Noopept

Potential Benefits of Noopept

• Improves cognitive function [1-38]
• Fights anxiety [2, 39-47]
• Boosts immune function [48-50]
• Improves mood [51-52]
• Combats Inflammation [53-55]
• Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Symptoms of Diabetes [56-59]

What is Noopept?

Noopept is a powerful nootropic (cognitive enhancer) that is thousand times more potent and stronger than piracetam. Unlike other nootropics, the effect of this synthetic smart drug can be felt in just a few minutes after it reaches the bloodstream. As a cognitive stimulant, Noopept can help fight inflammation, alleviate anxiety, and reduce the levels of damaging free radicals in your body.

How Noopept Works

Noopept is a well-known cognitive-enhancing drug that works by speeding up the process of memory formation and retrieval. It does this by boosting the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a compound that promotes the growth of brain cells. Also, Noopept makes the acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the brain more responsive to the neurotransmitter (brain chemical) acetylcholine, which in turn allows faster and more efficient relay of messages between neurons.

Chemical Structure of Noopept

Research on Noopept

Improves Cognitive Function

An overwhelming body of clinical evidence supports the benefits of Noopept on various areas of cognitive function such as memory, learning, and thinking ability:

1. In patients with cognitive disturbances caused by traumas or vascular brain diseases, Noopept improved brain function as evidenced by increased alpha- and beta-rhythms power in the electroencephalogram (EEG). [1-2]
2. Administration of Noopept at a dose of 20 mg daily for 2 months improved cognitive function in patients with stroke and has a high level of safety. [3]
3. In several animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD), Noopept protected rat brain cells against amyloid beta toxicity (causative agent of AD) by inhibiting oxidative damage, preventing calcium overload, and suppressing apoptosis (programed cell death).[4-9]
4. Repeated oral administration of Noopept in rats improved learning compared to single dose. [10]
5. In a rat model of stroke, Noopept demonstrated both cognition-restoring and neuroprotective properties. [11]
6. In normal and Down’s syndrome human brain neurons, Noopept prevented oxidative damage and apoptosis. [12]
7. In conscious rats, Noopept administration increased brain activity in the EEG. [13]
8. Noopept has the ability to increase the levels of Nerve Growth Factor and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, which is associated with chronic improvement in memory. [14-15]
9. Noopept may help improve cognitive function by enhancing the electrical signals between neurons. [16]
10. Noopept at a 1:1 ratio or ten-fold greater appeared to significantly reduce the levels of Lewy bodies (protein clumps causing Parkinson’s disease) in the brain. [17]
11. In mice with convulsive disorder, chronic administration of Noopept increased the efficacy of the anticonvulsant drug valproate. [18]
12. A study reported that Noopept exerts its neuroprotective effects through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [19]
13. In rats, Noopept enhanced the transmission of nerve signals in the brain. [20-21]
14. In mice, Noopept completely prevented the development of cognitive disorders induced by scopolamine. [22]
15. In rats, Noopept reversed cognitive impairment by increasing the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). [23]
16. In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, Noopept prevented memory deterioration. [24]
17. Studies reported that Noopept can help prevent Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting the formation of abnormal protein structures in the brain and decrease in the activity of stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). [25-29]
18. In mice, injection of Noopept 5 minutes before learning improved long-term memory. [30]
19. In rats with stroke, Noopept treatment decreased the infarction area (dead tissue) in the brain. [31]
20. In rats, Noopept administration at 5 mg/kg via injections produced cognitive-enhancing effects. [32]
21. The administration of 0.5-10 mg/kg of Noopept in rats stimulated one-session learning after single administration, while repeated administration increased the learning ability of rats who failed the initial training in the passive avoidance task (a test that evaluates learning and memory). [33]
22. Noopept (GVS-111, N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 15 minutes before the start of the Morris maze induced significant improvements in long-term memory. [34]
23. In rats with compression-induced cerebral ischemia, Noopept administration via injections and oral route improved retrieval of passive avoidance responses. [35]
24. A cell study found that Noopept prevented neurodegeneration induced by glutamate and oxidative stress. [36]
25. In rats that had cognitive impairment due to lobectomy, a procedure that involves the removal of an entire lobe of the brain, Noopept promoted the restoration of learning and memory. [37]
26. A cell study reported that Noopept enhanced the transmission of signals between brain cells. [38]

Fights Anxiety

Noopept’s cognitive-enhancing abilities also produce anti-anxiety effect according to studies:

1. Administration of Noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment reduced fatigue, anxiety, and irritability. [2]
2. In patients with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis, Noopept treatment reduced manifestations of anxiety. [39]
3. In rats, Noopept administration was associated with an increase in locomotor activity in the elevated plus-maze test, suggesting an anti-anxiety effect. [40]
4. Noopept administration also increased exploratory behavior of rats undergoing open field test, which is indicative of reduced anxiety. [41]
5. In mice, administration of Noopept produced modulation of the anxiety level. [42]
6. In rats, Noopept reduced the incidence of learned helplessness. [43-44]
7. In mice from different strains, Noopept reduced stress levels as evidenced by increased number of avoidance reactions in stress-inducing slip-funnel test. [45]
8. In rats aged 4 days, Noopept reversed signs of stress caused by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). [46]
9. In inbred mice strains, Noopept administration at 1 mg per kg daily produced anti-anxiety effects on the 7th day. [47]

Boosts Immune Function

Taking Noopept can also ward off a wide array of diseases. There is increasing evidence suggesting that this cognitive enhancer also has potent immune-boosting properties:

1. In animal models, Noopept stimulated humoral and cellular immune response to various antigens (harmful microorganisms) and markedly increased the levels of white blood cells. [48]
2. In rats, Noopept administration for 5 days at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg (injections) or 5 mg/kg (oral) significantly reduced chronic immune inflammation. [49]
3. In mice, Noopept injection at 5 mg/kg reduced the levels of inflammatory substances such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. [50]

Improves Mood

Noopept can also help improve mood, making it a potential therapeutic option for certain mental health disorders:

1. Long-term Noopept administration (21 days) significantly eliminated the manifestations of learned helplessness compared to the anti-anxiety drug Afobazol. [51]
2. Chronic administration (28 days, 0.5 mg/day via injections) of Noopept improved behavior by decreasing the activity of stress-induced kinases (involved in mental disorders) and increasing the levels of BDNF. [52]

Combats Inflammation

Evidence suggests that Noopept possesses anti-inflammatory properties:

1. A study conducted in mice found that the anti-inflammatory activity of Noopept is probably related to its antioxidant properties. [53]
2. In animal models of acute exudative inflammation, Noopept decreased the levels of inflammatory substances such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. [54]
3. In male and female rabbits, Noopept suppressed the inflammatory effects of concanavalin A. [55]

Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Symptoms of Diabetes

Noopept has also been proven to be effective at stabilizing blood sugar levels and treating diabetic symptoms:

1. In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Noopept alleviated high blood sugar levels and weight loss and normalized pain sensitivity. [56]
2. In rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, Noopept inhibited platelet hyperreactivity caused by chronic elevations in blood sugar. [57]
3. In rats with experimental diabetes, Noopept normalized insulin levels by preventing programmed cell death of the beta cells of the pancreas. [58]
4. In diabetic rats, Noopept normalized basal blood sugar levels. [59]

Associated Side Effects of Noopept

Noopept side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this nootropic wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on Noopept. However, the issue wasn’t’ confirmed to be caused by the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of Noopept. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with Noopept even these associated side effects are very uncommon.

Side effects associated with Noopept may include the following:

• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Increased blood pressure
• Irritability
• Sleep disturbances

References

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