastrozole is sometimes prescribed to help maintain a balanced testosterone-to-estrogen ratio, especially in athletes or bodybuilders using anabolic steroids. Excess estrogen in men can lead to symptoms such as water retention, mood swings, and decreased libido. By lowering estrogen, anastrozole may help enhance testosterone levels and improve overall hormonal balance, though its long-term effects on male health are still being studied.
However, anastrozole is not without risks. Overuse can lead to excessively low estrogen, which is crucial for bone health, cardiovascular function, and mood regulation. Some men may experience joint pain, fatigue, or decreased bone density if estrogen levels drop too low. Therefore, its use should be carefully monitored by a healthcare provider through regular blood tests to ensure optimal hormonal balance.
Anastrozole vs Tamoxifen
Anastrozole and tamoxifen are both medications used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that works by blocking the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogen. By reducing estrogen levels, anastrozole helps slow the growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. It is typically prescribed for postmenopausal women as part of adjuvant therapy or for metastatic breast cancer.
Tamoxifen, on the other hand, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue while acting as an estrogen agonist in other tissues, such as bones and the uterus. This dual action makes tamoxifen effective in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. It is commonly used for breast cancer prevention in high-risk individuals and as an adjuvant therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence.
While both drugs are effective, they have different side effect profiles. Anastrozole is more likely to cause joint pain, osteoporosis, and an increased risk of fractures due to its estrogen-lowering effects. Tamoxifen, however, carries a higher risk of blood clots, endometrial cancer, and hot flashes. The choice between the two depends on factors such as menopausal status, individual risk factors, and tolerability of side effects.
Anastrozole vs Letrozole
Anastrozole and letrozole are both aromatase inhibitors commonly used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. They work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogen, thereby reducing estrogen levels in the body. Lowering estrogen levels helps slow the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors and reduces the risk of cancer recurrence.
While both drugs are effective, some differences exist between them. Letrozole is often considered slightly more potent in suppressing estrogen, which may make it more effective in certain cases, such as in fertility treatments or advanced-stage breast cancer. On the other hand, anastrozole is sometimes preferred due to a potentially lower risk of certain side effects, such as joint pain or osteoporosis, though both medications have similar safety profiles.
Choosing between anastrozole and letrozole depends on individual patient factors, including tolerability, preexisting conditions, and specific treatment goals. Some studies suggest minor differences in long-term outcomes, but both are widely used and considered first-line options in hormone therapy. Ultimately, the decision is best made in consultation with a healthcare provider based on the patient’s medical history and response to treatment.
Long Term Side Effects of Anastrozole
Anastrozole, a medication commonly used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, can have long-term side effects that impact various systems in the body. One of the most significant concerns is bone health, as anastrozole reduces estrogen levels, leading to decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Patients on long-term therapy may require bone density monitoring and calcium or vitamin D supplementation to mitigate this risk.
Another potential long-term effect is joint pain and stiffness, which can significantly affect quality of life. Many patients experience persistent musculoskeletal discomfort, which may limit mobility and daily activities. In some cases, this side effect is severe enough to prompt discontinuation of the drug or the need for pain management strategies, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or exercise regimens.
Additionally, anastrozole can contribute to cardiovascular issues, as estrogen plays a protective role in heart health. Long-term use may lead to an increased risk of hypertension, high cholesterol, and other cardiovascular complications. While the absolute risk varies among individuals, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and monitoring cardiovascular markers are often recommended to reduce potential harm.
Anastrozole Dosage
Anastrozole is typically prescribed at a standard dosage of 1 mg per day for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is taken orally, with or without food, and should be taken at the same time each day for consistency. The medication works by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogen, thereby reducing estrogen levels in the body.
Dosage adjustments are generally not required for elderly patients or those with mild-to-moderate liver or kidney impairment. However, individuals with severe hepatic impairment may require closer monitoring due to potential changes in drug metabolism. Patients should always follow their healthcare providerās recommendations and avoid altering the dosage without medical guidance, as improper use can impact treatment effectiveness and increase the risk of side effects.
Common side effects of anastrozole include joint pain, hot flashes, fatigue, and bone thinning. Long-term use may increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, so doctors may recommend bone density monitoring and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D. If severe side effects occur, such as signs of liver dysfunction or severe allergic reactions, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Nastrozole Drug Classification
Anastrozole is classified as an aromatase inhibitor, a type of medication used primarily in the treatment of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. By inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, it prevents the conversion of androgens into estrogen, a hormone that can stimulate the growth of certain types of breast cancer. As a result, it reduces the levels of estrogen in the body, slowing or stopping the growth of hormone-dependent tumors.
This drug is typically prescribed for adjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients following surgery, as well as for advanced breast cancer or metastatic cases. Anastrozole may also be used in certain cases to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. It is often considered an alternative to tamoxifen, another anti-estrogen medication, particularly for postmenopausal women, as it does not carry the risk of uterine cancer that tamoxifen does.
Anastrozole is administered orally, usually in tablet form, and is generally well tolerated. However, common side effects include hot flashes, joint pain, fatigue, and bone thinning, which may increase the risk of fractures. Long-term use requires monitoring for bone health and other potential side effects.
Anastrozole Bodybuilding
Anastrozole is a medication primarily used to treat breast cancer by lowering estrogen levels in the body. In bodybuilding, some individuals use it to manage estrogenic side effects from anabolic steroid use. Anabolic steroids can increase estrogen levels, leading to issues such as gynecomastia (development of breast tissue in men). Anastrozole works by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which is responsible for converting androgens to estrogen, helping to keep estrogen levels in check and potentially preventing these unwanted side effects.
While some bodybuilders use anastrozole to control estrogen, its use is controversial, especially for those who aren’t under medical supervision. Estrogen plays a key role in muscle growth and joint health, and reducing it too much can hinder progress in both areas. Excessively low estrogen levels may also lead to other negative side effects, such as bone density loss, mood changes, and cardiovascular risks. Therefore, bodybuilders who choose to use anastrozole often do so with caution, aiming to strike a balance between preventing estrogen-related side effects and maintaining optimal health.
It’s important to note that using anastrozole or any other medication without a prescription or medical oversight can be dangerous. While it may offer short-term benefits in terms of managing estrogen levels during a cycle, long-term use of anastrozole without medical guidance can have serious health consequences. Athletes and bodybuilders should prioritize their health and consider safer alternatives or consult a healthcare provider to ensure they are using substances responsibly.
Anastrozole Indication
Anastrozole is a medication primarily indicated for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It works by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogen. By reducing estrogen levels, anastrozole helps prevent the growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells.
In addition to its use in breast cancer treatment, anastrozole is also prescribed as an adjuvant therapy following surgery in patients with early-stage breast cancer. It is often preferred over other treatments like tamoxifen due to its favorable side-effect profile and its effectiveness in reducing the risk of cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women.
Anastrozole may also be used off-label for other conditions, such as reducing the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women, though this is less common. It is typically well-tolerated but can cause side effects like hot flashes, joint pain, and bone thinning, which require careful management during treatment.
Anastrozole Contraindications
Anastrozole is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Those who have had an allergic reaction to anastrozole should avoid its use, as it could lead to severe reactions such as swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing. Itās also not recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding due to the potential harm it may cause to a developing fetus or infant.
Additionally, anastrozole is contraindicated in premenopausal women, as it is designed to lower estrogen levels and is ineffective in this population. In premenopausal women, ovarian function is still active, which can counteract the effects of the medication. The use of anastrozole is only approved for postmenopausal women or for those with specific medical conditions such as breast cancer where hormone suppression is necessary.
Patients with severe liver impairment should also avoid using anastrozole or use it with caution under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Liver dysfunction can alter the metabolism of the drug, leading to increased drug concentrations in the body, which could enhance the risk of side effects. Regular monitoring of liver function is advised for patients on anastrozole, especially those with preexisting liver conditions.
Anastrozole Drug Interactions
Anastrozole is a medication commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. While it can be effective, it is important to be aware of potential drug interactions that could affect its efficacy or cause adverse effects. One significant interaction is with drugs that affect the CYP450 enzyme system, particularly CYP2A6, as anastrozole is metabolized by this pathway. Medications such as tamoxifen, which are used in breast cancer treatment, may interfere with anastrozole’s effectiveness due to competing metabolic processes.
Certain anticonvulsants, including carbamazepine and phenytoin, may also interact with anastrozole by increasing its metabolism, potentially reducing its therapeutic effect. This can be problematic, especially in patients who rely on anastrozole for controlling breast cancer. On the other hand, some antifungal agents like ketoconazole can inhibit the metabolism of anastrozole, which may lead to increased blood levels of the drug and a higher risk of side effects.
Additionally, anastrozole may interact with other medications that affect bone mineral density. As it can reduce estrogen levels, patients on anastrozole are at increased risk for osteoporosis. Concurrent use with bisphosphonates or denosumab for bone protection may be necessary, but this combination should be monitored carefully to avoid complications such as excessive suppression of bone turnover. Always consult a healthcare provider to assess the risks of drug interactions when taking anastrozole.
Arimidex
Arimidex, also known by its generic name anastrozole, is a medication primarily used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It works by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogens. By reducing estrogen levels in the body, Arimidex helps prevent the growth of estrogen-dependent cancer cells.
Typically, Arimidex is prescribed after surgery or radiation to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. It is often used as part of adjuvant therapy and may be prescribed for a period of 5 to 10 years depending on individual circumstances. It can also be used to treat advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women, particularly when other treatments like tamoxifen have proven ineffective.
Common side effects of Arimidex include hot flashes, joint pain, and nausea. Long-term use may lead to bone thinning or osteoporosis, so monitoring bone health is important during treatment. Despite its benefits in treating breast cancer, it is not suitable for premenopausal women or men with breast cancer, as its mechanism relies on low estrogen levels found in postmenopausal women.
Foods to Avoid When Taking Anastrozole
When taking anastrozole, a medication commonly prescribed for breast cancer treatment, it’s important to avoid certain foods that may interfere with its effectiveness or increase side effects. One such food group is those high in phytoestrogens, such as soy products. These compounds, found in foods like tofu, tempeh, and soy milk, can mimic estrogen in the body and potentially reduce the medicationās effectiveness, as anastrozole works by lowering estrogen levels.
In addition to soy, itās advisable to limit the consumption of foods rich in fat, especially saturated fats. Diets high in unhealthy fats can lead to increased levels of cholesterol, which may complicate the side effects of anastrozole, particularly on bone health. Maintaining a heart-healthy diet can help mitigate the risks of cardiovascular issues, which are more common with long-term use of the drug.
Lastly, alcohol should be consumed cautiously while on anastrozole. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the metabolism of the drug, potentially decreasing its effectiveness. It can also exacerbate the side effects of the medication, such as hot flashes or fatigue, and negatively impact liver function, further complicating the treatment. Moderation is key when drinking alcohol while undergoing treatment with anastrozole.
Anastrozole Brand Name
Anastrozole is a medication commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. It belongs to a class of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors, which work by reducing the levels of estrogen in the body. Since estrogen can promote the growth of certain types of breast cancer, lowering its levels helps slow or stop the growth of these cancers.
The most well-known brand name for anastrozole is Arimidex, which is widely prescribed for patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Arimidex has become a standard treatment for many women as part of both adjuvant therapy (after surgery) and metastatic cancer treatment. It is typically taken orally, once a day, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Anastrozole is generally well-tolerated, but it can come with side effects, including hot flashes, joint pain, and bone thinning. Patients are often monitored for these side effects, and their healthcare providers may recommend additional treatments to manage them. Arimidex has proven to be a key medication in improving survival rates and reducing cancer recurrence in many women with breast cancer.
What are the Major Side Effects of Anastrozole
Anastrozole is a medication commonly used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women by reducing estrogen levels. While it is effective in its role, it can cause a variety of side effects. One of the most common side effects is hot flashes, which occur due to the reduction in estrogen. These sudden feelings of warmth can be uncomfortable and may lead to sweating and redness.
Another major side effect of anastrozole is joint pain or stiffness, particularly in the hands, knees, or hips. This condition, known as arthralgia, can be debilitating and may interfere with daily activities. Some patients also report bone thinning, which increases the risk of fractures, making it important for those on anastrozole to monitor bone health.
Anastrozole can also lead to fatigue, nausea, and headaches in some patients. Although these symptoms are usually mild, they can still affect a person’s quality of life. Additionally, the drug can increase cholesterol levels, which may require monitoring and adjustments to diet or medication to manage cardiovascular health. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to managing these potential side effects.
Does Anastrozole Cause Weight Gain?
Anastrozole, a medication commonly prescribed to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, is known to inhibit estrogen production, which can slow or stop the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors. While weight gain is not listed as a direct side effect of anastrozole, many patients report changes in their weight during treatment. These changes could be due to a variety of factors, including the medicationās impact on metabolism and muscle mass.
Some studies suggest that anastrozole can lead to a loss of lean body mass, which may be mistaken for weight gain if patients retain more fat, especially abdominal fat. The changes in body composition could also be exacerbated by the menopause-like symptoms that anastrozole can induce, such as hot flashes, fatigue, and decreased physical activity, all of which can contribute to weight gain.
However, the evidence linking anastrozole directly to weight gain remains inconclusive. It’s important for patients to monitor their diet, exercise, and overall health during treatment. If weight gain becomes a concern, discussing it with a healthcare provider is essential, as they can help determine if the weight changes are related to the medication or other factors.
When to take Anastrozole with Testosterone?
Anastrozole is commonly prescribed alongside testosterone therapy to manage estrogen levels, as testosterone can be converted into estrogen through a process called aromatization. In men receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), anastrozole is used to prevent excessive estrogen buildup, which can lead to unwanted side effects like gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue) and fluid retention. The timing of when to take anastrozole with testosterone largely depends on the individualās treatment plan and specific needs.
For most patients, anastrozole is typically taken once daily or on alternate days, depending on the dosage prescribed by their healthcare provider. Some may take it at the same time as their testosterone injection or oral dose, while others may be instructed to take it separately. Since anastrozole works by inhibiting the aromatization process, it is important to follow the prescribed schedule to maintain optimal estrogen levels without interfering with the benefits of testosterone therapy.
It is important to monitor estrogen levels and any side effects regularly when using anastrozole with testosterone. Blood tests can help determine whether anastrozole is needed at all or if adjustments in dosage should be made. Overuse of anastrozole can lead to low estrogen, which may result in negative effects like joint pain, fatigue, and reduced bone density. Therefore, working closely with a healthcare provider to adjust the dosage and timing is essential to achieving the best therapeutic outcomes.
Anastrozole Uses
Anastrozole is a medication commonly used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It works by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogen. Since some types of breast cancer rely on estrogen to grow, reducing estrogen levels helps slow the progression of the disease.
Anastrozole is also prescribed as a preventive treatment for breast cancer in high-risk women. By lowering estrogen levels, it reduces the likelihood of developing breast cancer in women who have a family history or other risk factors. The drug is typically used for a duration of five years to ensure long-term protection.
In addition to breast cancer, anastrozole may be used off-label for other conditions such as fertility treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In these cases, the drug may help induce ovulation by reducing estrogen levels, thus improving the chances of conception. However, this use is less common and is typically guided by a healthcare professional.
FAQ
What is the purpose of taking anastrozole?
Anastrozole is used primarily to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women by lowering estrogen levels, which can slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. Talk to your doctor to determine if this medication is right for you. It is also sometimes used off-label in men to manage high estrogen levels; however, talk to your doctor before using it for this purpose. Since anastrozole affects hormone levels, it may have side effects, so always talk to your doctor about potential risks and benefits.
Does anastrozole cause weight gain?
Weight gain is a possible side effect of anastrozole, but it is not common. Some individuals may experience stomach pain along with changes in metabolism, leading to either weight gain or difficulty losing weight. If stomach pain persists, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Additionally, stomach pain may be accompanied by other digestive issues, requiring further evaluation.
Is anastrozole a form of chemotherapy?
No, anastrozole is not chemotherapy. It is a type of hormone therapy (aromatase inhibitor) that blocks estrogen production, whereas chemotherapy directly kills cancer cells. Anastrozole is not recommended for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, as it may affect breast milk production.
Does anastrozole stop cancer from spreading?
Anastrozole can help prevent the spread (metastasis) or recurrence of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer by reducing estrogen levels, which cancer cells rely on to grow. However, it does not work for all types of breast cancer and may cause side effects such as a sore throat in some patients.
What to avoid when taking anastrozole?
Avoid estrogen-containing products (such as hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills), excessive alcohol, and certain medications or supplements that may interfere with anastrozoleās effectiveness. Always consult a doctor before taking new medications or supplements.
Does anastrozole make you very tired?
Fatigue is a common side effect of anastrozole. Some individuals experience mild tiredness, while others may have more severe fatigue, which can sometimes be linked to high cholesterol levels.
What does anastrozole do for the body?
Anastrozole inhibits the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogen. A health care professional may prescribe this medication to lower estrogen levels in the body, reducing the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors and managing estrogen-related conditions. It is important to consult a health care professional before starting anastrozole to ensure its appropriate use and monitor potential side effects.
Is anastrozole a high-risk medication?
While anastrozole is generally well-tolerated, it carries risks such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular issues, and joint pain. It may also affect blood vessels, potentially contributing to cardiovascular concerns. It should be used under medical supervision, especially in patients with risk factors for these conditions
What does anastrozole do to men?
In men, anastrozole lowers estrogen levels, which can help with conditions such as gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue), high estrogen-related symptoms, and hormonal imbalances. It is sometimes used in bodybuilding to prevent estrogen-related side effects of anabolic steroid use.
How long does it take for anastrozole to lower estrogen in men?
Anastrozole begins reducing estrogen levels within a few hours, but significant changes may take several days to a few weeks, depending on individual response and dosage. It is important to monitor patients for potential risks, including heart disease, during treatment.
What happens to your body when you take anastrozole?
Estrogen levels decrease, leading to effects such as reduced breast cancer cell growth (in women), prevention of gynecomastia (in men), potential bone density loss, joint pain, and hot flashes, depending on the dosage forms used.
Does anastrozole help with weight loss in men?
Anastrozole may contribute to weight loss in men by reducing estrogen-related fat retention, but it is not a weight-loss drug. Its effects on body composition vary among individuals, and some may experience side effects such as a skin ras
Is anastrozole safer than tamoxifen?
Anastrozole and tamoxifen have different safety profiles. Anastrozole may have a lower risk of blood clots and uterine cancer compared to tamoxifen but has a higher risk of osteoporosis and joint pain. Safety depends on individual health factors.
When should I switch from tamoxifen to anastrozole?
A switch from tamoxifen to anastrozole is often recommended after 2ā3 years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women, or sooner if there are side effects. The decision should be made by a doctor based on individual risk factors.
What is the new drug better than tamoxifen?
Drugs like anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane (aromatase inhibitors) are often considered superior to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Additionally, newer targeted therapies like CDK4/6 inhibitors may offer improved outcomes. However, patients should be aware of potential side effects such as trouble breathing, which requires immediate medical attention.
What is better, anastrozole or letrozole?
Both drugs are similar in effectiveness, but some studies suggest letrozole may slightly improve disease-free survival rates. However, side effects differ, and the best choice depends on individual tolerance and doctor recommendations. If a missed dose occurs, it’s important to follow the specific instructions on how to proceed to ensure proper treatment effectiveness.
Which is the most effective aromatase inhibitor?
Letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane are the three main aromatase inhibitors. Letrozole is often considered the most potent, but anastrozole and exemestane are also highly effective. The best choice depends on the patient’s condition and side effect tolerance.
Which breast cancer drug has the least side effects?
Tamoxifen generally has fewer musculoskeletal side effects than aromatase inhibitors but carries a higher risk of blood clots and endometrial cancer. Among aromatase inhibitors, exemestane may have a slightly better side effect profile than arimidex anastrozole and letrozole.
Does anastrozole have long-term effects?
Yes, anastrozole can have long-term effects, including bone density loss (osteoporosis), joint pain, cardiovascular risks, and potential cognitive effects such as memory issues. In case of an overdose or adverse reactions, it’s important to contact a poison control center for immediate assistance.
What is the percentage of breast cancer recurrence while taking anastrozole?
The recurrence rate varies, but studies show that anastrozole reduces the risk of recurrence by approximately 40% compared to tamoxifen. The 10-year recurrence risk for early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients taking anastrozole is around 10-15%.
What foods should be avoided with anastrozole?
Foods that may interfere with anastrozole include:
- Soy products (tofu, soy milk, soy protein) due to their estrogen-like effects.
- Alcohol (may increase bone loss and liver strain).
- Processed foods high in sugar and unhealthy fats (can contribute to inflammation and weight gain).
- Grapefruit and grapefruit juice (may affect drug metabolism).
Do you feel better after stopping anastrozole?
Some patients report relief from joint pain, hot flashes, and fatigue after stopping anastrozole. However, stopping the drug may increase the risk of cancer recurrence, so the decision should be made with a healthcare provider, who may also consider other medicines as part of the treatment plan.
What is the classification of aromatase inhibitors?
Aromatase inhibitors are classified as hormonal (endocrine) therapy drugs used primarily in postmenopausal women for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, often in combination with other medicines to enhance treatment effectiveness.
What group does anastrozole belong to?
Anastrozole belongs to the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors group and may cause side effects such as swollen glands in some patients if not taken according to a regular dosing schedule.
What is the use of anastrozole tablet in bodybuilding?
In bodybuilding, anastrozole is used off-label to prevent estrogen-related side effects (such as gynecomastia and water retention) that occur when taking anabolic steroids. It helps maintain a leaner physique by reducing estrogen levels.
What does anastrozole do for a man?
In men, anastrozole is used to lower estrogen levels, which can help treat gynecomastia, support testosterone production in conditions like hypogonadism, and prevent estrogen-related side effects from steroid use, such as weak bones.
Does anastrozole affect muscles?
Yes, anastrozole may impact muscle mass and strength by altering the balance of testosterone and estrogen. Some studies suggest it could reduce muscle fatigue and improve testosterone levels in men, but it may also contribute to joint stiffness, which could affect physical performance.
What is anastrozole used for?
Anastrozole is primarily used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is also used off-label for conditions like gynecomastia and high estrogen levels in men. Be sure to take your next dose as prescribed to maintain its effectiveness.
What is the indication of anastrozole tablets?
Anastrozole tablets are indicated for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive early and advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, a condition that can become life-threatening if not properly managed.
What is the FDA indication for anastrozole?
The FDA has approved anastrozole for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer, as well as for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer that is hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-unknown, as indicated on the prescription label.
What can you not take with anastrozole?
- Tamoxifen (reduces the effectiveness of anastrozole).
- Estrogen-containing medications (hormone replacement therapy, birth control, soy supplements).
- Certain CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin) that may reduce anastrozole levels.
- Grapefruit (may interfere with metabolism).
What are the cautions of anastrozole?
- Bone loss (osteoporosis and fractures)
- Increased cardiovascular risk (especially in those with existing heart disease)
- Joint pain and stiffness
- Liver function abnormalities
- Hot flashes, fatigue, and mood changes
- Not recommended for premenopausal women or those taking estrogen therapy
Who should not take aromatase inhibitors?
People who should avoid aromatase inhibitors include premenopausal women (unless under specific medical guidance), pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with severe liver disease, and those allergic to the medication or its ingredients, especially during the first few weeks of treatment.
What to avoid while taking anastrozole?
Avoid estrogen-containing products (such as hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills), excessive alcohol, and certain supplements or medications that may interfere with anastrozole’s effectiveness, such as St. Johnās wort, and be cautious with over-the-counter products that may also impact its action.
Does vitamin D interact with anastrozole?
No, vitamin D does not have a known negative interaction with anastrozole. In fact, maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may help reduce bone loss associated with anastrozole use, which is especially important for women who may become pregnant, as the health of the unborn baby could be impacted by bone density loss.
Is it better to take anastrozole in the morning or at night?
There is no strict requirement, but taking anastrozole at the same time every day is recommended. Some people prefer taking it at night to minimize potential side effects like fatigue and hot flushes.
What is the drug Arimidex used for?
Arimidex (anastrozole) is used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women by reducing estrogen levels in the body, and it may also be prescribed alongside other drugs to enhance treatment effectiveness.
What does Arimidex do in men?
In men, Arimidex is sometimes used to reduce estrogen levels, particularly in cases of testosterone therapy, gynecomastia, or hormone-sensitive conditions, which can also help reduce the risk of complications such as heart attack.
Is Arimidex a good estrogen blocker?
Yes, Arimidex is an effective aromatase inhibitor that significantly lowers estrogen levels, making it a strong estrogen blocker. It is sometimes used in cases of precocious puberty to delay early puberty onset by blocking estrogen production.
What foods should I avoid while on anastrozole?
Avoid foods high in phytoestrogens (such as soy products, flaxseeds, and some legumes), alcohol, and processed foods high in sugar or unhealthy fats, as they may interfere with hormone balance, especially when starting treatment.
How much vitamin D should I take while on anastrozole?
The recommended dose varies, but typically 800ā2,000 IU per day is advised to support bone health. A doctor may recommend a higher dose if needed, and the last dose should be taken as instructed to ensure optimal benefits.
Does anastrozole make you tired?
Yes, fatigue is a common side effect of anastrozole, along with other potential serious side effects such as joint pain, hot flashes, and breathing problems.
What should you not take with anastrozole?
Avoid estrogen-containing medications, certain supplements like St. Johnās wort, and drugs that may interfere with liver metabolism, such as some anticonvulsants.
What is the generic name for anastrozole?
The generic name is anastrozole, which is often compared to herbal products for hormone regulation, but it is a prescription medication specifically designed to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
What are the benefits of taking anastrozole?
Anastrozole reduces estrogen levels, which helps slow or stop the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and can be used in hormone therapy for men. If you experience any side effects or concerns during treatment, it’s important to seek medical help.
Do anastrozole side effects get worse over time?
Some side effects, like joint pain or bone loss, may worsen over time, while others may improve as the body adjusts. If you miss a dose, itās important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to avoid complications.
Is anastrozole worth taking?
For individuals with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer or those needing estrogen suppression, anastrozole is often beneficial despite its side effects, and it is important to consult a doctor for proper guidance and monitoring during treatment.
Why do you gain weight on anastrozole?
Weight gain may be due to hormonal changes, metabolism shifts, fluid retention, or changes in muscle mass and fat distribution. If you experience significant weight gain while on medication, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider, and in some cases, you may need to stop taking anastrozole.
Does estrogen blocker cause belly fat?
Yes, lowering estrogen levels can lead to changes in fat distribution, often increasing abdominal fat, along with other side effects such as joint pain and hot flashes.
When should I take estrogen blockers with testosterone?
Estrogen blockers like anastrozole are typically taken alongside testosterone therapy when estrogen levels become too high, but the timing should be determined by a doctor.
Is it better to take anastrozole in the morning or evening?
There is no strict rule, but consistency is key. Some prefer taking it at night to minimize fatigue.
What foods should you avoid while taking anastrozole?
Avoid high-phytoestrogen foods (soy, flaxseed), alcohol, and highly processed or high-sugar foods that may negatively affect hormone balance.
Reference
Wiseman LR, Adkins JC. Anastrozole. A review of its use in the management of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Drugs Aging. 1998;13(4):321-32.`
Sanford M, Plosker GL. Anastrozole: a review of its use in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Drugs. 2008;68(9):1319-40.
Mokbel K. Focus on anastrozole and breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin. 2003;19(8):683-8.
Buzdar A, Jonat W, Howell A, et al. Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. Arimidex Study Group. J ClinOncol. 1996;14(7):2000-11.
Gangadhara S, Bertelli G. Long-term efficacy and safety of anastrozole for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer in postmenopausal women. TherClin Risk Manag. 2009;5(4):291ā300. doi:10.2147/tcrm.s3856.
Barros-oliveira MDC, Costa-silva DR, Andrade DB, et al. Use of anastrozole in the chemoprevention and treatment of breast cancer: A literature review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017;63(4):371-378.
Weinberg OK, Marquez-garban DC, Fishbein MC, et al. Aromatase inhibitors in human lung cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2005;65(24):11287-91.
Burns TF, Stabile LP. Targeting the estrogen pathway for the treatment and prevention of lung cancer. Lung Cancer Manag. 2014;3(1):43ā52. doi:10.2217/lmt.13.67.
Lother SA, Harding GA, Musto G, Navaratnam S, Pitz MW. Antiestrogen use and survival of women with non-small cell lung cancer in Manitoba, Canada. Horm Cancer. 2013;4(5):270ā276.
Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00932152.
Sakurai T, Oura S, Kinoshita T, et al. [Advanced breast cancer with lung and pleural metastases responsive to anastrozole–a case report]. GanTo Kagaku Ryoho. 2002;29(9):1607-10.
Young PA, Pietras RJ. Aromatase inhibitors combined with aspirin to prevent lung cancer in preclinical models. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2018;7(Suppl 4):S373āS376. doi:10.21037/tlcr.2018.09.17.
Stabile LP, Farooqui M, Kanterewicz B, et al. Preclinical Evidence for Combined Use of Aromatase Inhibitors and NSAIDs as Preventive Agents of Tobacco-Induced Lung Cancer. J ThoracOncol. 2018;13(3):399-412.
Thiantanawat A, Long BJ, Brodie AM. Signaling pathways of apoptosis activated by aromatase inhibitors and antiestrogens. Cancer Res. 2003;63(22):8037-50.
Hassan F, El-Hiti GA, Abd-Allateef M, Yousif E. Cytotoxicity anticancer activities of anastrozole against breast, liver hepatocellular, and prostate cancer cells. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(4):359ā365. doi:10.15537/smj.2017.4.17061.
Cuzick J, Sestak I, Forbes JF, Dowsett M, Cawthorn S, Mansel RE, Loibl S, Bonanni B, Evans DG, Howell A; IBIS-II investigators. Use of anastrozole for breast cancer prevention (IBIS-II): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 Jan 11;395(10218):117-122. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32955-1. Epub 2019 Dec 12. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):496. PMID: 31839281; PMCID: PMC6961114.
Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination Trialists’ Group, Buzdar A, Howell A, Cuzick J, Wale C, Distler W, Hoctin-Boes G, Houghton J, Locker GY, Nabholtz JM. Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol. 2006 Aug;7(8):633-43. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70767-7. PMID: 16887480.
Geisler J, King N, Dowsett M, et al. Influence of anastrozole (Arimidex), a selective, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, on in vivo aromatisation and plasma oestrogen levels in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(8):1286-1291. doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.531.
Available from https://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f7458.
Aydiner A, Tas F. Meta-analysis of trials comparing anastrozole and tamoxifen for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. 2008. In: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet]. York (UK): Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 1995-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75189/.
Visvanathan K, Fabian CJ, Bantug E, Brewster AM, Davidson NE, DeCensi A, Floyd JD, Garber JE, Hofstatter EW, Khan SA, Katapodi MC, Pruthi S, Raab R, Runowicz CD, Somerfield MR. Use of Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Nov 20;37(33):3152-3165. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.01472. Epub 2019 Sep 3. PMID: 31479306.
Chen R, Cui J, Wang Q, Li P, Liu X, Hu H, Wei W. Antiproliferative effects of anastrozole on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro are significantly enhanced by combined treatment with testosterone undecanoate. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jul;12(1):769-75. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3427. Epub 2015 Mar 4. PMID: 25738971.
Forbes JF, Sestak I, Howell A, Bonanni B, Bundred N, Levy C, von Minckwitz G, Eiermann W, Neven P, Stierer M, Holcombe C, Coleman RE, Jones L, Ellis I, Cuzick J; IBIS-II investigators. Anastrozole versus tamoxifen for the prevention of locoregional and contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ (IBIS-II DCIS): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Feb 27;387(10021):866-73. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01129-0. Epub 2015 Dec 11. PMID: 26686313; PMCID: PMC4769326.
Glaser RL, Dimitrakakis C. Reduced breast cancer incidence in women treated with subcutaneous testosterone, or testosterone with anastrozole: a prospective, observational study. Maturitas. 2013 Dec;76(4):342-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Sep 10. PMID: 24028858.
Hamilton A, Piccart M. The third-generation non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors: a review of their clinical benefits in the second-line hormonal treatment of advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 1999 Apr;10(4):377-84. doi: 10.1023/a:1008368300827. PMID: 10370778.
Gnant M, Fitzal F, Rinnerthaler G, Steger GG, Greil-Ressler S, Balic M, Heck D, Jakesz R, Thaler J, Egle D, Manfreda D, Bjelic-Radisic V, Wieder U, Singer CF, Melbinger-Zeinitzer E, Haslbauer F, Sevelda P, Trapl H, Wette V, Wimmer K, Gampenrieder SP, Bartsch R, Kacerovsky-Strobl S, Suppan C, Brunner C, Deutschmann C, Soelkner L, Fesl C, Greil R; Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Duration of Adjuvant Aromatase-Inhibitor Therapy in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 29;385(5):395-405. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104162. PMID: 34320285.
Cuzick J, Chu K, Keevil B, Brentnall AR, Howell A, Zdenkowski N, Bonanni B, Loibl S, Holli K, Evans DG, Cummings S, Dowsett M. Effect of baseline oestradiol serum concentration on the efficacy of anastrozole for preventing breast cancer in postmenopausal women at high risk: a case-control study of the IBIS-II prevention trial. Lancet Oncol. 2024 Jan;25(1):108-116. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00578-8. Epub 2023 Dec 6. PMID: 38070530.
Olin JL, St Pierre M. Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer prevention. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Dec;48(12):1605-10. doi: 10.1177/1060028014548416. Epub 2014 Aug 26. PMID: 25159003.
Wei X, Cai J, Lin H, Wu W, Zhuang J, Sun H. Anastrozole for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women: cost-effectiveness analysis in the UK and the USA. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Feb 13;24(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-10658-0. PMID: 38350960; PMCID: PMC10865705.
Anderson TJ, Dixon JM, Stuart M, Sahmoud T, Miller WR. Effect of neoadjuvant treatment with anastrozole on tumour histology in postmenopausal women with large operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2002 Jul 29;87(3):334-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600435. PMID: 12177804; PMCID: PMC2364231.
Brown P. Prevention: targeted therapy-anastrozole prevents breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014 Mar;11(3):127-8. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.17. Epub 2014 Feb 18. PMID: 24535168.
Anastrozole may aid breast cancer prevention. Cancer Discov. 2014 Feb;4(2):OF4. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-NB2013-179. Epub 2013 Dec 19. PMID: 24501316.
Mahase E. Anastrozole: Repurposed drug could prevent thousands of breast cancer cases. BMJ. 2023 Nov 7;383:2608. doi: 10.1136/bmj.p2608. PMID: 37935461.
Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, Forbes J, Houghton JH, Klijn JG, Sahmoud T; ATAC Trialists’ Group. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Jun 22;359(9324):2131-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09088-8. Erratum in: Lancet 2002 Nov 9;360(9344):1520. PMID: 12090977.
Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, Forbes J, Houghton JH, Klijn JG, Sahmoud T; ATAC Trialists’ Group. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Jun 22;359(9324):2131-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09088-8. Erratum in: Lancet 2002 Nov 9;360(9344):1520. PMID: 12090977.
Nabholtz JM. Role of anastrozole across the breast cancer continuum: from advanced to early disease and prevention. Oncology. 2006;70(1):1-12. doi: 10.1159/000091180. Epub 2006 Jan 26. PMID: 16439860.
Cuzick J, Sestak I, Forbes JF, Dowsett M, Knox J, Cawthorn S, Saunders C, Roche N, Mansel RE, von Minckwitz G, Bonanni B, Palva T, Howell A; IBIS-II investigators. Anastrozole for prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women (IBIS-II): an international, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Mar 22;383(9922):1041-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62292-8. Epub 2013 Dec 12. Erratum in: Lancet. 2014 Mar 22;383(9922):1040. Erratum in: Lancet. 2017 Mar 11;389(10073):1010. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30654-2. PMID: 24333009.
Rocchi A, Verma S. Anastrozole is cost-effective vs tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer: Canadian perspectives on the ATAC completed-treatment analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2006 Sep;14(9):917-27. doi: 10.1007/s00520-006-0035-8. Epub 2006 Apr 5. PMID: 16596419.
Confavreux CB, Fontana A, Guastalla JP, Munoz F, Brun J, Delmas PD. Estrogen-dependent increase in bone turnover and bone loss in postmenopausal women with breast cancer treated with anastrozole. Prevention with bisphosphonates. Bone. 2007 Sep;41(3):346-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jun 16. PMID: 17618847.
Pavone ME, Bulun SE. Clinical review: The use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction and superovulation. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. 2013;98(5):1838ā1844. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1328.
Badawy A, Abdel aal I, Abulatta M. Clomiphene citrate or anastrozole for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? A prospective controlled trial. FertilSteril. 2009;92(3):860-3.
Wu HH, Wang NM, Cheng ML, Hsieh JN. A randomized comparison of ovulation induction and hormone profile between the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole and clomiphene citrate in women with infertility. GynecolEndocrinol. 2007;23(2):76-81.
Tredway D, Schertz JC, Bock D, Hemsey G, Diamond MP. Anastrozole vs. clomiphene citrate in infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction: a phase II, randomized, dose-finding study. FertilSteril. 2011;95(5):1720-4.e1-8.
Abu Hashim H. Aromatase Inhibitors for Endometriosis-Associated Infertility; Do We Have Sufficient Evidence?.Int J FertilSteril. 2016;10(3):270ā277. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2016.5040.
Badawy SZ, Brown S, Kaufman L, Wojtowycz MA. Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole) affects growth of endometrioma cells in culture. Eur J ObstetGynecolReprod Biol. 2015;188:45ā50.
Amsterdam LL, Gentry W, Jobanputra S, Wolf M, Rubin SD, Bulun SE. Anastrazole and oral contraceptives: a novel treatment for endometriosis. FertilSteril. 2005;84(2):300-4.
Soysal S, Soysal ME, Ozer S, Gul N, Gezgin T. The effects of post-surgical administration of goserelin plus anastrozole compared to goserelin alone in patients with severe endometriosis: a prospective randomized trial. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):160-7.
Badawy A, Shokeir T, Allam AF, Abdelhady H. Pregnancy outcome after ovulation induction with aromatase inhibitors or clomiphene citrate in unexplained infertility. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(2):187-91. doi: 10.1080/00016340802638199. PMID: 19089782.
Badawy A, Mosbah A, Shady M. Anastrozole or letrozole for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a prospective randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(5):1209-12.
Mitwally MF, Casper RF. Aromatase inhibition for ovarian stimulation: future avenues for infertility management. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Jun;14(3):255-63. doi: 10.1097/00001703-200206000-00003. PMID: 12032380.
Lossl K, Andersen CY, Loft A, Freiesleben NL, BangsbĆøll S, Andersen AN. Short-term androgen priming by use of aromatase inhibitor and hCG before controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF. A randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2008 Aug;23(8):1820-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/den131. Epub 2008 May 15. PMID: 18487212.
Casper RF. Aromatase inhibitors in ovarian stimulation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Aug-Sep;106(1-5):71-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.05.025. Epub 2007 May 24. PMID: 17604615.
Eckmann KR, Kockler DR. Aromatase inhibitors for ovulation and pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Jul;43(7):1338-46. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M096. Epub 2009 Jul 7. PMID: 19584394.
Pavone ME, Bulun SE. Clinical review: The use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction and superovulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 May;98(5):1838-44. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1328. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID: 23585659; PMCID: PMC3644592.
Tredway D, Schertz JC, Bock D, Hemsey G, Diamond MP. Anastrozole vs. clomiphene citrate in infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction: a phase II, randomized, dose-finding study. Fertil Steril. 2011 Apr;95(5):1720-4.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.064. PMID: 21300344.
Raman JD, Schlegel PN. Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. J Urol. 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):624-9. doi: 10.1097/00005392-200202000-00038. PMID: 11792932.
Helo S, Ellen J, Mechlin C, et al. A Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Comparison Trial of Clomiphene Citrate and Anastrozole in Raising Testosterone in Hypogonadal Infertile Men. J Sex Med 2015;12:1761-9. 10.1111/jsm.12944.
Alder NJ, Keihani S, Stoddard GJ, Myers JB, Hotaling JM. Combination therapy with clomiphene citrate and anastrozole is a safe and effective alternative for hypoandrogenicsubfertile men. BJU Int. 2018;122(4):688-694.
Raman JD, Schlegel PN. Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. J Urol. 2002;167(2 Pt 1):624-9.
Shoshany O, Abhyankar N, Mufarreh N, Daniel G, Niederberger C. Outcomes of anastrozole in oligozoospermichypoandrogenicsubfertile men. FertilSteril. 2017;107(3):589-594.
Gregoriou O, Bakas P, Grigoriadis C, Creatsa M, Hassiakos D, Creatsas G. Changes in hormonal profile and seminal parameters with use of aromatase inhibitors in management of infertile men with low testosterone to estradiol ratios. FertilSteril. 2012;98(1):48-51.
Dabaja A.A., Schlegel P.N. Medical treatment of male infertility. TranslAndrol Urol. 2014;3:9ā16.
Roth MY, Amory JK, Page ST. Treatment of male infertility secondary to morbid obesity. Nat ClinPractEndocrinolMetab. 2008;4(7):415ā419. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0844.
Ramasamy R, Ricci JA, Palermo GD, Gosden LV, Rosenwaks Z, et al. Successful fertility treatment for Klinefelter’s syndrome. J Urol. 2009;182:1108ā13.
Del Giudice F, Busetto GM, De Berardinis E, Sperduti I, Ferro M, Maggi M, Gross MS, Sciarra A, Eisenberg ML. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials implementing aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility. Asian J Androl. 2020 Jul-Aug;22(4):360-367. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_101_19. PMID: 31621654; PMCID: PMC7406101.
Shiraishi K, Oka S, Matsuyama H. Testicular Testosterone and Estradiol Concentrations and Aromatase Expression in Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 25;106(4):e1803-e1815. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa860. PMID: 33236081.
Del Giudice F, Busetto GM, De Berardinis E, Sperduti I, Ferro M, Maggi M, Gross MS, Sciarra A, Eisenberg ML. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials implementing aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility. Asian J Androl. 2020 Jul-Aug;22(4):360-367. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_101_19. PMID: 31621654; PMCID: PMC7406101.
Yang C, Li P, Li Z. Clinical application of aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility. Hum Reprod Update. 2021 Dec 21;28(1):30-50. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmab036. PMID: 34871401.
Osadchiy V, Munoz-Lopez C, Jiang T, Naelitz BD, Parekh N, Vij SC, Mills JN, Lundy SD, Eleswarapu SV. Combination clomiphene citrate and anastrozole duotherapy improves semen parameters in a multi-institutional, retrospective cohort of infertile men. Transl Androl Urol. 2024 Feb 29;13(2):245-251. doi: 10.21037/tau-23-454. Epub 2024 Feb 22. PMID: 38481873; PMCID: PMC10932640.
Shah T, Nyirenda T, Shin D. Efficacy of anastrozole in the treatment of hypogonadal, subfertile men with body mass index ā„25 kg/m2. Transl Androl Urol. 2021 Mar;10(3):1222-1228. doi: 10.21037/tau-20-919. PMID: 33850757; PMCID: PMC8039603.
Yang Y, Chen S, Chen H, Guo Y, Teng X. The efficacy of anastrozole in subfertile men with and without abnormal testosterone to estradiol ratios. Transl Androl Urol. 2022 Sep;11(9):1262-1270. doi: 10.21037/tau-22-95. PMID: 36217397; PMCID: PMC9547167.
vanLonden GJ, Perera S, Vujevich K, et al. The impact of an aromatase inhibitor on body composition and gonadal hormone levels in women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;125(2):441ā446. doi:10.1007/s10549-010-1223-2.
Cohen PG. The hypogonadal-obesity cycle: role of aromatase in modulating the testosterone-estradiol shunt–a major factor in the genesis of morbid obesity. Med Hypotheses. 1999;52(1):49-51.
Holland AM, Roberts MD, Mumford PW, Mobley CB, Kephart WC, Conover CF, Beggs LA, Balaez A, Otzel DM, Yarrow JF, Borst SE, Beck DT. Testosterone inhibits expression of lipogenic genes in visceral fat by an estrogen-dependent mechanism. J ApplPhysiol (1985) 2016;121:792ā805.
Success Stories
before after
At the age of 60, I look and feel better than I ever have in my entire life! Switching my health program and hormone replacement therapy regimen over to Genemedics was one of the best decisions Iāve ever made in my life! Genemedics and Dr George have significantly improved my quality of life and also dramatically improved my overall health. I hav...
Nick Cassavetes ,60 yrs old
Movie Director (āThe Notebookā, āJohn Qā, āAlpha Dogā), Actor and Writer
Call 800-277-4041 for a Free Consultation
- Usually takes 15-30 minutes
- Completely confidential
- No obligation to purchase anything
- We will discuss your symptoms along with your health and fitness goals
- Free post-consult access for any additional questions you may have
© Copyright Genemedics Health Institute. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy.