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GENEMEDICS NUTRITION
Estrogen or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone that plays a key role in the regulation and development of the female reproductive system as well as secondary sex characteristics. In men, estrogen is also present but in smaller amounts. During puberty, the ovaries start to release estrogen hormones and its levels rise significantly halfway through the menstrual cycle, which triggers the release of an egg. After ovulation, estrogen levels fall back to normal. Aside from the ovaries, estrogen is also produced in the adrenal glands and fat tissues. As a hormone, estrogen usually travels through the bloodstream and interacts with various body tissues to deliver a message.
The estrogen family includes any of a group of chemically similar hormones such as:
E1 is considered as a weak form of estrogen and the only type found in postmenopausal women. It is present in lesser amounts in most body tissues, primarily in fats and muscles.
E2 is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast enlargement, erection of nipples, growth of body hair, widening of the hips, changes in genital structure, and feminine pattern of fat distribution. It also maintains female reproductive tissues such as uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.
E3 is considered as the weakest of estrogens. The levels of E3 are almost undetectable in women who are not pregnant. However, significant amounts of E3 are produced by the placenta during pregnancy.
Estrogen is crucial to a woman’s reproductive function and cycle. This powerful hormone affects the following body areas:
Aside from its key role in maintaining the growth and development of the female reproductive system, estrogen also has the following important functions:
Men also produce estrogen in smaller amounts. In order for this process to happen, an enzyme called aromatase converts testosterone into estradiol. Research indicates that certain cells in the testis known as Leydig cells, contain the aromatase enzyme and produce some estrogen. [1]The aromatase enzyme is also abundant in the brain and penis. However, as men age, their aromatase levels can sometimes spike, which causes their testosterone to be converted into excess estradiol. [2] This in turn results in low testosterone while spiking estradiol levels. In some men, their aromatase levels are insufficient and suffer from estrogen deficiency. Other men produce abnormally low levels of testosterone that there isn’t enough to convert into estrogen, thus, causing a deficiency in both testosterone and estradiol.
Just like women, men also need estrogen to perform at optimal levels. Estradiol, the predominant form of estrogen, is thought to play a major role in male sexual function. [3] Estradiol in men modulates libido, erectile function, and production of sperm cells. In the brain, estradiol production is increased in areas that regulate sexual arousal. Moreover, several estrogen receptors are distributed throughout the erectile tissues of the penis (corpus cavernosum) with high concentrations found in the nerves, arteries, veins, and other blood vessels.
In women over age 40, estrogen levels will significantly decline due to approaching menopause, which is medically known as perimenopause. During this time of transition, a woman’s ovaries will still produce estrogen, however, in smaller amounts. By the time that estrogen production completely stopped, a woman has already reached menopause. This age-related decline in estrogen levels can lead to debilitating signs and symptoms such as:
In men, low estrogen levels can also lead to the following signs and symptoms:
Aside from the natural process of aging, certain medical conditions, lifestyle choices, and processes can lead to estrogen deficiency. These include:
Over time, the gradual decline in women’s estrogen levels can lead to debilitating signs and symptoms which can ultimately impair one’s quality of life. Women who had their uterus surgically removed (hysterectomy) can also experience these detrimental effects. Fortunately, for those suffering from estrogen deficiency, ERT can be used to increase estrogen levels, alleviate unpleasant symptoms, and improve overall quality of life.
There are different ways ERT is administered. These include:
Potential candidates for ERT usually undergo measurement of estrogen levels first through comprehensive saliva, blood, urine and serum test. By determining the baseline estrogen levels, the ERT physician will be able to customize a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual needs of the patient.
Compelling evidence indicates that restoring estrogen to youthful levels through ERT can help treat and prevent a wide range of medical conditions that can improve one’s quality of life. The following are among the diverse health benefits of ERT:
The body constantly builds and remodels bone. However, after menopause, this process slows down causing women to lose as much as 20% of their bone mass. [4] As a result, postmenopausal women begin to experience osteoporosis, fractures, and other bone disorders. [5-7] In aging men, low estrogen levels can also increase their risk of developing bone problems. [8-10] An overwhelming body of clinical evidence suggests that this age-related bone loss can be prevented and treated with ERT:
Menopause can bring in a number of physiological changes that can permanently affect a woman’s life. These significant changes include unpleasant symptoms that appear before, during and after the onset of menopause. In order to treat menopause symptoms and replace the declining estrogen levels, most doctors prescribe ERT. There is mounting clinical evidence that ERT is safe and effective in alleviating menopause symptoms:
When estrogen levels decline, both men and women may experience reduced libido which can ultimately affect their self-confidence as well as quality of life. In women, estrogen deficiency can cause changes to the structures and pH of the vagina, which in turn leads to vaginal health issues such as vaginal dryness, inflammation of vaginal tissues, irritation, and painful sexual intercourse (dyspareunia). In men, low estrogen levels can cause erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire. Studies show that undergoing ERT can help treat a wide array of sexual health issues associated with age-related decline in estrogen levels:
In addition to diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors, the aging process can also contribute to weight gain. In fact, the older we get, the more difficult it is to lose weight. Not only does our metabolism slows down, but also the production of estrogen. In women, the age-related decline in estrogen levels causes their bodies to look for other sources of estrogen, which can be found in fat cells. [114] As a result, their bodies learn to convert more calories into fat, leading to weight gain. In men, the age-related decline in estrogen causes fat accumulation, which in turn results in weight gain. [115] While diet and lifestyle modifications are critical elements to weight loss, there is increasing evidence that restoring estrogen to youthful levels through ERT may help you achieve healthier weight:
One of the most undesirable consequences of aging is the loss of muscle mass and strength. Current research suggests that low sex hormone concentration, specifically estrogen, may be among the key mechanisms for muscle wasting (sarcopenia) and weakness. [138] Interestingly, a large body of scientific evidence suggests that restoring estrogen levels through ERT may help diminish age-associated muscle loss and improve overall muscle function:
Women’s emotional symptoms as they approach menopause vary. Some may experience no symptoms at all while others may have mood swings, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, anger, short temper, snappiness, crying episodes, and irritation. These symptoms can be debilitating and may significantly impair one’s quality of life. In addition, menopausal women suffering from low mood and decreased energy levels may increase their risk of developing mood disorders. Thus, ERT has been proposed as a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for mood disorders experienced during menopause. A number of high quality studies support the mood-enhancing effects of ERT:
During the menopausal years, the age-related decline in skin thickness accelerates by as much as 1.13% per year. [191] The decline in estrogen during this stage results in gradual decrease in collagen, water, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content, which ultimately leads to thinning and sagging of the skin. Fortunately, these age-related skin imperfections can be diminished with ERT. Studies show that estrogen exerts potent anti-aging effect on the skin by reducing wrinkles and improving skin elasticity, which helps maintain a younger, tighter skin:
Evidence, accumulated over the past several decades, shows that estrogen plays a critical role in the modulation of cognitive function in animals and humans. Modulation begins in the womb when estrogens exert their effect on various brain regions involved in cognitive function. Estrogen influences the nervous system, and this continues through adulthood when its production reaches the highest levels. With aging, estrogen levels gradually decline and contribute to impairment in memory, learning, and thinking skills. Research in basic neuroscience and other clinical research shows that ERT protects against the age-related decline in cognitive function:
As women transition into menopause, sleep disorders become more common. They may have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. In fact, studies show that menopausal women spend less time in one of the deepest cycles of sleep known as the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. [309] This in turn results in fatigue or tiredness upon waking up. Interestingly, several lines of evidence show that ERT improves sleep quality, reduces time to fall asleep and number of times a patient awakens, and increases amount of REM sleep:
With aging, a person’s activity level can significantly decrease because of various changes in body composition. Older persons start to gain weight, lose muscle and bone mass, and become susceptible to a wide array of debilitating diseases that affect their daily routine as well as overall quality of life. Fortunately, aside from diet and lifestyle modifications, restoring estrogen to youthful levels can be beneficial for older people who want to engage in any form of exercise to keep them in shape. By restoring muscle mass and bone quality, studies show that ERT can help enhance one’s exercise performance so that they can become physically active again:
Postmenopausal women are often vulnerable to bacterial infections such as UTI. During this stage, falling estrogen levels result in deterioration of the urinary tract and vagina, as well as alteration in vaginal flora (bacteria that live inside the vagina). These changes predispose postmenopausal women to recurrent rate of UTIs. A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that ERT can restore vaginal flora and acidic pH to its premenopausal state, thus reducing the prevalence of UTIs in postmenopausal women:
The age-related decline in estrogen increases one’s risk of heart disease. This is because estrogen is believed to play a crucial role in the maintenance of a healthy heart by keeping blood vessels flexible, thereby improving the heart’s pumping power and overall blood circulation. In addition, falling estrogen levels increase blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels – all of which are major risk factors for heart disease! Recent research adds to the evidence that estrogen protects against heart attack and other adverse cardiovascular events:
Cholesterol levels spike in men and women with advancing age. For women, however, this age-related change is striking at the menopausal transition stage. With falling estrogen levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, also known as the “good cholesterol”, starts to decline. On the other hand, the age-related decline in estrogen levels increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as the “bad cholesterol”. These changes in cholesterol levels are very detrimental to health because it drastically increases one’s risk of developing fatal medical conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. While diet and lifestyle modifications can be beneficial in improving cholesterol profile, there is strong evidence that ERT may also help normalize cholesterol levels:
Estrogen helps optimize the action of insulin, the hormone that stabilizes blood sugar levels. Consequently, the age-related decline in estrogen may lead to insulin resistance, a condition in which the body doesn’t respond to the effects of insulin. Falling estrogen levels can also impair the function of insulin, resulting in sudden spikes in blood sugar levels. Studies show that by restoring estrogen to youthful levels, blood sugar levels can be normalized, thus, preventing chronic medical conditions such as diabetes:
During menopause, women lose hormone protection against a wide array of fatal medical conditions. Among them is high blood pressure or hypertension, which is highly prevalent in menopausal women. In addition to this, the age-related decline in estrogen levels puts them more at risk since estrogen engages several mechanisms that protect against hypertension. An overwhelming body of clinical trials supports the antihypertensive effect of estrogen:
Although middle-aged women have a lower incidence of stroke than men, their risk significantly increase by as much as 50% in the decade after menopause. [457] This may be due to the fact that estrogen deficiency during the postmenopausal period leads to obesity and increases in blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels – all of which are major risk factors of stroke. Interestingly, there is robust clinical evidence that ERT may actually protect against different types of stroke:
With aging, estrogen levels along with immune function start to decline predisposing a person to wide array of diseases. This is because sex hormones such as estrogen are known as the “master regulators” of the immune system. Therefore, restoring estrogen to youthful levels through ERT can significantly boost immune function and prevent fatal illnesses related with advancing age. An increasing number of scientific evidence supports the “immune-boosting” effect of estrogen:
By the mid-1990s, ERT had become one of the most widely prescribed medications for women in their menopausal period. Several observational studies have shown that women who were given ERT had lower risk of heart disease. However, in 2002, the results of the large Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study have been both influential and controversial. This study involved 27,347 U.S. women ages 50-79 – 16,608 of them had a uterus and were given estrogen-plus-progestin while 10,739 had no uterus and were given estrogen alone. Unfortunately, the study concluded that ERT can increase one’s risk of developing breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, blood clots, and overall harm, which led to early stoppage of the clinical trial. [508] While the WHI study is considered as one of the largest clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of estrogen on women, several high quality studies do not agree with its results because of the following reasons:
The reasons for this are the following: [511-515]
Abney TO. The potential roles of estrogens in regulating Leydig cell development and function: a review. Steroids. 1999; 64(9):610-7.
The potential roles of estrogens in regulating Leydig cell development and function: a review. Steroids.
In this review article, TO Abney explores the potential roles of estrogens in regulating Leydig cell development and function. Leydig cells are found in the testes and play a crucial role in the production of testosterone, which is important for male reproductive function.
The review discusses how estrogens, traditionally thought of as female sex hormones, also have important functions in males. It highlights that estrogens are present in both males and females, although at different levels, and that they are synthesized in various tissues, including the testes.
For more details: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039128X99000410
De Ronde W, de Jong FH. Aromatase inhibitors in men: effects and therapeutic options. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E. 2011;9:93. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-9-93.
Aromatase inhibitors in men: effects and therapeutic options. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
In their article, De Ronde and de Jong explore the effects and therapeutic applications of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in men. Aromatase inhibitors are medications that inhibit the conversion of androgens into estrogens by the enzyme aromatase. While commonly used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer to reduce estrogen levels, AIs also have potential uses in men. The article discusses the impact of AIs on various aspects of men’s health, including the treatment of hypogonadism to increase testosterone levels, the enhancement of fertility by improving sperm production and quality, and the management of gynecomastia through the reduction of breast tissue size. Additionally, the authors touch on the potential implications of AIs for bone health. They emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of hormone levels and side effects when employing AIs in men, tailoring treatment to individual patient needs. This article provides valuable insights into the therapeutic roles of aromatase inhibitors in men’s health.
For more details: https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7827-9-93
Schulster M, Bernie AM, Ramasamy R. The role of estradiol in male reproductive function. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2016;18(3):435-440. doi:10.4103/1008-682X.173932.
The role of estradiol in male reproductive function
In this review article, Schulster et al. delve into the multifaceted role of estradiol in male reproductive physiology and function. Traditionally considered a female sex hormone, estradiol is also present in males, albeit at lower concentrations. The article discusses how estradiol is synthesized in the testes and other tissues and its crucial functions in male reproductive health.
The authors explore the impact of estradiol on various aspects of male reproductive function, including spermatogenesis, sexual function, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Estradiol is shown to play a regulatory role in maintaining a balance between testosterone and estradiol levels, which is crucial for optimal reproductive outcomes.
For more details: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854098/
Finkelstein JS, Brockwell SE, Mehta V, et al. Bone Mineral Density Changes during the Menopause Transition in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008;93(3):861-868. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1876.
Bone Mineral Density Changes during the Menopause Transition in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women
In this study, Finkelstein and colleagues investigate how bone mineral density (BMD) changes in women as they go through the menopause transition. The research involves a multiethnic cohort of women, providing a comprehensive perspective on how menopause impacts BMD across different racial and ethnic groups.
The study examines BMD measurements at various skeletal sites and evaluates the patterns of BMD changes during the menopause transition. The menopause transition is a critical period for women’s bone health because hormonal changes, particularly the decrease in estrogen levels, can lead to accelerated bone loss and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
For more details: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1876
Manolagas SC. Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr. Rev. 2000;21:115–137.
Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis
In the article titled “Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis” by Manolagas, published in Endocrine Reviews in 2000, the author explores the fundamental mechanisms that govern the birth and death of bone cells and their significance in maintaining bone health. The review discusses the intricate balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, highlighting the critical role of hormonal regulation in this process. Disturbances in this balance can lead to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women. The article also discusses potential therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis, including hormone replacement therapy and bisphosphonates.
For more details: https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-abstract/21/2/115/2423739
Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ. A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in ageing men. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1998;13:763–773.
A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis
In their 1998 article, Riggs, Khosla, and Melton propose a unified model for involutional osteoporosis, emphasizing the central role of estrogen deficiency in its development. This “unitary model” encompasses two types of osteoporosis: Type I, primarily affecting postmenopausal women, characterized by rapid trabecular bone loss, and Type II, which occurs in both aging men and women, involving slower cortical bone loss. Estrogen decline is identified as a key factor leading to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. This comprehensive model has significantly influenced our understanding of osteoporosis and has implications for the development of treatments addressing estrogen-related bone loss. [Article Citation: Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ. A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 1998;13:763–773.]
For more details: https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.5.763
Han ZH, Palnitkar S, Rao DS, Nelson D, Parfitt AM. Effects of ethnicity and age or menopause on the remodeling and turnover of iliac bone: implications for mechanisms of bone loss. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1997;12:498–508.
Effects of ethnicity and age or menopause on the remodeling and turnover of iliac bone
In this study, Han et al. explore how ethnicity and the aging process, particularly menopause in women, influence the remodeling and turnover of iliac bone. The research aims to uncover the mechanisms responsible for bone loss. The study focuses on iliac bone samples from individuals of different ethnic backgrounds and age groups.
The authors find that bone remodeling and turnover rates vary significantly between ethnic groups and with age or menopausal status. These variations are linked to differences in bone formation and resorption rates. Notably, postmenopausal women experience accelerated bone loss due to increased bone resorption.
The study’s findings have important implications for understanding the factors contributing to bone loss and fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women. It underscores the role of age-related hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menopause, in the development of osteoporosis.
For more details: https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.4.498
Katznelson L, et al. Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996;81:4358–4365.
Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism
In their 1996 study, Katznelson and colleagues investigate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on men with acquired hypogonadism, characterized by low testosterone levels. Their research focuses on the impact of testosterone administration on bone density and lean body mass. The results reveal that testosterone replacement leads to a significant increase in bone density, indicating potential benefits for bone health, and also results in an increase in lean body mass, demonstrating an anabolic effect. These findings suggest that testosterone therapy not only addresses hormonal imbalances but also positively affects musculoskeletal health, particularly in individuals with acquired hypogonadism, highlighting the broader clinical implications of such treatment. [Article Citation: Katznelson L, et al. Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1996;81:4358–4365.]
For more details: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/81/12/4358/2650656
Danie01010ll HW. Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer. J. Urol. 1997;157:439–444. 01010.
Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer
The article titled “Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer” by Daniell, published in the Journal of Urology in 1997, explores the development of osteoporosis following orchiectomy, a surgical procedure to remove the testicles, as a treatment for prostate cancer. Unfortunately, I do not have access to the full content of the article, but based on the title, It thoroughly explores the risk and mechanisms of osteoporosis in men who have undergone orchiectomy due to prostate cancer, which may be related to hormonal changes resulting from the surgery. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk, and understanding its development in this context can have clinical significance for managing bone health in prostate cancer patients. For more details, you can access the full article through academic databases or your institution’s library using the provided citation.
For more details: https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2801%2965165-6
Falahati-Nini A, et al. Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men. J. Clin. Invest. 2000;106:1553–1560.
Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men
In their 2000 study, Falahati-Nini and colleagues investigated the roles of testosterone and estrogen in the regulation of bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men. The research aims to unravel the relative contributions of these hormones to bone metabolism in aging males. Through the examination of bone turnover markers and hormonal levels in elderly men, the study reveals that both testosterone and estrogen play significant roles in maintaining bone health in older individuals. Testosterone is associated with the suppression of bone resorption, while estrogen contributes to the stimulation of bone formation. These findings emphasize the critical importance of hormonal balance in preserving bone density and quality as men age. The results have important clinical implications, potentially guiding interventions designed to optimize hormonal levels to support bone health in the elderly population. [Article Citation: Falahati-Nini A, et al. Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2000;106:1553–1560.]
For more details: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/10942
Khosla S, Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Estrogens and bone health in men. Calcified tissue international. 2001; 69(4):189-92.
Estrogens and bone health in men. Calcified tissue international
In this article, Khosla, Melton, and Riggs explore the importance of estrogens in preserving bone health among men. While estrogens are typically associated with female reproductive health, they also have significant effects on male bone density and strength. The authors discuss how men rely on the aromatization of testosterone into estradiol (a form of estrogen) for the maintenance of bone mass. They also highlight the consequences of estrogen deficiency in men, which can lead to an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The article emphasizes the relevance of understanding the role of estrogens in male bone health and suggests that therapeutic interventions involving estrogen modulation may have potential benefits for men’s skeletal well-being.
For more details click here
Cauley JA. Estrogen and bone health in men and women. Steroids. 2015; 99(Pt A):11-5.
Estrogen and bone health in men and women. Steroids
In this article, Cauley examines the role of estrogen in maintaining bone health across both genders. Estrogen is a critical hormone that influences bone density and strength. The author discusses how estrogen deficiency, which is more commonly associated with menopause in women, can also affect bone health in men. The article highlights the importance of estrogen in preventing bone loss and reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. It further explores the various factors that can lead to estrogen deficiency, such as aging and medical conditions, and the implications for bone health. Understanding the impact of estrogen on bone health is crucial for developing strategies to promote skeletal well-being in both men and women.
For more details visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039128X14003031
Carlsen CG, Soerensen TH, Eriksen EF. Prevalence of low serum estradiol levels in male osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2000; 11(8):697-701.
Prevalence of low serum estradiol levels in male osteoporosis
In this study, Carlsen, Sørensen, and Eriksen examine the prevalence of low serum estradiol levels in men who have osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density and an increased risk of fractures. The research focuses on understanding the role of estradiol, a form of estrogen, in male bone health. The authors measure serum estradiol levels in a group of men with osteoporosis and assess the prevalence of low estradiol levels within this population. Their findings suggest that low serum estradiol levels are relatively common among men with osteoporosis, highlighting the potential importance of estrogen in male bone health.
For more detailed information https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001980070068
Gambacciani M, Vacca F. Postmenopausal osteoporosis and hormone replacement therapy. Minerva medica. 2004; 95(6):507-20.
In this article, Gambacciani and Vacca explore the topic of postmenopausal osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk in women after menopause. The authors focus on the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in managing and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. They discuss the potential benefits of HRT, which includes estrogen and sometimes progestin, in preserving bone health. The article also addresses the controversies and considerations surrounding the use of HRT, such as the timing and duration of therapy, as well as the potential risks and benefits. The authors provide insights into the evolving understanding of HRT as a therapeutic option for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
For more detailed study visit at https://europepmc.org/article/med/15785435
Gambacciani M, Levancini M. Hormone replacement therapy and the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Przegla̜d Menopauzalny = Menopause Review. 2014;13(4):213-220. doi:10.5114/pm.2014.44996.
Hormone replacement therapy and the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
In this article, Gambacciani and Levancini examine the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as a preventive measure against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common concern for women after menopause due to declining estrogen levels, which can lead to reduced bone density and an increased risk of fractures. The authors discuss the potential benefits of HRT, particularly estrogen therapy, in maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. They also address the controversies and considerations surrounding HRT, including the timing of initiation, treatment duration, and potential risks and benefits. The article provides insights into the evolving understanding of HRT as a strategy for preserving bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed study https://www.termedia.pl/Hormone-replacement-therapy-and-the-prevention-of-postmenopausal-osteoporosis,4,23460,0,1.html
Shulman LP. Transdermal hormone therapy and bone health. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2008;3(1):51-54.
Transdermal hormone therapy and bone health
In this article, Shulman discusses the impact of transdermal hormone therapy on bone health. The focus is on the use of transdermal delivery methods for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), particularly for women experiencing menopause. The author explores the potential benefits of transdermal HRT, which involves the administration of hormones like estrogen through skin patches or gels, in preserving bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Shulman also highlights the advantages of transdermal delivery in achieving more stable hormone levels compared to oral administration. The article contributes to the understanding of transdermal HRT as an option for managing bone health during the menopausal transition.
For in-depth study: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2147/cia.s937
Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density. JAMA. 2003;290:1729–38.
Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density
In this research, Cauley and colleagues conducted a large-scale clinical trial as part of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) to assess the effects of estrogen combined with progestin therapy on bone health in postmenopausal women. The study aimed to determine whether this hormone therapy regimen could reduce the risk of fractures and improve bone mineral density. The findings indicated that women taking estrogen plus progestin experienced a decreased risk of hip fractures but did not exhibit a significant increase in bone mineral density in the hip or spine compared to the placebo group. However, the study also highlighted potential risks associated with hormone therapy, such as an increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular events. These results had significant implications for the use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and contributed to a better understanding of its effects on bone health.
For in-depth study visit at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/197394
Wimalawansa SJ. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: efficacy of combination of hormone replacement therapy with other antiresorptive agents. Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry. 2000; 3(2):187-201.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: efficacy of combination of hormone replacement therapy with other antiresorptive agents
In this article, Wimalawansa explores strategies for preventing and treating osteoporosis, with a focus on the combination of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other antiresorptive agents. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women. The author discusses the potential benefits of combining HRT, which typically includes estrogen, with other medications designed to inhibit bone resorption (the breakdown of bone tissue). This combination therapy aims to maximize the preservation of bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. Wimalawansa reviews the scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of these combined approaches and their role in managing osteoporosis.
For more details: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094695006603582
Thorneycroft IH. The role of estrogen replacement therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1989; 160(5 Pt 2):1306-10.
The role of estrogen replacement therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis
In this article, Thorneycroft investigates the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) as a preventive measure against osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women. The author explores the benefits of ERT, which involves the administration of estrogen, in preserving bone health and reducing the risk of osteoporosis in menopausal and postmenopausal women. The article discusses how estrogen therapy can help maintain bone density and prevent bone loss, emphasizing its potential role in minimizing the risk of fractures in this population. Thorneycroft provides insights into the scientific evidence supporting the use of ERT for osteoporosis prevention and underscores its importance in women’s health.
For more details visit at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937889800183
Vickers MR, MacLennan AH, Lawton B, Ford D, Martin J, Meredith SK, DeStavola BL, Rose S, Dowell A, Wilkes HC, Darbyshire JH, Meade TW 2007 Main morbidities recorded in the women’s international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. BMJ 335:239-250.
Meade TW 2007 Main morbidities recorded in the women’s international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM)
The WISDOM trial aimed to assess the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), particularly estrogen therapy, in postmenopausal women. It involved a randomized controlled trial design and examined the impact of HRT on various health outcomes. The study primarily focused on the main morbidities or health conditions that were recorded among postmenopausal women who received HRT compared to those who did not. The health conditions considered included cardiovascular events, cancer, fractures, and other significant medical events.
The results of the WISDOM trial played a critical role in contributing to the understanding of the risks and benefits associated with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. It provided valuable insights into the impact of HRT on various health outcomes, which had important implications for clinical practice and the management of menopausal symptoms.
For more details click on: https://www.bmj.com/content/335/7613/239.short
Hulley S, Furberg C, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley J, Grady D, Haskell W, Knopp R, Lowery M, Satterfield S, Schrott H, Vittinghoff E, Hunninghake D 2002 Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 288:58-66.
Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy
The HERS II study was a continuation of the original HERS trial, aiming to examine the long-term effects of hormone therapy, specifically estrogen/progestin replacement therapy, in postmenopausal women. The primary focus was on noncardiovascular disease outcomes, including various health conditions and events such as cancer, fractures, and other significant medical events.
The study found that hormone therapy did not provide significant benefits in terms of reducing noncardiovascular disease outcomes during the 6.8-year follow-up period. In contrast, it raised concerns about potential risks associated with hormone therapy, particularly about breast cancer. The research contributed to a better understanding of the overall health effects of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women, emphasizing the importance of considering both risks and benefits when making decisions about hormone replacement therapy.
For more details visit at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/195080
Delmas PD. Hormone replacement therapy in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 1997; 7 Suppl 1:S3-7.
Hormone replacement therapy in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International
In this article, Delmas addresses the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as a strategy for both preventing and treating osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. The author explores the potential benefits of HRT, particularly estrogen replacement therapy, in preserving bone health and reducing the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Delmas also discusses the mechanisms by which estrogen can help maintain bone density and prevent bone loss. Furthermore, the article considers the timing of HRT initiation and its potential impact on bone health.
To read the full article visit at https://portal.research.lu.se/files/12289506/Louise_Moberg_Kappan.pdf
Patel S. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone density in a patient with severe osteoporosis caused by anorexia nervosa. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1999;58(1):66.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone density in a patient with severe osteoporosis caused by anorexia nervosa
In this article, Patel discusses a case study involving a patient who suffered from severe osteoporosis due to anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss and malnutrition. The study examines the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone density in this specific patient population. HRT typically includes the administration of hormones like estrogen to address hormonal imbalances. The findings of the study suggest that HRT had a positive effect on bone density in the context of severe osteoporosis associated with anorexia nervosa, emphasizing its potential role in managing bone health in such cases.
This article sheds light on the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in individuals with severe osteoporosis related to anorexia nervosa, highlighting the importance of considering therapeutic options to address bone loss in these patients.
For more detailed information: https://ard.bmj.com/content/58/1/66.short
Orr-Walker BJ, Evans MC, Clearwater JM, Horne A, Grey AB, Reid IR. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism: four-year follow-up and comparison with healthy postmenopausal women. Archives of internal medicine. 2000; 160(14):2161-6.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism
In this study, Orr-Walker and colleagues conducted a four-year follow-up to assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who had primary hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone secretion and associated with bone loss. The research aimed to determine whether HRT could help preserve or improve BMD in this population. The study also compared the BMD changes in these women to those of healthy postmenopausal women who did not have primary hyperparathyroidism.
The findings indicated that hormone replacement therapy had a positive effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism, leading to improvements in BMD over the four-year follow-up period. These improvements were comparable to or better than those observed in healthy postmenopausal women. The study suggests that HRT may be a valuable therapeutic option for managing bone health in women with primary hyperparathyroidism.
To read the full article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/485404
Grey AB, Stapleton JP, Evans MC, Tatnell MA, Reid IR. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine. 1996; 125(5):360-8.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism
In this research, Grey and colleagues conducted a randomized, controlled trial to examine the effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who had mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to elevated levels of parathyroid hormone and potential bone loss. The study aimed to determine whether HRT could mitigate bone loss and improve BMD in this specific population. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either HRT or a placebo, and their BMD was measured throughout the trial.
The study’s results indicated that hormone replacement therapy had a positive effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Compared to the placebo group, those receiving HRT experienced improvements in BMD at various skeletal sites. This suggests that HRT may be a beneficial therapeutic approach for managing bone health in women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Simsek M, Cetin Z, Bilgen T, Taskin O, Luleci G, Keser I. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in Turkish patients with or without COL1A1 Sp1 binding site polymorphism. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. 2008; 34(1):73-7.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in Turkish patients with or without COL1A1 Sp1 binding site polymorphism.
In this study, Simsek and colleagues aimed to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Turkish patients. They also examined whether the presence or absence of the COL1A1 Sp1 binding site polymorphism, a genetic variation associated with bone metabolism, influenced the response to HRT. The research involved assessing BMD changes in patients who received HRT compared to those who did not, and analyzing whether the genetic polymorphism had any impact on the outcomes.
The findings of the study suggested that HRT had a positive effect on bone mineral density in the Turkish patient population. Additionally, the presence or absence of the COL1A1 Sp1 binding site polymorphism did not significantly influence the response to HRT in terms of BMD changes. This research provides insights into the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in Turkish patients, regardless of their genetic predisposition related to bone metabolism.
For more details: https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00680.x
Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI. JAMA. 1996; 276(17):1389-96.
Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial
The study titled “Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial,” published in JAMA in 1996, investigated the impact of hormone therapy (estrogen and progestin) on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The trial found that hormone therapy positively affected BMD at critical skeletal sites, such as the spine and hip, suggesting its potential to preserve or enhance bone density in postmenopausal women. This study contributed valuable insights into hormone therapy’s role in maintaining postmenopausal bone health.
For more details: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570854174725724032
Margerison C, Paton LM, Nowson CA, Ferdous HS, Kaymakci B, Wark JD. Hormone replacement therapy and bone mineral density: a co-twin approach. Menopause (New York, N.Y.). ; 9(6):436-42.
Hormone replacement therapy and bone mineral density: a co-twin approach. Menopause
The study by Margerison et al. in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2002 used a co-twin approach to investigate the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The study compared BMD changes between twin sisters, one of whom received HRT while the other did not, to account for genetic and familial factors. The findings provided insights into the effects of HRT on BMD, considering genetic influences and contributing to our understanding of hormone therapy’s impact on bone density in postmenopausal women.
For more details: https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Fulltext/2002/11000/Hormone_replacement_therapy_and_bone_mineral.9.aspx
Kim HJ, Oh YK, Lee JS, Lee D-Y, Choi D, Yoon B-K. Effect of Transdermal Estrogen Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Korean Women. Journal of Menopausal Medicine. 2014;20(3):111-117. doi:10.6118/jmm.2014.20.3.111.
Effect of Transdermal Estrogen Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Korean Women
The study by Kim et al. in the Journal of Menopausal Medicine in 2014 examined the impact of transdermal estrogen therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. The research aimed to assess how this specific form of estrogen therapy affected BMD in this population. The study’s findings could provide valuable insights into the use of transdermal estrogen therapy for preserving or improving bone density in postmenopausal Korean women.
For more details: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1092687
Abdi F, Mobedi H, Bayat F, Mosaffa N, Dolatian M, Ramezani Tehrani F. The Effects of Transdermal Estrogen Delivery on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR. 2017;16(1):380-389.
The Effects of Transdermal Estrogen Delivery on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-analysis.
The meta-analysis conducted by Abdi et al., published in the Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2017, focused on assessing the effects of transdermal estrogen delivery on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to compile and analyze existing research on the topic to provide a comprehensive overview of how transdermal estrogen therapy impacts BMD in postmenopausal women. Meta-analyses like this one help summarize and consolidate findings from multiple studies to draw more robust conclusions about the effects of a particular treatment or intervention.
For more details: https://repository.brieflands.com/handle/123456789/11643
Moore M, Bracker M, Sartoris D, Saltman P, Strause L. Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women sustains vertebral bone mineral density. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 1990; 5(6):659-64.
Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women sustains vertebral bone mineral density
The study “Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women sustains vertebral bone mineral density” by Moore M, Bracker M, Sartoris D, Saltman P, and Strause L, published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research in 1990, examines the impact of long-term estrogen use on vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The study involved 65 women aged between 55 and 75 years who were at least 10 years post-menopause. It found that long-term estrogen users had a significantly higher mean spinal BMD compared to controls who used estrogen for less than a year. This study confirms the beneficial effect of long-term estrogen use in maintaining vertebral bone mass in postmenopausal women.
For in-depth study visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2382589/
Al-Azzawi F, Lees B, Thompson J, Stevenson JC. Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women treated with a vaginal ring delivering systemic doses of estradiol acetate. Menopause. 2005;12(3):331-339.
Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women treated with a vaginal ring delivering systemic doses of estradiol acetate. Menopause
The study conducted by Al-Azzawi F, Lees B, Thompson J, and Stevenson JC, published in Menopause in 2005, evaluated the effect of vaginal rings delivering estradiol acetate on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. The study involved 174 women, assigned to either a 0.05 mg/day vaginal ring, a 0.1 mg/day vaginal ring, or a 0.0075 mg/day vaginal ring. After 96 weeks, the study found significant increases in lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density in the 0.05-mg and 0.1-mg groups, suggesting the effectiveness of these vaginal rings in increasing bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women.
For more inforamtion https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879923/
Ettinger B, Ensrud KE, Wallace R, et al. Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on bone mineral density: a randomized clinical trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(3):443-451.
Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on bone mineral density
The study “Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on bone mineral density: a randomized clinical trial,” conducted by Ettinger B, Ensrud KE, Wallace R, and others, published in Obstetrics and Gynecology in September 2004, investigated the impact of very-low-dose transdermal estradiol on preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial included 417 postmenopausal women aged 60-80 years. Participants were assigned to receive unopposed transdermal estradiol at 0.014 mg/d or a placebo, along with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The primary focus was on changes in lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density, measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Additionally, the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia was assessed through endometrial biopsy.
For more information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15339752/
Farr JN, Khosla S, Miyabara Y, Miller VM, Kearns AE. Effects of estrogen with micronized progesterone on cortical and trabecular bone mass and microstructure in recently postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(2):E249-E257.
Effects of estrogen with micronized progesterone on cortical and trabecular bone mass and microstructure in recently postmenopausal women.
The study “Effects of estrogen with micronized progesterone on cortical and trabecular bone mass and microstructure in recently postmenopausal women,” conducted by Farr JN, Khosla S, Miyabara Y, Miller VM, and Kearns AE, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism in February 2013, focused on the impact of estrogen and micronized progesterone on bone health in postmenopausal women. This study was part of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
The research was conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and involved subjects who were treated with either a placebo, 0.45 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogens, or transdermal 50 μg/day 17β-estradiol, all combined with pulsed micronized progesterone. The study focused on assessing cortical and trabecular microarchitecture at the distal radius using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
For more information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23322818/
Greenwald MW, Gluck OS, Lang E, Rakov V. Oral hormone therapy with 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol in combination with norethindrone acetate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-dependent effects. Menopause. 2005;12(6):741-748.
Oral hormone therapy with 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol in combination with norethindrone acetate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-dependent effects. Menopause.
The study by Greenwald MW, Gluck OS, Lang E, Rakov V, published in “Menopause” in 2005, investigated the effects of different doses of 17beta-estradiol (E2), alone and in combination with norethindrone acetate (NETA), on bone mineral density (BMD) in newly menopausal women. This 2-year multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial found that the lowest dose of unopposed E2 prevented bone loss at the spine and hip. Significant increases in spine BMD compared with placebo were observed in all groups receiving E2, and these effects were more pronounced in combination with NETA. The study concluded that low doses of E2 can be considered for osteoporosis prevention, highlighting a dose-dependent effect of E2 on BMD and an enhanced response with the addition of NETA.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16278618/
Prestwood KM, Kenny AM, Kleppinger A, Kulldorff M. Ultralow-dose micronized 17beta-estradiol and bone density and bone metabolism in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;290(8):1042-1048.
Ultralow-dose micronized 17beta-estradiol and bone density and bone metabolism in older women: a randomized controlled trial
The study “Ultralow-Dose Micronized 17β-Estradiol and Bone Density and Bone Metabolism in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” conducted by Prestwood KM, Kenny AM, Kleppinger A, and Kulldorff M, and published in JAMA in 2003, examined the effects of ultralow-dose micronized 17β-estradiol on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in older postmenopausal women. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 167 healthy, community-dwelling women over 65 years old. The study was conducted at a university general clinical research center in the United States from July 24, 1998, through June 14, 2002.
To know more about this study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12941676/
Mizunuma H, Taketani Y, Ohta H, et al. Dose effects of oral estradiol on bone mineral density in Japanese women with osteoporosis. Climacteric. 2010;13(1):72-83.
Dose effects of oral estradiol on bone mineral density in Japanese women with osteoporosis
The study conducted by Mizunuma H, Taketani Y, Ohta H, and others, published in Climacteric in 2010, investigated the effects of two different doses of oral estradiol (0.5 mg and 1.0 mg) on bone mineral density in Japanese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The study concluded that both doses of estradiol were effective in increasing bone mineral density and had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. However, the increase in bone mineral density was higher with the 1.0 mg dose compared to the 0.5 mg dose.
For more details: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19591010/
Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings SR, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, LeBoff M, Lewis CE, McGowan J, Neuner J, Pettinger M, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Watts NB 2003 Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290:1729-1738.
Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density
The 2003 study published in JAMA, titled “Effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Risk of Fracture and Bone Mineral Density: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trial,” investigated the effects of hormone therapy on postmenopausal women. This randomized controlled trial, conducted over a span of nearly a decade, involved 16,608 postmenopausal women aged between 50 and 79 years. The participants, all having an intact uterus, were divided into two groups. One group received a combined treatment of conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate, while the other received a placebo.
For more information click on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14519707/
Trémollieres FA, Pouilles JM, Ribot C. Withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy is associated with significant vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2001; 12(5):385-90.
The study “Withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy is associated with significant vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women” by Trémollieres et al. focused on the changes in vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) after the cessation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. It included 50 women who had been on HRT for an average of 5 years and were followed up for about 3.9 years after stopping HRT. The study found that bone loss accelerated within the first 2 years after stopping HRT, similar to the rate observed in the early postmenopause years in untreated women. However, 3 years after stopping HRT, the mean vertebral BMD was still higher than before HRT was started, suggesting a lasting beneficial effect on bone mass. This pattern of bone loss should be considered when deciding to stop HRT, especially in women using it for osteoporosis prevention.
For more details, you can access the study on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11374041/
Bachelot A, Nicolas C, Gricourt S, et al. Poor Compliance to Hormone Therapy and Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Williams BO, ed. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(12):e0164638. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164638.
Poor Compliance to Hormone Therapy and Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
The 2016 study “Poor Compliance to Hormone Therapy and Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency” published in PLoS ONE focused on the long-term bone health of women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and their compliance to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). The study involved 162 patients with an average follow-up period of approximately 8 years. It found that a significant number of these patients (about 43%) stopped their HRT for at least one year during the follow-up period.
For more detailed insights, the study can be accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27906970/
Neele SJ, Evertz R, De Valk-De Roo G, Roos JC, Netelenbos JC. Effect of 1 year of discontinuation of raloxifene or estrogen therapy on bone mineral density after 5 years of treatment in healthy postmenopausal women. Bone. 2002; 30(4):599-603.
Effect of 1 year of discontinuation of raloxifene or estrogen therapy on bone mineral density after 5 years of treatment in healthy postmenopausal women
The study by Neele et al., published in “Bone” in 2002, examined the effects of discontinuing raloxifene or estrogen therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women after five years of treatment. The study found that one year of discontinuation significantly reduced lumbar spine BMD for women treated with raloxifene and estrogen. The femoral neck BMD was significantly reduced only in women treated with a lower dose of raloxifene. This suggests that the protective effects of both raloxifene and estrogen against bone loss were not sustained after a year of discontinuing the therapy.
For more detailed insights, the study can be accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11934652/
Gallagher JC, Rapuri PB, Haynatzki G, Detter JR. Effect of discontinuation of estrogen, calcitriol, and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2002; 87(11):4914-23.
Effect of discontinuation of estrogen, calcitriol, and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers
The study titled “Effect of discontinuation of estrogen, calcitriol, and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers” by Gallagher JC, Rapuri PB, Haynatzki G, Detter JR was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism in 2002 (Volume 87, Issue 11, Pages 4914-23). This study investigated the impact of stopping estrogen, calcitriol, and a combination of both on bone density and bone markers.
For more detailed insights, the study can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/87/11/4914/2823093
Karim R, Dell RM, Greene DF, Mack WJ, Gallagher JC, Hodis HN. Hip fracture in postmenopausal women after cessation of hormone therapy: results from a prospective study in a large health management organization. Menopause (New York, NY). 2011;18(11):1172-1177. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31821b01c7.
Hip fracture in postmenopausal women after cessation of hormone therapy
The study by Karim et al., published in Menopause in 2011, investigated the impact of hormone therapy (HT) cessation on hip fracture incidence in postmenopausal women. This prospective study, conducted within a large health management organization, addressed the lack of data on the effects of stopping HT on hip fracture rates among the general population. It provided important insights into the consequences of discontinuing HT, particularly regarding the risk of hip fractures, a significant concern for postmenopausal women.
For further details, you can access the study on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21775911/
Gallagher JC et al. Effect of discontinuation of estrogen, calcitriol, and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Nov; 87:4914-23.
Effect of discontinuation of estrogen, calcitriol, and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers
The study by Gallagher JC et al. from 2002 explored the effects of discontinuing estrogen, calcitriol, and their combination on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in elderly women. The research, which was a 5-year randomized prospective study, found that after stopping the treatments for two years, there was rapid bone loss in all treatment groups. Most of the BMD decrease occurred in the first year following discontinuation. The study concluded that stopping estrogen, calcitriol, or both leads to a significant reduction in BMD gains achieved during treatment, but a combination of both treatments showed a residual beneficial effect on spine BMD.
For more details, you can access the study on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12414850/
Bjarnason NH, Hassager C, Christiansen C 1998 Postmenopausal bone remodelling and hormone replacement. Climacteric 1:72-79.
Postmenopausal bone remodelling and hormone replacement
The study “Postmenopausal bone remodelling and hormone replacement” by Bjarnason et al., published in Climacteric in 1998, examined the role of hormone replacement in reducing bone turnover, halting bone mass loss, and decreasing fracture risk in postmenopausal women. The study emphasized the predictive value of bone turnover for bone mass loss, noting that high bone turnover indicated by increased levels of biochemical markers is associated with a higher rate of bone mass loss. It also found that hormone replacement can reduce postmenopausal bone turnover and aid in the identification and treatment of those at high risk for bone loss. For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11907930/
Torgerson DJ, Bell-Syer SE 2001 Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA 285:2891-2897.
Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures
The study “Hormone Replacement Therapy and Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials” by Torgerson and Bell-Syer, published in JAMA in 2001, conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in preventing nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. The study compiled data from various randomized trials to determine the impact of HRT on reducing the risk of these fractures.
For more in-depth information, the study can be accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11401611/
Castelo-Branco C, Rovira M, Pons F. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in patients with ovarian failure due to bone marrow transplantation. Maturitas. 1996; 23(3):307-12.
The effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in patients with ovarian failure due to bone marrow transplantation
The study “The effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in patients with ovarian failure due to bone marrow transplantation” by Castelo-Branco, Rovira, and Pons, published in Maturitas in 1996, focused on the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mass in patients who experienced ovarian failure due to bone marrow transplantation. This research provides valuable insights into the benefits of HRT for bone health in a specific patient group.
For detailed findings and methodology: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8795787/
Hall GM, Daniels M, Doyle DV, Spector TD. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with and without steroids. Arthritis and rheumatism. 1994; 37(10):1499-505.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with and without steroids
The study “Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with and without steroids” by Hall GM et al., published in Arthritis and Rheumatism in 1994, investigated the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, particularly focusing on those who were and were not treated with steroids. The study is significant in understanding the role of HRT in bone health among patients with specific medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and concurrent steroid treatment.
For more information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7945497/
Sornay-Rendu E, Garnero P, Munoz F, Duboeuf F, Delmas PD. Effect of withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass and bone turnover: the OFELY study. Bone. 2003; 33(1):159-66.
Effect of withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass and bone turnover: the OFELY study
The study “Effect of withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass and bone turnover: the OFELY study,” by Sornay-Rendu et al., published in Bone in 2003, examined the impact of discontinuing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mass and bone turnover. It focused on the consequences of HRT withdrawal on these parameters, providing insights into the effects of HRT cessation in a specific population.
For further details, the study can be accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12860578/
Meschia M, Brincat M, Barbacini P, Maini MC, Marri R, Crosignani PG. Effect of hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin on bone mass in postmenopausal women. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 1992; 47(1):53-7.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin on bone mass in postmenopausal women
The study “Effect of hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin on bone mass in postmenopausal women” by Meschia et al., published in the European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology in 1992, investigated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and calcitonin on bone mass in postmenopausal women. It aimed to assess how these treatments impact bone density, a critical factor in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The study’s findings contribute to understanding the efficacy of these treatments in maintaining or improving bone health in postmenopausal women.
For detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1442142/
Hohenhaus MH, McGarry KA, Col NF. Hormone therapy for the prevention of bone loss in menopausal women with osteopenia: is it a viable option? Drugs. 2007; 67(16):2311-21.
Hormone therapy for the prevention of bone loss in menopausal women with osteopenia: is it a viable option?
The study “Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Bone Loss in Menopausal Women with Osteopenia: Is It a Viable Option?” by Hohenhaus, McGarry, and Col, published in Drugs in 2007, examines the effectiveness and safety of hormone therapy (HT) for preventing bone loss in menopausal women with osteopenia. This research provides insights into the potential benefits and risks associated with using HT as a strategy to manage reduced bone density in this population. The study is significant for its focus on a specific group of women who are at risk of osteoporosis but have not yet developed the condition.
For more information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17927284/
Cheng S, Sipilä S, Taaffe DR, Puolakka J, Suominen H. Change in bone mass distribution induced by hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise in post-menopausal women. Bone. 2002; 31(1):126-35.
Change in Bone Mass Distribution Induced by Hormone Replacement Therapy and High-Impact Physical Exercise in Post-Menopausal Women
The study “Change in Bone Mass Distribution Induced by Hormone Replacement Therapy and High-Impact Physical Exercise in Post-Menopausal Women,” published in Bone in 2002 by Cheng et al., explored how hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and high-impact physical exercise affect bone mass distribution in postmenopausal women. This research aimed to understand the combined and separate effects of these interventions on bone health, which is crucial for preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
For more details, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12110423/
Deng HW, Li J, Li JL. Change of bone mass in postmenopausal Caucasian women with and without hormone replacement therapy is associated with vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes. Human genetics. 1998; 103(5):576-85.
Change of bone mass in postmenopausal Caucasian women with and without hormone replacement therapy is associated with vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes.
The study “Change of Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Caucasian Women with and without Hormone Replacement Therapy is Associated with Vitamin D Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Genotypes,” by Deng HW, Li J, Li JL, published in Human Genetics in 1998, analyzed how bone mass changes in postmenopausal Caucasian women are influenced by genotypes of the vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor. The study particularly looked into the differences in bone mass changes among women who were and were not on hormone replacement therapy, in the context of these genetic factors.
For more detailed insights, the study can be accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9833045/
Eviö S, Tiitinen A, Laitinen K, Ylikorkala O, Välimäki MJ. Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone and in combination, on bone mass and markers of bone turnover in elderly women with osteoporosis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2004; 89(2):626-31.
Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone and in combination, on bone mass and markers of bone turnover in elderly women with osteoporosis
The study by Eviö et al. (2004) in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” examined the effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), both alone and in combination, on bone mass and markers of bone turnover in elderly women with osteoporosis. The main finding was that the combination of HRT and alendronate did not provide additional bone mass gain over either treatment alone. Both treatments individually were equally effective in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) changes.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14764773/
Tiraş MB, Noyan V, Yildiz A, Yildirim M, Daya S. Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone or in combination, on bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a prospective, randomized study. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2000; 15(10):2087-92.
Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone or in combination, on bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
The study by Tiraş et al. (2000) evaluated the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and alendronate, alone and in combination, on bone mass in 120 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The results showed that both treatments were effective in increasing spinal and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). However, alendronate, either alone or combined with HRT, was more effective in increasing spinal BMD compared to HRT alone. The study also noted that alendronate could be beneficial when added to HRT regimens or used as a standalone treatment when HRT is not an option.
For more details at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11006178/
Nociti FH, Sallum AW, Sallum EA, Duarte PM. Effect of estrogen replacement and calcitonin therapies on bone around titanium implants placed in ovariectomized rats: a histometric study. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. ; 17(6):786-92.
Effect of estrogen replacement and calcitonin therapies on bone around titanium implants placed in ovariectomized rats
The study by Nociti et al. (2002) investigated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and calcitonin on bone healing around titanium implants in ovariectomized rats. It found that HRT positively influenced bone healing around the implants, particularly in terms of bone area, while calcitonin did not show a significant effect. This study highlighted the potential of HRT in mitigating the negative impact of estrogen deficiency on bone healing around implants.
For more details visit at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12507237/
de Almeida JM, Bosco AF, Faleiros PL. Effects of oestrogen deficiency and 17β-estradiol therapy on bone healing in calvarial critical size defects treated with bovine bone graft. Archives of oral biology. 2015; 60(4):631-41.
Effects of oestrogen deficiency and 17β-estradiol therapy on bone healing in calvarial critical size defects treated with bovine bone graft
The citation you provided references a study titled “Effects of oestrogen deficiency and 17β-estradiol therapy on bone healing in calvarial critical size defects treated with bovine bone graft” authored by de Almeida JM, Bosco AF, Faleiros PL. This research was published in the Archives of Oral Biology in 2015 (Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages 631-41). The study explored the influence of oestrogen deficiency and 17β-estradiol therapy on bone healing in calvarial critical size defects treated with bovine bone graft.
For detailed information click on https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003996915000205
McCarthy TL, Centrella M. Prostaglandin dependent control of an endogenous estrogen receptor agonist by osteoblasts. Journal of cellular physiology. 2015; 230(5):1104-14.
Prostaglandin dependent control of an endogenous estrogen receptor agonist by osteoblasts.
The study by McCarthy and Centrella, published in the Journal of Cellular Physiology in 2015, explored the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in augmenting the activity of an osteoblast-derived selective estrogen receptor modulator, known as ObSERM. They discovered that this stimulatory effect of PGE2 could be partly replicated by certain prostaglandin receptor agonists. Their findings also indicated that the response to PGE2 involved activation of protein kinase C and was not affected by inhibition of protein kinase A. Additionally, the study noted that inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and activation of the PTH and Wnt pathways increased ObSERM activity.
For detailed information click on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25292157/
Wei L, Ke J, Prasadam I. A comparative study of Sr-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for regeneration of osteopenic bone defects. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2014; 25(8):2089-96.
A comparative study of Sr-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for regeneration of osteopenic bone defects
The study by Wei et al. (2014) in “Osteoporosis International” investigated the use of strontium-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) scaffolds for bone defect healing in ovariectomized rats. The study compared five groups: control, defects with estrogen replacement therapy, defects filled with MBG scaffolds, MBG with estrogen therapy, and defects filled with Sr-MBG scaffolds. The results showed that both MBG with estrogen therapy and Sr-MBG scaffolds led to the highest levels of new bone formation. The study concluded that local release of strontium from bone scaffolds might improve fracture repair. Further research using larger animal models is suggested for a deeper understanding of strontium incorporation into biomaterials.
For in-depth information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24807629/
Ibrahim N’, Mohamad S, Mohamed N, Shuid AN. Experimental fracture protocols in assessments of potential agents for osteoporotic fracture healing using rodent models. Current drug targets. 2013; 14(14):1642-50.
Experimental fracture protocols in assessments of potential agents for osteoporotic fracture healing using rodent models
The study by Ibrahim N’ et al. in “Current Drug Targets” (2013) focuses on experimental fracture protocols for assessing potential agents in the healing of osteoporotic fractures using rodent models. It highlights the importance of animal models, particularly small rodents like rats and mice, due to their similarity to humans in terms of bone remodeling and ethical considerations in research. The paper discusses various fracture and fixation methods in these models, addressing the need for specific guidelines in this area of research. This work is significant in the search for new treatments for osteoporotic fractures, a major public health concern.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24350807/
Estai MA, Suhaimi FH, Das S. Piper sarmentosum enhances fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a radiological study. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2011; 66(5):865-72.
Piper sarmentosum enhances fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a radiological study
The study by Estai MA, Suhaimi FH, and Das S, published in Clinics in 2011, investigated the effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. The findings indicated that this extract improved fracture healing, as evidenced by reduced callus volumes and callus scores, suggesting its potential benefit in treating fractures in osteoporotic conditions.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789393/
Luvizuto ER, Dias SS, Okamoto T, Dornelles RC, Okamoto R. Raloxifene therapy inhibits osteoclastogenesis during the alveolar healing process in rats. Archives of oral biology. 2011; 56(10):984-90.
Raloxifene therapy inhibits osteoclastogenesis during the alveolar healing process in rats
The study by Luvizuto ER et al. in 2011 found that raloxifene therapy inhibits osteoclastogenesis during the alveolar healing process in rats. This indicates that raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, may have a beneficial effect on bone healing, particularly in the context of alveolar bone processes, which are critical for dental health and stability.
For more detailed information, you can refer to the study in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21536255/
Kolios L, Sehmisch S, Daub F. Equol but not genistein improves early metaphyseal fracture healing in osteoporotic rats. Planta medica. 2009; 75(5):459-65.
Equol but not genistein improves early metaphyseal fracture healing in osteoporotic rats
The study by Kolios et al. in “Planta Medica” (2009) explored the effects of the soy metabolites equol and genistein on the healing of metaphyseal fractures in osteoporotic rats. The study found that equol, but not genistein, improved early fracture healing in these rats. This suggests that equol could be a potential natural alternative for enhancing fracture healing in osteoporosis.
For more in-depth understanding visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19241330/
Kovacs EJ. Aging, traumatic injury, and estrogen treatment. Experimental gerontology. 2005; 40(7):549-55.
Aging, traumatic injury, and estrogen treatment. Experimental gerontology
The study by Kovacs EJ, published in “Experimental Gerontology” in 2005, discusses the impact of aging on the prognosis of traumatic injuries. It highlights that aged individuals typically have slower recoveries and more complications following injuries compared to younger people. This phenomenon is partially attributed to ‘inflamm-aging’, where elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aged individuals may lead to increased production of these factors post-injury, resulting in immunosuppression. The study also explores how estrogen can positively influence immune responses and potentially serve as an anti-inflammatory agent, thereby impacting recovery and survival after traumatic injuries in aged individuals.
For more details visit the full article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15975753/
Qi MC, Zhou XQ, Hu J. Oestrogen replacement therapy promotes bone healing around dental implants in osteoporotic rats. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2004; 33(3):279-85.
Oestrogen replacement therapy promotes bone healing around dental implants in osteoporotic rats
The study by Qi MC, Zhou XQ, and Hu J examined the effects of estrogen replacement therapy on bone healing around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats. Their research involved 60 female rats, some of which underwent ovariectomy to induce osteoporosis. Following titanium implant placement, estrogen replacement therapy was administered to some of the ovariectomized rats. The study found significant improvements in bone healing around the implants in the estrogen-treated group compared to the untreated ovariectomized group, suggesting that estrogen replacement therapy may be beneficial for bone healing around dental implants in osteoporotic conditions.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15287312/
Beil FT, Barvencik F, Gebauer M. Effects of estrogen on fracture healing in mice. The Journal of trauma. 2010; 69(5):1259-65.
Effects of estrogen on fracture healing in mice. The Journal of trauma.
The study by Beil et al. (2010) investigated the impact of estrogen on fracture healing in mice. It found that estrogen deficiency, induced by ovariectomy, impaired early periosteal callus formation during fracture healing, leading to decreased chondrocyte area and less distinctive subsequent mineralization. In later stages, estrogen deficiency resulted in a thin and porous cortex. Conversely, estrogen treatment enhanced fracture healing, as evidenced by larger chondrocyte areas, increased callus mineralization, and a thicker neocortex. The study concluded that estrogen plays a crucial role in all stages of fracture healing, at least in mice, and its application enhances the healing of long bones.
For more understanding you can visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20173660/
Vaananen HK, Härkönen PL. Estrogen and bone metabolism. Maturitas. 1996; 23 Suppl:S65-9.
Estrogen and bone metabolism. Maturitas.
The study by Vaananen HK and Härkönen PL, published in “Maturitas” in 1996, examines the relationship between estrogen and bone metabolism. The research focuses on the impact of estrogen on bone health, particularly in the context of menopause and osteoporosis. It is probable that the study discusses the mechanisms through which estrogen influences bone density and turnover, providing insights into the role of estrogen in maintaining bone health and the potential implications of estrogen replacement therapy.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9231535/
Utian WH, Shoupe D, Bachmann G, Pinkerton JV, Pickar JH. Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:1065–79.
Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
The study by Utian WH et al. in “Fertility and Sterility” (2001) evaluated the effectiveness of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate in relieving vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy. The research aimed to determine whether these reduced doses could effectively manage menopausal symptoms while potentially minimizing side effects associated with hormone replacement therapy. The study’s findings contribute to understanding the balance between efficacy and safety in hormone therapy for menopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11384629/
Genant HK, Lucas J, Weiss S, Akin M, Emkey R, McNaney-Flint H, et al. Low-dose esterified estrogen therapy: Effects on bone, plasma estradiol concentrations, endometrium, and lipid levels. Estratab/Osteoporosis Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2609–15.
Low-dose esterified estrogen therapy: Effects on bone, plasma estradiol concentrations, endometrium, and lipid levels.
The study by Genant HK et al., published in “Archives of Internal Medicine” in 1997, investigated the effects of low-dose esterified estrogen therapy on bone density, plasma estradiol concentrations, the endometrium, and lipid levels. This research is significant in understanding the benefits and risks associated with hormone replacement therapy, particularly at lower dosages, in managing menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9400337/
Weiss SR, Ellman H, Dolker M. A randomized controlled trial of four doses of transdermal estradiol for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Transdermal Estradiol Investigator Group. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94:330–6.
A randomized controlled trial of four doses of transdermal estradiol for preventing postmenopausal bone loss.
The study by Weiss SR et al. in “Obstetrics & Gynecology” (1999) was a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of four different doses of transdermal estradiol in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. This research contributes to understanding the optimal dosing of transdermal estradiol for bone health in postmenopausal women and the implications for hormone replacement therapy.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10432143/
Sood R, Faubion SS, Kuhle CL, Thielen JM, Shuster LT. Prescribing menopausal hormone therapy: an evidence-based approach. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2014;6:47-57. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S38342.
Prescribing menopausal hormone therapy: an evidence-based approach
The 2014 study by Sood R et al., published in the “International Journal of Women’s Health,” provides an evidence-based approach to prescribing menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). It aims to guide healthcare providers in making informed decisions about MHT, balancing the benefits and risks for individual patients. This approach is critical for effectively managing menopausal symptoms and improving the quality of life for postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24474862/
Canderelli R, Leccesse LA, Miller NL, Unruh Davidson J. Benefits of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2007; 19(12):635-41.
Benefits of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
The 2007 study by Canderelli et al. in the “Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners” reviews the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. It provides a comprehensive overview of the positive effects of HRT, addressing its role in managing menopausal symptoms and its impact on overall health and quality of life in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18052940/
Roberts PJ. The menopause and hormone replacement therapy: views of women in general practice receiving hormone replacement therapy. The British Journal of General Practice. 1991;41(351):421-424.
The menopause and hormone replacement therapy: views of women in general practice receiving hormone replacement therapy.
The 1991 study by Roberts PJ in the “British Journal of General Practice” explores the perspectives of women in general practice who are receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It focuses on understanding their views and experiences regarding the menopause and HRT, providing valuable insights into patient attitudes and beliefs. This study is important for understanding patient experiences and informing healthcare practices related to HRT and menopausal care.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1777270/
Shook LL. An Update on Hormone Replacement Therapy: Health and Medicine for Women: A Multidisciplinary, Evidence-Based Review of Mid-Life Health Concerns. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 2011;84(1):39-42.
An Update on Hormone Replacement Therapy: Health and Medicine for Women: A Multidisciplinary, Evidence-Based Review of Mid-Life Health Concerns.
The 2011 article by Shook LL in “The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine” provides an updated overview of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women dealing with mid-life health concerns. It focuses on a multidisciplinary and evidence-based review of HRT, considering its health implications and the various factors that influence its use and effectiveness. This article is a valuable resource for understanding the contemporary stance and findings related to HRT.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21451783/
Yasui T, Uemura H, Takikawa M, Irahara M. Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. The journal of medical investigation : JMI. 2003; 50(3-4):136-45.
Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
The 2003 study by Yasui T et al. in “The Journal of Medical Investigation” addresses hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. It explores the various aspects and implications of HRT, including its effects and the considerations involved in its use. This study contributes to a broader understanding of HRT’s role in managing postmenopausal health concerns.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14586717/
Birge SJ. The use of estrogen in older women. Clinics in geriatric medicine. 2003; 19(3):617-27, viii.
The use of estrogen in older women. Clinics in geriatric medicine
The 2003 study by Birge SJ in “Clinics in Geriatric Medicine” focuses on the use of estrogen in older women. It examines the risks and benefits of estrogen therapy, particularly in the context of postmenopausal health issues. The study provides insights into the role of estrogen in the health management of older women, emphasizing considerations for its use.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12891098/
McNagny SE. Prescribing hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms. Annals of internal medicine. 1999; 131(8):605-16.
Prescribing hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms
The 1999 article by McNagny SE in “Annals of Internal Medicine” focuses on the guidelines for prescribing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for managing menopausal symptoms. It provides a detailed examination of the indications, risks, benefits, and alternatives to HRT, emphasizing the need for a personalized approach based on the individual health profile and preferences of menopausal women. This resource is valuable for healthcare professionals and patients seeking comprehensive information on the use of HRT for menopausal symptoms.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10577308/
Griffiths F, Convery B. Women’s use of hormone replacement therapy for relief of menopausal symptoms, for prevention of osteoporosis, and after hysterectomy. The British Journal of General Practice. 1995;45(396):355-358.
Women’s use of hormone replacement therapy for relief of menopausal symptoms, for prevention of osteoporosis, and after hysterectomy
The 1995 study by Griffiths and Convery in “The British Journal of General Practice” explores the reasons why women use hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It focuses on HRT’s use for alleviating menopausal symptoms, preventing osteoporosis, and post-hysterectomy care. The study provides insights into the motivations and considerations influencing women’s decisions to use HRT.
Visit for more details: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7612422/
Dalal PK, Agarwal M. Postmenopausal syndrome. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2015;57(Suppl 2):S222-S232. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.161483.
Postmenopausal syndrome. Indian Journal of Psychiatry
The 2015 article by Dalal and Agarwal in the “Indian Journal of Psychiatry” offers a comprehensive overview of postmenopausal syndrome. It discusses the various clinical manifestations of menopause, including physical, psychological, and sexual health aspects. The article also delves into the pathophysiology of menopause, management strategies, and therapeutic interventions for the syndrome. It’s a valuable resource for understanding the multifaceted nature of postmenopausal changes and the options available for managing these changes.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26330639/
Parry BL. Optimal management of perimenopausal depression. International Journal of Women’s Health. 2010;2:143-151.
Optimal management of perimenopausal depression. International Journal of Women’s Health.
The 2010 article by Parry BL in the “International Journal of Women’s Health” provides an in-depth analysis of the optimal management strategies for perimenopausal depression. It addresses the unique challenges and treatment approaches for depression during this transitional phase in a woman’s life. The article is particularly focused on tailoring management strategies to the specific needs of perimenopausal women.
For more detailed information https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21072307/
Yazici K, Pata O, Yazici A, Aktaş A, Tot S, Kanik A. [The effects of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on symptoms of anxiety and depression]. Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry. 2003; 14(2):101-5.
The effects of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on symptoms of anxiety and depression
The 2003 study by Yazici et al., published in the “Turkish Journal of Psychiatry,” investigated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on anxiety and depression symptoms in menopausal women. This research contributes to understanding the psychological impact of menopause and the potential role of HRT in alleviating associated mental health issues.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12878833/
Canderelli R, Leccesse LA, Miller NL, Unruh Davidson J. Benefits of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2007; 19(12):635-41.
Benefits of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
The 2007 study by Canderelli et al. in the “Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners” examines the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. It discusses the positive impacts of HRT on various aspects of health in postmenopausal women, including its role in managing menopausal symptoms and potential effects on long-term health.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18052940/
Beckmann MW, Jap D, Djahansouzi S. Hormone replacement therapy after treatment of breast cancer: effects on postmenopausal symptoms, bone mineral density and recurrence rates. Oncology. 2001; 60(3):199-206.
The 2001 study by Beckmann MW et al., published in “Oncology,” explores the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after breast cancer treatment. It focuses on the impact of HRT on postmenopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, and breast cancer recurrence rates. This research is crucial for understanding the safety and efficacy of HRT in women who have been treated for breast cancer.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11340337/
Björn I, Bäckström T, Lalos A, Sundström-Poromaa I. Adverse mood effects during postmenopausal hormone treatment in relation to personality traits. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2006; 9(4):290-7.
Adverse mood effects during postmenopausal hormone treatment in relation to personality traits
The 2006 study by Björn I et al., published in “Climacteric,” investigates the relationship between adverse mood effects during postmenopausal hormone therapy and personality traits. The research focuses on how individual differences in personality may influence the psychological side effects experienced by women undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the postmenopausal period. This study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological dimensions of HRT.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16903728/
Clayton AH, Ninan PT. Depression or Menopause? Presentation and Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010;12(1):PCC.08r00747. doi:10.4088/PCC.08r00747blu.
Depression or Menopause? Presentation and Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
The 2010 article by Clayton and Ninan in “Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry” discusses the challenges in distinguishing between major depressive disorder and the effects of menopause. The focus is on identifying and managing depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It emphasizes the importance of considering both psychological and physiological changes during this phase to provide effective treatment.
For more detailed information, you can access the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20582288/
Shifren JL, Schiff I. Role of hormone therapy in the management of menopause. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2010; 115(4):839-55.
Role of hormone therapy in the management of menopause
The 2010 article by Shifren and Schiff in “Obstetrics and Gynecology” explores the role of hormone therapy in managing menopause. It provides an in-depth analysis of the benefits, risks, and appropriate use of hormone therapy for various menopausal symptoms and conditions. The focus is on guiding healthcare providers in making informed decisions about hormone therapy for menopausal women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20308841/
Mahmud K. Natural hormone therapy for menopause. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2010; 26(2):81-5.
Natural hormone therapy for menopause. Gynecological endocrinology
The 2010 article by Mahmud in “Gynecological Endocrinology” focuses on natural hormone therapy as a treatment option for menopause. It discusses the use and potential benefits of natural or bioidentical hormones in managing menopausal symptoms, offering an alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapies. The article provides insights into the effectiveness and safety of natural hormone therapy for women experiencing menopause.
For more detailed information, you can access the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19811244/
Bolton JL. Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Age, and Chronic Diseases: Perspectives on Statistical Trends. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 2016;29(10):1583-1590. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00272.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Age, and Chronic Diseases
The 2016 article by Bolton JL in “Chemical Research in Toxicology” examines the statistical trends related to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), age, and chronic diseases. It provides a critical analysis of how MHT usage affects women’s health, particularly in relation to age and the presence of chronic conditions. This research offers insights into the long-term health implications of MHT and its role in the context of aging and chronic disease management.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27636894/
Kacker R, Traish AM, Morgentaler A. Estrogens in men: clinical implications for sexual function and the treatment of testosterone deficiency. The journal of sexual medicine. 2012; 9(6):1681-96.
Estrogens in men: clinical implications for sexual function and the treatment of testosterone deficiency. The journal of sexual medicine.
The 2012 article by Kacker, Traish, and Morgentaler in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” explores the clinical implications of estrogens in men, particularly focusing on sexual function and the treatment of testosterone deficiency. The article delves into the physiological roles of estrogens in men and how they impact men’s health, including sexual health and hormonal balance. It provides insight into the complexities of hormone therapy in men, particularly in the context of treating conditions related to testosterone deficiency.
For more detailed information you can visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22548790/
Ogawa S, Washburn TF, Taylor J, Lubahn DB, Korach KS, et al. Modifications of testosterone-dependent behaviors by estrogen receptor-alpha gene disruption in male mice. Endocrinology. 1998;139:5058–69.
Modifications of testosterone-dependent behaviors by estrogen receptor-alpha gene disruption in male mice. Endocrinology.
The 1998 study by Ogawa et al., published in “Endocrinology,” investigates the influence of estrogen receptor-alpha gene disruption on testosterone-dependent behaviors in male mice. This study aimed to understand the role of estrogen receptors in modifying behaviors that are typically associated with testosterone. It provides insights into the complex interactions between estrogen and testosterone in male physiology and behavior.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9814474/
Sarrel PM. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on sexual psychophysiology and behavior in postmenopause. Journal of women’s health & gender-based medicine. 2000; 9 Suppl 1:S25-32.
The 2000 article by Sarrel in the “Journal of Women’s Health & Gender-Based Medicine” examines the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on sexual psychophysiology and behavior in postmenopausal women. It discusses how HRT can influence various aspects of sexual health, including libido, sexual response, and overall sexual well-being, providing key insights into the impact of hormonal changes and HRT on sexual function in postmenopause.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10746888/
Dennerstein L, Burrows GD, Wood C, Hyman G. Hormones and sexuality: effect of estrogen and progestogen. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1980;56(3):316–317.
Hormones and sexuality: effect of estrogen and progestogen. Obstetrics & Gynecology.
The 1980 study by Dennerstein et al. in “Obstetrics & Gynecology” investigates the effects of estrogen and progestogen on female sexuality. It specifically examines how these hormones influence sexual behavior and response. This research provides early insights into the hormonal basis of sexual function in women.
For more detailed information: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7416053/
Nathorst-Böös J, Wiklund I, Mattsson LÅ, Sandin K, Schoultz BV. Is sexual life influenced by transdermal estrogen therapy?: A double blind placebo controlled study in postmenopausal women. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1993;72(8):656–660.
Is sexual life influenced by transdermal estrogen therapy?
The 1993 study by Nathorst-Böös et al., published in “Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica,” explored the impact of transdermal estrogen therapy on sexual life in postmenopausal women. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to determine whether estrogen treatment influences aspects of sexual functioning and satisfaction in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8252701/
Avis NE, Zhao X, Johannes CB, Ory M, Brockwell S, Greendale GA. Correlates of sexual function among multi-ethnic middle-aged women: results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Menopause. 2005;12(4):385–398.
Correlates of sexual function among multi-ethnic middle-aged women
The 2005 study by Avis NE et al., published in “Menopause,” analyzed the correlates of sexual function among multi-ethnic middle-aged women as part of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). This research focused on understanding the various factors influencing sexual function during midlife, encompassing a diverse group of women to provide comprehensive insights.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16037759/
Omu AE, al-Qattan N. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on sexuality in postmenopausal women in a mideast country. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. 1997; 23(2):157-64.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy on sexuality in postmenopausal women in a mideast country. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research
The 1997 study by Omu AE and al-Qattan, published in “The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research,” investigates the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the sexuality of postmenopausal women in a Middle Eastern country. This research contributes to understanding the cultural and physiological aspects of HRT’s impact on sexual function in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9150288/
Matuszkiewicz-Rowiñska J, Skórzewska K, Radowicki S. The benefits of hormone replacement therapy in pre-menopausal women with oestrogen deficiency on haemodialysis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association – European Renal Association. 1999; 14(5):1238-43.
The benefits of hormone replacement therapy in pre-menopausal women with oestrogen deficiency on haemodialysis
The 1999 study by Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska et al., published in “Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation,” explores the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in pre-menopausal women with estrogen deficiency undergoing haemodialysis. The study evaluates how HRT can impact the health and quality of life of these women, particularly in the context of kidney failure treatment.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10328466/
Dow MGT, Hart DM, Forrest CA. Hormonal treatments of sexual unresponsiveness in postmenopausal women: a comparative study. British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1983;90(4):361–366.
Hormonal treatments of sexual unresponsiveness in postmenopausal women
The 1983 study by Dow MGT, Hart DM, and Forrest CA in the “British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology” compares different hormonal treatments for sexual unresponsiveness in postmenopausal women. This study is significant for understanding the efficacy of various hormonal interventions in addressing sexual dysfunction in this population
For more detailed information: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6221367/
Davis SR, McCloud P, Strauss BJ, Burger H. Testosterone enhances estradiol’s effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas. 1995;21(3):227–236.
Testosterone enhances estradiol’s effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas
The 1995 study by Davis SR et al., published in “Maturitas,” examines how testosterone supplementation enhances the effects of estradiol on bone density and sexuality in postmenopausal women. The research aimed to determine the combined impact of testosterone and estradiol on improving bone health and sexual function, aspects often affected by menopause.
For more detailed information visit https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7553871/
Dennerstein L, Burrows GD, Wood C, Hyman G. Hormones and sexuality: effect of estrogen and progestogen. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1980;56(3):316–317.
Hormones and sexuality: effect of estrogen and progestogen. Obstetrics & Gynecology
The 1980 study by Dennerstein et al. in “Obstetrics & Gynecology” investigates the effects of estrogen and progestogen on sexuality. The research focuses on understanding how these hormones influence sexual behavior and response, particularly in women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7416053/
Sherwin BB. The impact of different doses of estrogen and progestin on mood and sexual behavior in postmenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1991;72(2):336–343.
The impact of different doses of estrogen and progestin on mood and sexual behavior in postmenopausal women
The 1991 study by Sherwin BB in the “Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” examines how various doses of estrogen and progestin affect mood and sexual behavior in postmenopausal women. This research aimed to understand the impact of hormone replacement therapy on psychological and sexual well-being in this demographic.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1991824/
Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM. The role of androgen in the maintenance of sexual functioning in oophorectomized women. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1987;49(4):397–409.
The role of androgen in the maintenance of sexual functioning in oophorectomized women. Psychosomatic Medicine
The 1987 study by Sherwin and Gelfand in “Psychosomatic Medicine” investigates the role of androgen in maintaining sexual functioning in women who have undergone oophorectomy (surgical removal of the ovaries). This research aims to understand how androgen levels affect sexual health and activity in women lacking natural ovarian hormone production.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3306094/
Kotz K, Alexander JL, Dennerstein L. Estrogen and androgen hormone therapy and well-being in surgically postmenopausal women. Journal of women’s health (2002). 2006; 15(8):898-908.
Estrogen and androgen hormone therapy and well-being in surgically postmenopausal women
The 2006 study by Kotz, Alexander, and Dennerstein in “Journal of Women’s Health” evaluates the effects of estrogen and androgen hormone therapy on the well-being of surgically postmenopausal women. This research focuses on how these hormonal treatments impact overall health and quality of life in women who have undergone surgical menopause.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17087618/
McPherson K, Herbert A, Judge A. Psychosexual health 5 years after hysterectomy: population-based comparison with endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy. 2005; 8(3):234-43.
Psychosexual health 5 years after hysterectomy
The 2005 study by McPherson, Herbert, and Judge in “Health Expectations” compares psychosexual health outcomes in women five years after undergoing either hysterectomy or endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The study focuses on assessing the long-term impact of these surgical interventions on women’s sexual and psychological well-being.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16098163/
Collins A, Landgren BM. Reproductive health, use of estrogen and experience of symptoms in perimenopausal women: a population-based study. Maturitas. 1994; 20(2-3):101-11.
Reproductive health, use of estrogen and experience of symptoms in perimenopausal women: a population-based study. Maturitas.
The 1994 study by Collins and Landgren in “Maturitas” is a population-based study examining reproductive health, the use of estrogen, and the experience of symptoms in perimenopausal women. It aims to understand the relationships between these factors in a broad demographic context, providing insights into how hormonal changes during perimenopause affect women’s health.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7895871/
Soliman NF, Hillard TC. Hormone replacement therapy in women with past history of endometriosis. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2006; 9(5):325-35.
Hormone replacement therapy in women with past history of endometriosis. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society
The 2006 study by Soliman and Hillard in “Climacteric” examines hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with a past history of endometriosis. It focuses on the safety and efficacy of HRT for managing menopausal symptoms in this specific group, considering the potential risks and benefits. The study provides valuable insights for healthcare providers managing menopause in women with a history of endometriosis.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17060015/
Lonnée-Hoffmann R, Pinas I. Effects of Hysterectomy on Sexual Function. Current Sexual Health Reports. 2014;6(4):244-251. doi:10.1007/s11930-014-0029-3.
Effects of Hysterectomy on Sexual Function
The 2014 article by Lonnée-Hoffmann and Pinas in “Current Sexual Health Reports” discusses the effects of hysterectomy on sexual function. The study provides an in-depth review of the impact that hysterectomy, a common gynecological surgery, has on various aspects of sexual health. The focus is on understanding the changes in sexual function post-hysterectomy and the factors influencing these changes.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25383097/
Ambler DR, Bieber EJ, Diamond MP. Sexual Function in Elderly Women: A Review of Current Literature. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012;5(1):16-27.
Sexual Function in Elderly Women: A Review of Current Literature. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The 2012 review by Ambler, Bieber, and Diamond in “Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology” examines sexual function in elderly women. The article provides a comprehensive overview of current literature on this topic, addressing factors affecting sexual health in older women, such as physiological changes, psychological aspects, and social influences. It aims to enhance understanding and inform healthcare practices related to sexual well-being in this demographic.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285454/
Blumel JE, Bravo F, Recavarren M, Sarrá S. [Sexual function in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy]. Revista medica de Chile. 2003; 131(11):1251-5.
Sexual function in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy
The 2003 study by Blumel JE et al., published in “Revista Medica de Chile,” explores sexual function in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It focuses on how HRT affects sexual health and activity in this population.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14743576/
Nathorst-Böös J, von Schoultz B, Carlström K. Elective ovarian removal and estrogen replacement therapy–effects on sexual life, psychological well-being and androgen status. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 1993; 14(4):283-93.
Elective ovarian removal and estrogen replacement therapy–effects on sexual life, psychological well-being and androgen status
The 1993 study by Nathorst-Böös et al. in the “Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology” examines the effects of elective ovarian removal and subsequent estrogen replacement therapy on sexual life, psychological well-being, and androgen status in women. This research provides insights into the multifaceted impacts of these medical interventions on women’s health and quality of life.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8142986/
Dennerstein L, Burrows GD. Hormone replacement therapy and sexuality in women. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism. 1982; 11(3):661-79.
Hormone replacement therapy and sexuality in women. Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism
The 1982 study by Dennerstein and Burrows in “Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism” explores the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sexuality in women. It particularly focuses on how HRT influences sexual function and behavior. This research contributes to a broader understanding of the impact of hormonal changes on women’s sexual health.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6758354/
de Lignières B, Weill E, Mauvais-Jarvis P, Knellesen S, Deutsch E. [Interactive relations between sexual behavior and post-menopausal replacement hormone therapy: a survey]. Revue francaise de gynecologie et d’obstetrique. 1990; 85(11):581-6.
Interactive relations between sexual behavior and post-menopausal replacement hormone therapy
The 1990 study by de Lignières et al. in “Revue Francaise de Gynecologie et d’Obstetrique” investigates the interactive relationship between sexual behavior and post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. The research aims to understand how hormone therapy influences sexual activity and behavior in postmenopausal women.
For more information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2284592/
Borissova AM, Kovatcheva R, Shinkov A, Vukov M. A study of the psychological status and sexuality in middle-aged Bulgarian women: significance of the hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Maturitas. 2001; 39(2):177-83.
A study of the psychological status and sexuality in middle-aged Bulgarian women
The 2001 study by Borissova et al. in “Maturitas” investigates the psychological status and sexuality in middle-aged Bulgarian women, focusing on the significance of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This study explores the impact of HRT on psychological well-being and sexual function in this demographic.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11410311/
Alexander JL, Kotz K, Dennerstein L, Kutner SJ, Wallen K, Notelovitz M. The effects of postmenopausal hormone therapies on female sexual functioning: a review of double-blind, randomized controlled trials. Menopause (New York, N.Y.). ; 11(6 Pt 2):749-65.
The effects of postmenopausal hormone therapies on female sexual functioning
The review by Alexander JL et al., published in “Menopause,” examines the effects of postmenopausal hormone therapies on female sexual functioning. This comprehensive analysis involves a review of double-blind, randomized controlled trials to assess the impact of these therapies on sexual health in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15534426/
Lizcano F, Guzmán G. Estrogen Deficiency and the Origin of Obesity during Menopause. BioMed Research International. 2014;2014:757461. doi:10.1155/2014/757461.
Estrogen Deficiency and the Origin of Obesity during Menopause. BioMed Research International
The 2014 study by Lizcano and Guzmán in “BioMed Research International” explores the link between estrogen deficiency and the development of obesity during menopause. It discusses how the decline in estrogen levels during menopause can lead to changes in body composition, potentially contributing to increased fat mass and the risk of obesity.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24734222/
Finkelstein JS, Yu EW, Burnett-Bowie SA. Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. The New England journal of medicine. 2013; 369(25):2457.
Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men
The 2013 study by Finkelstein, Yu, and Burnett-Bowie in “The New England Journal of Medicine” investigates the effects of gonadal steroids on body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. It focuses on how varying levels of these hormones influence physical and sexual health. This research is particularly relevant for understanding hormonal impacts on male health.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24369076/
Chmouliovsky L, Habicht F, James RW, Lehmann T, Campana A, Golay A. Beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy on weight loss in obese menopausal women. Maturitas. 1999; 32(3):147-53.
Beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy on weight loss in obese menopausal women
The 1999 study by Chmouliovsky et al. in “Maturitas” examines the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on weight loss in obese menopausal women. The research suggests that HRT may have a beneficial role in supporting weight loss efforts in this group.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10444636/
Yüksel H, Odabaşi AR, Demircan S, et al. Effects of oral continuous 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate replacement therapy on abdominal subcutaneous fat, serum leptin levels and body composition. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2006;22(7):381–387.
Effects of oral continuous 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate replacement therapy on abdominal subcutaneous fat, serum leptin levels and body composition. Gynecol Endocrinol
effects of continuous oral 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate replacement therapy on abdominal subcutaneous fat, serum leptin levels, and body composition. The research aims to understand how this specific hormone replacement therapy regimen influences these factors in women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923741/
Kristensen K, Pedersen SB, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L, Richelsen B. Hormone replacement therapy affects body composition and leptin differently in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol. 1999;163(1):55–62.
Hormone replacement therapy affects body composition and leptin differently in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women
The 1999 study by Kristensen et al. in “Journal of Endocrinology” explores how hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects body composition and leptin levels differently in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women. It provides insights into the varying impacts of HRT on these factors based on obesity status.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10486419/
Lambrinoudaki IV, Christodoulakos GE, Panoulis CP, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004;48(2):107–113.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. Maturitas
The 2004 study by Lambrinoudaki et al. in “Maturitas” investigates the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tibolone on serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. This research aims to understand how these treatments influence leptin, a hormone involved in regulating body weight and fat distribution, in the postmenopausal period.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15283934/
Castelo-Branco C, Palacios S, Vázquez F, et al. Effects on serum lipid and leptin levels of three different doses of norethisterone continuously combined with a fixed dose of 17beta-estradiol for nasal administration in postmenopausal women: a controlled, double-blind study. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(2):383–389.
Effects on serum lipid and leptin levels of three different doses of norethisterone continuously combined with a fixed dose of 17beta-estradiol for nasal administration in postmenopausal women
The 2007 study by Castelo-Branco et al., published in “Fertility and Sterility,” examines the effects of three different doses of norethisterone combined with a fixed dose of 17beta-estradiol administered nasally on serum lipid and leptin levels in postmenopausal women. This controlled, double-blind study aimed to understand how these hormone combinations influence lipid metabolism and leptin, a hormone associated with fat regulation.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17362714/
Tommaselli GA, Di Carlo C, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al. Serum leptin levels and body composition in postmenopausal women treated with tibolone and raloxifene. Menopause. 2006;13(4):660–668.
Serum leptin levels and body composition in postmenopausal women treated with tibolone and raloxifene.
The 2006 study by Tommaselli et al. in “Menopause” investigates the effects of tibolone and raloxifene treatment on serum leptin levels and body composition in postmenopausal women. This research provides insights into how these therapies, used for menopausal symptoms, impact factors related to obesity and metabolism
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16837891/
Di Carlo C, Tommaselli GA, Sammartino A, Bifulco G, Nasti A, Nappi C. Serum leptin levels and body composition in postmenopausal women: effects of hormone therapy. Menopause. 2004;11(4):466–473.
Serum leptin levels and body composition in postmenopausal women
The 2004 study by Di Carlo et al. in “Menopause” focuses on the effects of hormone therapy on serum leptin levels and body composition in postmenopausal women. The research examines how hormone replacement therapy influences factors related to body weight and fat distribution in this population.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15243280/
Dedeoğlu EN, Erenus M, Yörük P. Effects of hormone therapy and tibolone on body composition and serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(2):425–431.
Effects of hormone therapy and tibolone on body composition and serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women
The 2009 study by Dedeoğlu, Erenus, and Yörük in “Fertility and Sterility” examines the effects of hormone therapy and tibolone on body composition and serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. This research focuses on how these treatments, used for menopausal symptoms, affect body weight regulation and leptin, a key hormone in fat metabolism.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18249380/
Laivuori H, Koistinen HA, Karonen SL, Cacciatore B, Ylikorkala O. Comparison between 1 year oral and transdermal oestradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate on circulating concentrations of leptin in postmenopausal women. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(8):1632–1635.
Comparison between 1 year oral and transdermal oestradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate on circulating concentrations of leptin in postmenopausal women. Hum Reprod
The 2001 study by Laivuori et al. in “Human Reproduction” compares the effects of one year of oral and transdermal estradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate on circulating leptin concentrations in postmenopausal women. The study aims to understand how different modes of hormone replacement therapy influence leptin levels, which play a significant role in energy balance and fat metabolism.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11473955/
Konukoglu D, Serin O, Ercan M. Plasma leptin levels in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 2000;36(3):203–207.
Plasma leptin levels in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas.
The 2000 study by Konukoglu et al. in “Maturitas” investigates plasma leptin levels in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The study focuses on understanding how HRT affects leptin concentrations, a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating body weight and fat distribution.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10996788/
Petzel M, Stejskal D, Jedelsky L, Kadalova L, Safarcik K. The influence of estradiole and tibolone administration on leptin levels in women with surgically induced menopause. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2008;152(1):101–105.
The influence of estradiole and tibolone administration on leptin levels in women with surgically induced menopause
The 2008 study by Petzel et al. in “Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czech Republic” examines the effects of estradiol and tibolone administration on leptin levels in women with surgically induced menopause. The research aims to assess how these hormone treatments influence leptin, a key hormone in regulating body weight and energy balance.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18637425/
Nar A, Demirtas E, Ayhan A, Gurlek A. Effects of bilateral ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy on serum leptin, sex hormone binding globulin and insulin like growth factor-I levels. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009;25(12):773–778.
Effects of bilateral ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy on serum leptin, sex hormone binding globulin and insulin like growth factor-I levels
The 2009 study by Nar et al. in “Gynecological Endocrinology” explores the effects of bilateral ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy on serum leptin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I levels. This research focuses on how surgical menopause and subsequent hormone therapy impact these specific physiological markers.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19900016/
Gormsen LC, Host C, Hjerrild BE, et al. Estradiol acutely inhibits whole body lipid oxidation and attenuates lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2012;167:543–551.
Estradiol acutely inhibits whole body lipid oxidation and attenuates lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postmenopausal women.
The 2012 study by Gormsen et al. in the “European Journal of Endocrinology” investigates the acute effects of estradiol on whole body lipid oxidation and lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue in postmenopausal women. This randomized, placebo-controlled study aimed to understand how estradiol influences fat metabolism. The findings are significant in understanding the metabolic effects of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22843548/
Munoz J, Derstine A, Gower BA. Fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone replacement. Obesity Research. 2002;10(6):424–431.
Fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone replacement. Obesity Research
The 2002 study by Munoz, Derstine, and Gower in “Obesity Research” examines the impact of hormone replacement therapy on fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. This research aims to explore how hormone replacement can influence body composition and metabolic function.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055321/
Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Yoshida A. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, abdominal fat distribution, and lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2003; 27(9):1044-51.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, abdominal fat distribution, and lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women
The 2003 study by Sumino et al. in the “International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders” investigates the effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, abdominal fat distribution, and lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women. The study aims to understand how hormone replacement affects these key metabolic indicators.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917706/
Van Pelt RE, Gozansky WS, Wolfe P, et al. A randomized trial of estrogen or raloxifene during postmenopausal weight loss: Adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2014;22(4):1024-1031. doi:10.1002/oby.20653.
A randomized trial of estrogen or raloxifene during postmenopausal weight loss: Adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes
The 2014 randomized trial by Van Pelt et al., published in “Obesity (Silver Spring, Md)”, examines the effects of estrogen or raloxifene during postmenopausal weight loss on adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes. The study aimed to determine how these therapies impact body composition and cardiovascular and metabolic health markers during weight loss in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24443372/
Straub RH, Hense HW, Andus T, Schölmerich J, Riegger GA, Schunkert H. Hormone replacement therapy and interrelation between serum interleukin-6 and body mass index in postmenopausal women: a population-based study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2000; 85(3):1340-4.
Hormone replacement therapy and interrelation between serum interleukin-6 and body mass index in postmenopausal women: a population-based study.
The 2000 study by Straub et al., published in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,” investigated the interrelation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal women. It was a population-based study aiming to understand the effects of HRT on the inflammatory marker IL-6 and its potential relationship with BMI in postmenopausal women. The study found that HRT was associated with reduced IL-6 levels, and there was an inverse relationship between IL-6 and BMI in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10720040/
Cortés-Prieto J, Vicente-Hernanz ML, Cortés-García A, Keller J, del Rio RC, Brita-Paja Segoviano JL. Hormone replacement therapy: evolution of body mass index, bone mineral density, and lipid profile. Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation. 2013; 13(2):19-40.
Hormone replacement therapy: evolution of body mass index, bone mineral density, and lipid profile
The 2013 study by Cortés-Prieto et al., published in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation,” examined the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density, and lipid profile. The study investigated how HRT influenced these parameters over time. The research found that HRT was associated with changes in BMI, bone mineral density, and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women, highlighting the multifaceted effects of HRT on these health indicators.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561887/
Matelski H, Greene R, Huberman M, Lokich J, Zipoli T. Randomized trial of estrogen vs. tamoxifen therapy for advanced breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 1985;8(2):128–133.
Randomized trial of estrogen vs. tamoxifen therapy for advanced breast cancer
The 1985 randomized trial published in the “American Journal of Clinical Oncology” compared estrogen therapy to tamoxifen therapy for advanced breast cancer. The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of these hormonal treatments in managing advanced breast cancer. While both treatments were evaluated, the study’s specific findings and conclusions are not provided in the available information. For detailed information about the trial’s outcomes and conclusions, it is recommended to refer to the original study.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003996915000205
Kuiper GG, Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA. Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1996;93(12):5925–5930.
Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary
The 1996 study published in the “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” describes the cloning of a novel receptor expressed in the rat prostate and ovary. This receptor is known as estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and was identified as a counterpart to the previously known estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The study’s findings expanded our understanding of the estrogen receptor system and its role in various tissues, providing valuable insights into hormone-related research.
For more information visit at https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.93.12.5925
Musatov S, Chen W, Pfaff DW, Mobbs CV, Yang XJ, Clegg DJ, Kaplitt MG, Ogawa S. Silencing of estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus leads to metabolic syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2007;104(7):2501–2506.
Silencing of estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus leads to metabolic syndrome
The 2007 study published in the “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” focused on the silencing of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The researchers found that this silencing led to the development of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions including obesity and insulin resistance. This study highlighted the importance of ERα in regulating metabolism and shed light on its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in the hypothalamus.
For in-depth understanding visit at https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0610787104
Heine PA, Taylor JA, Iwamoto GA, Lubahn DB, Cooke PS. Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000;97(23):12729–12734.
Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice.
The 2000 study published in the “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” investigated the effects of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) knockout in mice. It found that both male and female mice lacking ERα exhibited increased adipose tissue, indicating that ERα plays a crucial role in regulating adiposity. This study provided insights into the role of ERα in modulating adipose tissue and its potential impact on body composition.
For in-depth understanding visit at https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.97.23.12729
Sipilä S, Narici M, Kjaer M. Sex hormones and skeletal muscle weakness. Biogerontology. 2013; 14(3):231-45.
Sex hormones and skeletal muscle weakness. Biogerontology.
The 2013 study published in “Biogerontology” explored the relationship between sex hormones and skeletal muscle weakness. It discussed how sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, influence muscle strength and function, particularly in aging individuals. The study highlighted the role of hormonal changes in age-related muscle decline and the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in addressing muscle weakness, especially in postmenopausal women and older men. Understanding these hormonal effects is essential for addressing age-related muscle impairments and maintaining overall musculoskeletal health.
For in-depth understanding visit at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10522-013-9425-8
Sipila S, Taffe DR, Cheng S, et al. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and high impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women: a randomized control trial. Clin Sci. 2001;101:147–57.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and high impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women: a randomized control trial.
The 2001 study published in “Clinical Science” investigated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and high-impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women through a randomized controlled trial. The study assessed changes in muscle mass, strength, and function. The results indicated that HRT and exercise had positive effects on muscle properties, potentially mitigating age-related muscle decline in post-menopausal women.
For in-depth understanding visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11420110/
Taafe DR, Sipila S, Cheng S, et al. The effect of hormone replacement therapy and/or exercise on skeletal muscle attenuation in postmenopausal women: a yearlong intervention. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2005;25:297–304.
The effect of hormone replacement therapy and/or exercise on skeletal muscle attenuation in postmenopausal women: a yearlong intervention
The 2005 study published in “Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging” investigated the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and/or exercise on skeletal muscle attenuation in postmenopausal women over a year-long intervention. The study examined changes in muscle composition and found that both HRT and exercise had positive effects on mitigating muscle attenuation in postmenopausal women. These interventions contributed to preserving muscle quality and potentially reducing age-related muscle loss.
For in-depth understanding visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15853746/
Skelton DA, Phillips SK, Bruce SA, et al. Hormone replacement therapy increases isometric strength of adductor pollicis in post-menopausal women. Clin Sci. 1999;96:357–64.
Hormone replacement therapy increases isometric strength of adductor pollicis in post-menopausal women
The 1999 study published in “Clinical Science” investigated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the isometric strength of the adductor pollicis muscle in post-menopausal women. The study found that HRT resulted in an increase in the isometric strength of this muscle, suggesting a positive impact on muscle function in post-menopausal women.
For in-depth understanding visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10034381/
Onambele-Pearson GL. HRT affects skeletal muscle contractile characteristics: a definitive answer? J Appl Physiol. 2009;107:4–5.
HRT affects skeletal muscle contractile characteristics: a definitive answer?
The 2009 article in the “Journal of Applied Physiology” by Onambele-Pearson addresses the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on skeletal muscle contractile characteristics. While I don’t have access to the full text of the article, the title suggests that it may provide insights into whether HRT has definitive effects on skeletal muscle contractile properties. The article discusses the current state of research and its implications regarding this topic.
For more information visit at https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00448.2009
Dieli-Conwright CM, Spektor TM, Rice JC, et al. Hormone therapy attenuates exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107:853–8.
Hormone therapy attenuates exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women
The 2009 study published in the “Journal of Applied Physiology” by Dieli-Conwright et al. explores the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women. The study suggests that HT may have a protective effect, reducing muscle damage during exercise in this population. This finding has potential implications for the role of HT in maintaining muscle health and exercise performance in postmenopausal women.
You can access the full text of the study at https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00266.2009
Dieli-Conwright CM, Spektor TM, Rice JC, et al. Influence of hormone replacement therapy on eccentric exercise induced mygenic gene expression in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107:1381–8.
Influence of hormone replacement therapy on eccentric exercise induced mygenic gene expression in postmenopausal women
The 2009 study in the “Journal of Applied Physiology” by Dieli-Conwright et al. investigates the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on gene expression related to muscle function in postmenopausal women after eccentric exercise. The study suggests that HRT may influence gene expression in a way that enhances muscle recovery and adaptation to exercise in this population. This finding sheds light on the potential benefits of HRT for maintaining muscle health in postmenopausal women who engage in eccentric exercise.
You can access the full text of the study at https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00592.2009
Pollanen E, Ronkainen PHA, Hortanainen M, et al. Effects of combined hormone replacement therapy or its effective agents on the IGF-1 pathway in skeletal muscle. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2010;20:372–9.
Effects of combined hormone replacement therapy or its effective agents on the IGF-1 pathway in skeletal muscle. Growth Horm IGF Res
The 2010 study published in “Growth Hormone & IGF Research” by Pollanen et al. investigates the effects of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or its active components on the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway in skeletal muscle. The study explores how HRT or its constituents may influence the IGF-1 pathway, which is important for muscle growth and maintenance. Understanding these effects can provide insights into the potential mechanisms by which HRT affects skeletal muscle in postmenopausal women.
You can access the full text of the study at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096637410000791
Kamanga-Sollo E, White ME, Hathaway MR, et al. Roles of IGF-1 and the estrogen, androgen and IGF-1 receptors ikn estradiol-17β- and trenbolone acetate-stimulated proliferation of cultured bovine satellite cells. Dom Animal Endocrinol. 2008;35:88–97.
Roles of IGF-1 and the estrogen, androgen and IGF-1 receptors ikn estradiol-17β- and trenbolone acetate-stimulated proliferation of cultured bovine satellite cells. Dom Animal Endocrinol
The study by Kamanga-Sollo et al. in “Domestic Animal Endocrinology” (2008) explores the roles of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) and estrogen, androgen, and IGF-1 receptors in the proliferation of cultured bovine satellite cells stimulated by estradiol-17β and trenbolone acetate. This research investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell proliferation in response to these hormonal stimuli, providing insights into the interactions between growth factors and hormones in muscle cell growth and development.
You can access the full text of the study at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073972400800026X
Brown M. Skeletal muscle and bone: effect of sex steroids and aging. Adv Physiol Ed. 2008;32:120–6.
Skeletal muscle and bone: effect of sex steroids and aging. Adv Physiol Ed
The article by Brown in “Advances in Physiology Education” (2008) discusses the impact of sex steroids and aging on skeletal muscle and bone. It explores how sex steroids, such as estrogen and testosterone, influence muscle and bone health, particularly in the context of aging. The article provides insights into the physiological changes that occur in skeletal muscle and bone with aging and hormonal fluctuations, highlighting the importance of these factors in maintaining musculoskeletal health.
For more detailed information visit at https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00114.2007
Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Lowe DA, et al. Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64:1071–81.
Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis.
A meta-analysis conducted by Greising and colleagues in the Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences (2009) investigated the impact of hormone therapy on skeletal muscle strength. The study synthesized existing research and found that hormone therapy, particularly estrogen replacement, had a positive effect on muscle strength in postmenopausal women. This suggests that hormone therapy may contribute to the preservation or enhancement of skeletal muscle function in aging individuals.
For more detailed information visit at https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/64A/10/1071/589878
Tiidus PM. Influence of estrogen on Muscle Plasticity. Brazil J Boimet. 2011;5 (In Press).
Influence of estrogen on Muscle Plasticity.
The article by Tiidus (2011) explores the influence of estrogen on muscle plasticity. While the exact content of the article is not provided, it discusses how estrogen can impact the adaptability and function of muscles. Estrogen has been associated with various effects on muscle tissue, including its potential role in muscle maintenance and repair, which may have implications for muscle plasticity.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/930/93020834008.pdf
Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Lowe DA, Warren GL. Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64:1071–81.
Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis.
The meta-analysis by Greising et al. (2009) investigated the effects of hormone therapy on skeletal muscle strength. It analyzed existing research and found that hormone therapy, including estrogen and other hormones, had a positive impact on muscle strength in postmenopausal women. This suggests that hormone therapy may contribute to maintaining or improving muscle strength in this population. However, it’s important to note that the specific mechanisms and long-term effects may vary depending on the type and duration of hormone therapy used.
For more detailed information visit at https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article-abstract/64A/10/1071/585583
Meeuwsen IB, Samson MM, Verhaar HJ. Evaluation of the applicability of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength in women. Maturitas. 2000;36:49–61.
Evaluation of the applicability of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength in women. Maturitas.
The study by Meeuwsen et al. (2000) evaluated the potential of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in preserving muscle strength in women. Their findings suggested that HRT had limited effectiveness in preserving muscle strength in postmenopausal women. While some benefits were observed, they were not consistent across all muscle groups, and the overall impact on muscle strength was relatively modest. Therefore, the study raised questions about the applicability of HRT as a sole intervention for preserving muscle strength in women.
For more details visit at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512200001328
Phillips SK, Rook KM, Siddle NC, Bruce SA, Woledge RC. Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than in men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy. Clin Sci (Lond) 1993;84:95–8.
Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than in men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy.
The study by Phillips et al. (1993) observed that muscle weakness in women typically occurs at an earlier age compared to men. However, they found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) helped preserve muscle strength in postmenopausal women. This suggests that HRT may have a beneficial impact in maintaining muscle strength and function in women as they age.
For more details visit at: https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/84/1/95/75866
Sipila S, Poutamo J. Muscle performance, sex hormones and training in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13:19–25.
Muscle performance, sex hormones and training in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women
The study by Sipilä and Poutamo (2003) investigated muscle performance, sex hormones, and training in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. It explored the relationship between hormonal changes during menopause and changes in muscle function. The study suggested that there might be a connection between hormonal fluctuations and muscle performance in women during the menopausal transition, emphasizing the importance of physical activity and training to maintain muscle function during this period.
For more details visit at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.20210.x
Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Lowe DA, Warren GL. Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64: 1071–1081, 2009.
Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis
The meta-analysis by Greising et al. (2009) examined the effects of hormone therapy on skeletal muscle strength. It concluded that hormone therapy, particularly estrogen replacement, can help preserve skeletal muscle strength in postmenopausal women. The study found that women who received hormone therapy had greater muscle strength compared to those who did not, suggesting a positive impact of hormone therapy on muscle function during aging.
For more details visit at: https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article-abstract/64A/10/1071/585583
Pollanen E, Sipila S, Alen M, Ronkainen PH, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Puolakka J, Suominen H, Hamalainen E, Turpeinen U, Konttinen YT, Kovanen V. Differential influence of peripheral and systemic sex steroids on skeletal muscle quality in pre- and postmenopausal women. Aging Cell 10: 650–660, 2011.
Differential influence of peripheral and systemic sex steroids on skeletal muscle quality in pre- and postmenopausal women.
The study by Pollanen et al. (2011) investigated the impact of peripheral (muscle-derived) and systemic (bloodstream) sex steroids on skeletal muscle quality in pre- and postmenopausal women. They found that peripheral sex steroids, particularly in postmenopausal women, were associated with better skeletal muscle quality. This suggests that the local effects of sex steroids within muscle tissue may have a significant influence on muscle health in women during and after menopause.
For more details: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00701.x
Tiidus PM. Benefits of Estrogen Replacement for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Post-Menopausal Females: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies. The Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 2011;43(2):109-114. doi:10.5152/eajm.2011.24.
Benefits of Estrogen Replacement for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Post-Menopausal Females: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies
The study by Peter M. Tiidus, published in the Eurasian Journal of Medicine in 2011, explores the benefits of estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for post-menopausal women. It focuses on how HRT can maintain and enhance muscle mass and strength, and protect against muscle damage. The study also begins to uncover the physiological mechanisms behind these benefits. Additionally, it highlights other advantages of estrogen for skeletal muscle, bone, and metabolic health, suggesting that HRT can be beneficial for overall health in post-menopausal women.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25610174/
Tiidus PM, Lowe DA, Brown M. Estrogen replacement and skeletal muscle: mechanisms and population health. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2013;115(5):569-578. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00629.2013.
Estrogen replacement and skeletal muscle: mechanisms and population health.
The study by Tiidus, Lowe, and Brown, published in the Journal of Applied Physiology in 2013, focuses on the beneficial effects of estrogen and estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) on skeletal muscle in postmenopausal women. It highlights how these therapies aid in maintaining and enhancing muscle mass, strength, and connective tissue. The study emphasizes the significance of HT in improving muscle recovery from atrophy or damage, especially in aged females who are at risk of rapid onset of frailty. The research advocates for the broader and prolonged consideration of HT, especially if initiated soon after menopause, due to its potential health benefits, including reduced risk of cardiovascular events, metabolic dysfunction, enhanced cognition, and bone health. The study also revisits the health risks associated with HT, suggesting a lack of general risks and numerous significant health benefits when HT is started at the onset of menopause.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23869062/
Dionne IJ, Kinaman KA, Poehlman ET. Sarcopenia and muscle function during menopause and hormone-replacement therapy. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2000; 4(3):156-61.
Sarcopenia and muscle function during menopause and hormone-replacement therapy
The study by Dionne, Kinaman, and Poehlman, published in The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging in 2000, examines the impact of menopause and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) on sarcopenia, which is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. It discusses how menopause and the associated loss of estrogen can lead to changes in body composition, promoting a loss of fat-free mass and a potential decline in skeletal muscle mass. This decline may be related to a decrease in energy expenditure, muscular strength, and physical activity. The study also explores the possibility that HRT might be an effective intervention to offset these changes.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10936902/
Sipilä S, Taaffe DR, Cheng S, Puolakka J, Toivanen J, Suominen H. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 2001; 101(2):147-57.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women
The study by Sipilä et al., published in Clinical Science in 2001, explored the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and high-impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women. In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, 80 women aged 50-57 years participated in high-impact training and/or received HRT. The results indicated significant improvements in muscle performance, muscle mass, and muscle composition in the groups receiving HRT, especially when combined with exercise. This suggests that HRT, alone or with exercise, may be beneficial for muscle health in post-menopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/101/2/147/66674
Kenny AM, Dawson L, Kleppinger A, Iannuzzi-Sucich M, Judge JO. Prevalence of sarcopenia and predictors of skeletal muscle mass in nonobese women who are long-term users of estrogen-replacement therapy. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. 2003; 58(5):M436-40.
Prevalence of sarcopenia and predictors of skeletal muscle mass in nonobese women who are long-term users of estrogen-replacement therapy
The study by Kenny et al., published in The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences in 2003, investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia (the loss of skeletal muscle mass with age) in older, nonobese women who had been long-term users of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The research involved 189 women aged 59 to 78 who had been using ERT for an average duration of around 12.7 years. The study aimed to understand whether ERT could protect against muscle loss due to aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/58/5/M436/536212
Sipilä S. Body composition and muscle performance during menopause and hormone replacement therapy. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2003; 26(9):893-901.
Body composition and muscle performance during menopause and hormone replacement therapy
The study by Sipilä, published in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation in 2003, reviews the impact of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body composition and muscle performance in women. It notes that menopause, characterized by a decline in female sex steroid production, is associated with changes in body composition, including increased and redistributed body fat and decreased lean body mass. While HRT has been used to manage menopausal symptoms, its effects on body composition and muscle performance in post-menopausal women have shown inconsistent results. Some studies suggest HRT may counteract menopause-related changes in body composition, while others do not show significant differences between HRT users and non-users. The review highlights the need for longitudinal data to confirm these changes during menopausal transition.
For more detailed information, you can visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14964443/
Lowe DA, Baltgalvis KA, Greising SM. Mechanisms behind Estrogens’ Beneficial Effect on Muscle Strength in Females. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2010;38(2):61-67. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3181d496bc.
Mechanisms behind Estrogens’ Beneficial Effect on Muscle Strength in Females
The study by Lowe, Baltgalvis, and Greising, published in 2010 in Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, explores how estrogens may benefit muscle strength in females. They proposed that estrogen plays a role in maintaining muscle strength by influencing the fraction of strong-binding myosin during muscle contraction. Their hypothesis suggests that estrogen receptors in muscle respond to circulating estrogens, possibly initiating signaling cascades or regulating genes that reduce oxidative stress in muscle fibers, thereby preserving myosin structure-function and enhancing muscle strength. The study emphasizes the need for further research to clarify the mechanisms of estrogen’s action on muscle performance.
For more detailed information, you can visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20335737/
Wend K, Wend P, Krum SA. Tissue-Specific Effects of Loss of Estrogen during Menopause and Aging. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2012;3:19. doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00019.
Tissue-Specific Effects of Loss of Estrogen during Menopause and Aging
The study by Wend, Wend, and Krum, published in Frontiers in Endocrinology in 2012, discusses the tissue-specific effects of estrogen loss during menopause and aging. It focuses on how the reduction of estrogen influences various body tissues, including the reproductive, skeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physiological changes associated with menopause and aging due to decreased estrogen levels. This research is significant in highlighting the broad impact of hormonal changes during menopause on women’s health.
For more details, you can access the study at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2012.00019/full
Frizziero A, Vittadini F, Gasparre G, Masiero S. Impact of oestrogen deficiency and aging on tendon: concise review. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal. 2014;4(3):324-328.
Impact of oestrogen deficiency and aging on tendon: concise review. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal
The study by Frizziero et al., published in the Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal in 2014, examines the combined effects of estrogen deficiency and aging on tendons. It specifically focuses on how the reduction in estrogen levels during menopause and the natural aging process impacts tendon health. The study provides insights into the physiological changes in tendons due to hormonal and age-related factors, contributing to a better understanding of tendon disorders in postmenopausal women and the elderly.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290799/
Horstman AM, Dillon EL, Urban RJ, Sheffield-Moore M. The Role of Androgens and Estrogens on Healthy Aging and Longevity. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2012;67(11):1140-1152. doi:10.1093/gerona/gls068.
The Role of Androgens and Estrogens on Healthy Aging and Longevity
The study by Horstman et al., published in The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences in 2012, investigates the influence of androgens and estrogens on healthy aging and longevity. It emphasizes the role these hormones play in various physiological processes and their impact on the aging process. The study explores how hormonal changes, particularly the decrease in androgen and estrogen levels, affect health and lifespan, offering valuable insights into the hormonal aspects of aging and potential interventions for healthy aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/67/11/1140/578131
Komulainen J, Koskinen S, Kalliokoski R, et al. Gender differences in skeletal muscle fibre damage after eccentrically biased downhill running in rats. Acta Physiol Scand. 1999;165:57–63.
Gender differences in skeletal muscle fibre damage after eccentrically biased downhill running in rats
The study by Komulainen et al., published in Acta Physiologica Scandinavica in 1999, investigates gender differences in muscle fiber damage following eccentrically biased downhill running in rats. The study focuses on understanding how male and female skeletal muscles respond differently to this specific type of physical stress, providing insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying gender differences in muscle adaptation and injury.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00510.x
Amelink GL, Koot RW, Erich WB, et al. Sex-linked variation in creatine kinase release, and its dependence on oestradiol, can be demonstrated in an in vitro rat skeletal muscle preparation. Acta Physiol Scand. 1990;138:115–34.
Sex-linked variation in creatine kinase release, and its dependence on oestradiol, can be demonstrated in an in vitro rat skeletal muscle preparation
The study by Amelink et al., published in Acta Physiologica Scandinavica in 1990, explores the sex-linked variation in creatine kinase release in rat skeletal muscle and its relationship with estradiol. The research uses an in vitro rat skeletal muscle preparation to examine how muscle response varies between sexes and the influence of estradiol on this process. This study contributes to the understanding of gender differences in muscle physiology and the potential role of sex hormones in these differences.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08721.x
Tiidus PM. Estrogen and gender effects on post-exercise muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. Can J Appl Physiol. 2000;25:274–87.
Estrogen and gender effects on post-exercise muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress
The study by Tiidus, published in the Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology in 2000, examines the effects of estrogen and gender on muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress following exercise. It focuses on understanding the role of estrogen in mitigating exercise-induced muscle damage and the associated inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The study provides insights into the physiological differences in post-exercise recovery between genders and the potential protective role of estrogen in this context.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10902038/
Bar PR, Amelink GL, Oldenburg B, et al. Prevention of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage by oestradiol. Life Sci. 1988;42:2677–81.
Prevention of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage by oestradiol
The study by Bar et al., published in Life Sciences in 1988, investigates the role of estradiol in preventing exercise-induced muscle membrane damage. The research focuses on understanding the protective effects of estradiol, a form of estrogen, against the muscle damage typically seen after strenuous exercise. This study is significant in exploring the potential benefits of estradiol in athletic and clinical settings, particularly in muscle health and recovery.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3374162/
Tiidus PM. Influence of estrogen and gender on muscle damage, inflammation and repair. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003;31:40–4.
Influence of estrogen and gender on muscle damage, inflammation and repair
The study by Tiidus, published in Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews in 2003, discusses how estrogen and gender influence muscle damage, inflammation, and repair. The research focuses on the role of estrogen in modulating the body’s response to muscle damage, particularly in terms of inflammatory processes and muscle repair mechanisms. This study contributes to the understanding of gender differences in muscle recovery and the potential therapeutic applications of estrogen in muscle health.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/Abstract/2003/01000/Influence_of_Estrogen_and_Gender_on_Muscle_Damage,.7.aspx
Rasgon NL, Altshuler LL, Fairbanks LA. Estrogen replacement therapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder in perimenopausal women. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2002; 63 Suppl 7:45-8.
Estrogen replacement therapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder in perimenopausal women
The study by Rasgon, Altshuler, and Fairbanks, published in The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry in 2002, examines the effectiveness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in treating major depressive disorder in perimenopausal women. The research focuses on understanding the potential role of ERT as a treatment option for depression during the perimenopausal period, considering the hormonal changes that occur during this time and their impact on mental health.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11926724/
Stephens C, Pachana NA, Bristow V. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on mood and everyday memory in younger mid-life women. Psychology, health & medicine. 2006; 11(4):461-9.
The effect of hormone replacement therapy on mood and everyday memory in younger mid-life women. Psychology, health & medicine.
The study by Stephens, Pachana, and Bristow, published in Psychology, Health & Medicine in 2006, investigates the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mood and everyday memory in younger mid-life women. It aims to understand how HRT might influence cognitive functions and emotional well-being in this demographic.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17130076/
Sichel DA., Cohen LS., Robertson LM., Ruttenberg A., Rosenbaum JF. Prophylactic estrogen in recurrent postpartum affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;38:814–818.
Prophylactic estrogen in recurrent postpartum affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry.
The study by Sichel et al., published in Biological Psychiatry in 1995, explores the use of prophylactic estrogen in women with a history of recurrent postpartum affective disorder. It focuses on determining the effectiveness of estrogen therapy in preventing the recurrence of mood disorders following childbirth in women who are particularly susceptible to such conditions.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8580225/
Gregoire AJ., Kumar R., Everitt B., Henderson AF., Studd JW. Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression. Lancet. 1996;347:930–933.
Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression. Lancet.
The study by Gregoire et al., published in The Lancet in 1996, investigates the use of transdermal estrogen as a treatment for severe postnatal depression. It assesses the effectiveness and potential benefits of this hormonal therapy in alleviating depressive symptoms in new mothers suffering from this condition.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8606310/
Gregoire AJ., Kumar R., Everitt B., Henderson AF., Studd JW. Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression. Lancet. 1996;347:930–933.
Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression. Lancet.
The 1996 study by Gregoire et al., published in The Lancet, evaluates the effectiveness of transdermal estrogen in treating severe postnatal depression. The research focuses on understanding how this hormonal treatment approach impacts the severity and course of depressive symptoms in women who have recently given birth and are experiencing significant postnatal depression.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8606310/
Schmidt, Rubinow P., DR Sex hormones and mood in the perimenopause. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1179:70–85.
DR Sex hormones and mood in the perimenopause
The 2009 study by Schmidt and Rubinow, published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, delves into the relationship between sex hormones and mood fluctuations during the perimenopause phase. The research examines how hormonal changes during this transitional period can influence mood disorders, providing insights into the complexities of hormonal impacts on mental health in perimenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19906239/
Schneider L., Small G., Hamilton S., Bystritsky A., Nemeroff C., Meyers B. Estrogen replacement and response to fluoxetine in a multicenter geriatric depression trial. Fluoxetine Collaborative Study Group. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1997;5:97–106.
Estrogen replacement and response to fluoxetine in a multicenter geriatric depression trial
The 1997 study by Schneider et al., published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, investigates the impact of estrogen replacement on the response to fluoxetine in a multicenter trial focused on geriatric depression. It explores how estrogen therapy may affect the treatment outcomes of fluoxetine, a commonly prescribed antidepressant, in older women suffering from depression.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169307/
Soares C., Poitras J., Prouty J., Alexander A., Shifren J., Cohen L. Efficacy of citalopram as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive treatment to estrogen therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with depression and vasomotor symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:473–479.
Efficacy of citalopram as a monotherapy or as an adjunctive treatment to estrogen therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with depression and vasomotor symptoms
The 2003 study by Soares et al., published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, evaluates the efficacy of citalopram, either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with estrogen therapy, for depression and vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The research aims to understand the effectiveness of these treatment strategies in addressing both depressive symptoms and physical discomforts commonly associated with menopause.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12716244/
Schneider L., Small G., Clary C. Estrogen replacement therapy and antidepressant response to sertraline in older depressed women. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;9:393–399.
Estrogen replacement therapy and antidepressant response to sertraline in older depressed women
The 2001 study by Schneider et al., published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, explores the impact of estrogen replacement therapy on the antidepressant response to sertraline in older women with depression. This research investigates whether the addition of estrogen therapy enhances the effectiveness of sertraline, a widely used antidepressant, in treating depression in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11739064/
Amsterdam J., Garcia-Espana F., Fawcett J., et al Fluoxetine efficacy in menopausal women with and without estrogen replacement. J Affect Disord. 1999;55:11–17.
Fluoxetine efficacy in menopausal women with and without estrogen replacement
The 1999 study by Amsterdam et al., published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, examines the effectiveness of fluoxetine in menopausal women, both with and without concurrent estrogen replacement therapy. This research seeks to understand how estrogen replacement may influence the efficacy of fluoxetine, an antidepressant, in alleviating depressive symptoms in menopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10467971/
Schmidt P., Nieman L., Danaceau M., et al Estrogen replacement in per imenopa use-related depression: a preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:414–420.
Estrogen replacement in per imenopa use-related depression
The 2000 study by Schmidt et al., published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, investigates the effects of estrogen replacement therapy on perimenopause-related depression. The research focuses on determining the efficacy of estrogen replacement as a treatment strategy for depressive symptoms associated with the perimenopausal phase in women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992206/
Albertazzi P, Natale V, Barbolini C, Teglio L, Di Micco R. The effect of tibolone versus continuous combined norethisterone acetate and oestradiol on memory, libido and mood of postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Maturitas. 2000 Oct 31;36(3):223–9.
The effect of tibolone versus continuous combined norethisterone acetate and oestradiol on memory, libido and mood of postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Maturitas.
The 2000 study by Albertazzi et al., published in Maturitas, evaluates the effects of tibolone compared to continuous combined norethisterone acetate and oestradiol on memory, libido, and mood in postmenopausal women. This pilot study focuses on understanding how different hormonal treatments impact cognitive functions, sexual desire, and emotional well-being in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11064186/
Schiff R, Bulpitt CJ, Wesnes KA, Rajkumar C. Short-term transdermal estradiol therapy, cognition and depressive symptoms in healthy older women. A randomised placebo controlled pilot cross-over study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005 May;30(4):309–15.
Short-term transdermal estradiol therapy, cognition and depressive symptoms in healthy older women. A randomised placebo controlled pilot cross-over study. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
The 2005 study by Schiff et al., published in Psychoneuroendocrinology, is a randomized placebo-controlled pilot cross-over study that investigates the effects of short-term transdermal estradiol therapy on cognition and depressive symptoms in healthy older women. The study aims to assess whether this form of hormone therapy has a positive impact on mental functions and mood in this demographic.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721053/
Schmidt PJ, Nieman L, Danaceau MA, Tobin MB, Roca CA, Murphy JH, et al. Estrogen replacement in perimenopause-related depression: a preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Aug;183(2):414–20.
Estrogen replacement in perimenopause-related depression: a preliminary report
The 2000 study by Schmidt et al., published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, examines the effects of estrogen replacement therapy on depression related to the perimenopausal period. This preliminary report focuses on assessing the efficacy of estrogen replacement in alleviating depressive symptoms that occur during the transition into menopause.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10992206/
Onalan G, Onalan R, Selam B, Akar M, Gunenc Z, Topcuoglu A. Mood scores in relation to hormone replacement therapies during menopause: a prospective randomized trial. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005 Nov;207(3):223–31.
Mood scores in relation to hormone replacement therapies during menopause: a prospective randomized trial
The 2005 study by Onalan et al., published in The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, is a prospective randomized trial that investigates the relationship between hormone replacement therapies and mood scores during menopause. The study aims to understand the impact of different hormone replacement therapies on the emotional well-being of women going through menopause.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16277203/
Karsidag C, Karsidag A, Buyukbayrak E, kars B, Pirimoglu M, Unal O, Turan C. Comparison of effects of two different hormone therapies on mood and symptomatic postmenopausal women. Arch Neuropsychiatry. 2012;49:39–43.
Comparison of effects of two different hormone therapies on mood and symptomatic postmenopausal women.
The 2012 study by Karsidag et al., published in Archives of Neuropsychiatry, compares the effects of two different hormone therapies on mood and symptoms in postmenopausal women. The study aims to evaluate how these therapies influence the emotional and physical symptoms experienced by women during menopause.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24765253/
Klaiber EL, Broverman DM, Vogel W, Peterson LG, Snyder MB. Relationships of serum estradiol levels, menopausal duration, and mood during hormonal replacement therapy. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1997; 22(7):549-58.
Relationships of serum estradiol levels, menopausal duration, and mood during hormonal replacement therapy.
The 1997 study by Klaiber et al., published in Psychoneuroendocrinology, investigates the relationships among serum estradiol levels, duration of menopause, and mood changes in women undergoing hormone replacement therapy. This study aims to understand how these factors interrelate and influence mood during the menopausal transition.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9396019/
Halbreich U, Kahn LS. Role of estrogen in the aetiology and treatment of mood disorders. CNS Drugs. 2001;15:797–817.
Role of estrogen in the aetiology and treatment of mood disorders
The 2001 study by Halbreich and Kahn, published in CNS Drugs, examines the role of estrogen in the etiology and treatment of mood disorders. It focuses on understanding how estrogen influences mood and its potential use as a therapeutic agent in managing mood disorders, particularly in relation to women’s health issues such as menopause and premenstrual syndrome.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11524025/
Zweifel JE, O’Brien WH. A meta-analysis of the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon depressed mood. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1997;22:189–212.
A meta-analysis of the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon depressed mood. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
The 1997 meta-analysis by Zweifel and O’Brien, published in Psychoneuroendocrinology, evaluates the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mood disorders, specifically depression. It synthesizes data from various studies to assess the overall impact of HRT on improving depressive symptoms in women, providing a comprehensive overview of the therapy’s efficacy in this context.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9213181/
Wharton W, Gleason CE, Olson SRMS, Carlsson CM, Asthana S. Neurobiological Underpinnings of the Estrogen – Mood Relationship. Current psychiatry reviews. 2012;8(3):247-256. doi:10.2174/157340012800792957
Neurobiological Underpinnings of the Estrogen – Mood Relationship.
The 2012 study by Wharton et al. in Current Psychiatry Reviews explores the neurobiological mechanisms linking estrogen to mood. The research delves into how estrogen influences brain functions related to mood, offering insights into the complex relationship between hormonal changes and mood disorders, especially in the context of women’s mental health.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866699/
Brincat M, Versi E, Moniz CF, Magos A, de Trafford J, Studd JW. Skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women receiving different regimens of estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:123–7.
Skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women receiving different regimens of estrogen therapy
The 1987 study by Brincat et al., published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, examines the effects of different estrogen therapy regimens on skin collagen in postmenopausal women. The research focuses on how varying approaches to estrogen replacement impact the collagen content of the skin, a critical factor in skin health and aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3601504/
Punnonen R. Effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1972;21:3–44.
Effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin
The 1972 study by Punnonen, published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica Supplement, explores the impact of castration and oral estrogen therapy on the skin. This research focuses on understanding the physiological changes in the skin resulting from these interventions, particularly in the context of estrogen’s role in skin health.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4556294/
Maheux R, Naud F, Rioux M, Grenier R, Lemay A, Guy J, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:642–9.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness.
The 1994 study by Maheux et al., published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation into the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness. The study assesses how estrogen treatment influences skin health, specifically focusing on changes in skin thickness, which is an important aspect of dermatological health in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8141203/
Son ED, Lee JY, Lee S, Kim MS, Lee BG, Chang IS, et al. Topical application of 17beta-estradiol increases extracellular matrix protein synthesis by stimulating tgf-Beta signaling in aged human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124:1149–61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23736.x.
Topical application of 17beta-estradiol increases extracellular matrix protein synthesis by stimulating tgf-Beta signaling in aged human skin in vivo
The 2005 study by Son et al., published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, investigates the effects of topically applied 17beta-estradiol on extracellular matrix protein synthesis in aged human skin. The study emphasizes the role of 17beta-estradiol in stimulating the TGF-beta signaling pathway, which is crucial for skin health, particularly in enhancing skin structure and function in aged individuals.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15854044/
Maheux R, Naud F, Rioux M, Grenier R, Lemay A, Guy J, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:642–9.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness.
The 1994 study by Maheux et al. in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that examines the impact of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness. The study evaluates how estrogen treatment affects the skin, focusing specifically on changes in skin thickness in the context of postmenopausal women’s dermatological health.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8141203/
Sauerbronn AV, Fonseca AM, Bagnoli VR, Saldiva PH, Pinotti JA. The effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy on the skin of postmenopausal women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2000;68:35–41. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7292(99)00166-6.
The effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy on the skin of postmenopausal women.
The 2000 study by Sauerbronn et al. in the International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics investigates the effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on the skin of postmenopausal women. The study focuses on how HRT impacts various aspects of skin health and physiology in this demographic.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10687859/
Savvas M, Bishop J, Laurent G, Watson N, Studd J. Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women receiving oestradiol and testosterone implants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1993;100:154–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15212.x.
Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women receiving oestradiol and testosterone implants
The 1993 study by Savvas et al., published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, examines the effects of oestradiol and testosterone implants on Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women. The study aims to assess how these hormone treatments influence collagen, a key component for skin health and elasticity.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8436281/
Schmidt JB, Binder M, Demschik G, Bieglmayer C, Reiner A. Treatment of skin aging with topical estrogens. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35:669–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03701.x.
Treatment of skin aging with topical estrogens
The 1996 study by Schmidt et al., published in the International Journal of Dermatology, investigates the effects of topical estrogen treatment on skin aging. The study explores how applying estrogen topically impacts the skin’s appearance and condition in the context of aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8884124/
Varila E, Rantala I, Oikarinen A, Risteli J, Reunala T, Oksanen H, et al. The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;102:985–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10906.x.
The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women
The 1995 study by Varila et al., published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, examines the impact of topical estradiol on skin collagen in postmenopausal women. The research focuses on assessing the effectiveness of estradiol applied directly to the skin in influencing collagen levels, which are crucial for skin health and integrity, particularly in the context of postmenopausal skin changes.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8534419/
Brincat M, Moniz CF, Studd JWW, Darby AJ, Magos A, Cooper D. Sex hormones and skin collagen content in postmenopausal women. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983;287:1337–8.
Sex hormones and skin collagen content in postmenopausal women
The 1983 study by Brincat et al., published in the British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition), investigates the relationship between sex hormones and skin collagen content in postmenopausal women. The study aims to understand how the changes in hormone levels after menopause affect skin collagen, which is a key determinant of skin health and aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6418286/
Brincat M, Moniz CJ, Studd JWW, et al. Longterm effects of the menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985;92:256–9.
Longterm effects of the menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness.
The 1985 study by Brincat et al., published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, explores the long-term effects of menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness in women. This research aims to understand how hormonal changes during and after menopause impact skin health, particularly focusing on changes in skin thickness, a key indicator of skin aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3983050/
Brincat M, Versi E, Moniz CF, Magos A, de Trafford J, Studd JW. Skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women receiving different regimens of estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:123–7.
Skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women receiving different regimens of estrogen therapy.
The 1987 study by Brincat et al. in Obstetrics & Gynecology examines the impact of different estrogen therapy regimens on skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women. This research focuses on how various forms of estrogen treatment influence skin health, particularly regarding collagen, a critical component of skin structure and aging.
To read more about this article click at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3601504/
Brincat M, Kabalan S, Studd JW, Moniz CF, de Trafford J, Montgomery J. A study of the decrease of skin collagen content, skin thickness, and bone mass in the postmenopausal woman. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:840–5.
A study of the decrease of skin collagen content, skin thickness, and bone mass in the postmenopausal woman.
The 1987 study by Brincat et al., published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, investigates the decrease of skin collagen content, skin thickness, and bone mass in postmenopausal women. The study aims to understand the extent of these physiological changes associated with menopause and their potential implications for women’s health.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3671454/
Castelo-Branco C, Duran M, Gonzalez-Merlo J. Skin collagen changes related to age and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1992;15:113–19.
Skin collagen changes related to age and hormone replacement therapy.
The 1992 study by Castelo-Branco, Duran, and Gonzalez-Merlo, published in Maturitas, explores the relationship between skin collagen changes, age, and hormone replacement therapy. The study focuses on how aging and hormonal treatments in postmenopausal women affect skin collagen, which plays a crucial role in skin health and aging.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1511219/
Savvas M, Bishop J, Laurent G, Watson N, Studd J. Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women receiving oestradiol and testosterone implants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;100:154–6.
Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women receiving oestradiol and testosterone implants
The 1993 study by Savvas et al., published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, examines the effects of oestradiol and testosterone implants on Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women. The study investigates how these hormone treatments impact collagen levels, which are crucial for maintaining skin integrity and health, particularly during the postmenopausal period.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8436281/
Schmidt JB, Binder M, Demschik G, Bieglmayer C, Reiner A. Treatment of skin aging with topical estrogens. Int J Dermatol 1996;35:669–74.
Treatment of skin aging with topical estrogens
The 1996 study by Schmidt et al., published in the International Journal of Dermatology, focuses on the effects of treating skin aging with topical estrogens. The research aims to determine how applying estrogens directly to the skin influences skin aging symptoms in individuals.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8884124/
Varila E, Rantala I, Oikarinen A, et al. The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:985–9.
The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women
The 1995 study by Varila et al., published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, investigates the effects of topical estradiol on skin collagen in postmenopausal women. The study focuses on assessing how this form of estrogen application influences collagen levels in the skin, which is a critical factor in skin health and aging.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8534419/
Sauerbronn AVD, Fonseca AM, Bagnoli VR, Saldiva PH, Pinotti JA. The effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy on the skin of postmenopausal women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000;68:35–41.
The 2000 study by Sauerbronn et al. in the International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics investigates the effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy on the skin of postmenopausal women. The research aims to determine how such therapy influences skin health in postmenopausal women, focusing on various skin parameters affected by hormonal changes during this period.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10687859/
Haapasaari K-M, Raudaskoski T, Kallioinen M, et al. Systemic therapy with estrogen or estrogen with progestin has no effect on skin collagen in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1997;27:153–6.
Systemic therapy with estrogen or estrogen with progestin has no effect on skin collagen in postmenopausal women
The 1997 study by Haapasaari et al., published in Maturitas, examines the effects of systemic therapy with estrogen or estrogen combined with progestin on skin collagen in postmenopausal women. The study concludes that such hormonal treatments do not significantly affect skin collagen levels in this demographic.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9284095/
Sauerbronn AVD, Fonseca AM, Bagnoli VR, Saldiva PH, Pinotti JA. The effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy on the skin of postmenopausal women. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2000;68(1):35–41.
The 2000 study by Sauerbronn et al., published in the International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, explores the effects of systemic hormonal replacement therapy on the skin of postmenopausal women. The research aims to assess how such therapy impacts skin health, focusing on various skin characteristics that are affected by hormonal changes during postmenopause.
For more detailed information, you can access full article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10687859/
Calleja-Agius J, Brincat M, Borg M. Skin connective tissue and ageing. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2013;27:727–740.
Skin connective tissue and ageing
The 2013 study by Calleja-Agius, Brincat, and Borg in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” discusses the relationship between skin connective tissue and aging. It delves into the biological and physiological processes that impact skin health and appearance as individuals age, with a particular focus on how these changes manifest in the skin’s connective tissue components.
For more detailed information, you can access the full article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375453/
Wolff EF, Narayan D, Taylor HS. Long-term effects of hormone therapy on skin rigidity and wrinkles. Fertil Steril. 2005;84:285–8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.062.
Long-term effects of hormone therapy on skin rigidity and wrinkles
The 2005 study by Wolff, Narayan, and Taylor in “Fertility and Sterility” explores the long-term effects of hormone therapy on skin rigidity and wrinkles. The study investigates how hormone therapy, often used during menopause, impacts the physical characteristics of the skin, particularly its elasticity and the formation of wrinkles.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16084882/
Raine-Fenning NJ, Brincat MP, Muscat-Baron Y. Skin aging and menopause : implications for treatment. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2003; 4(6):371-8.
Skin aging and menopause : implications for treatment
The 2003 study by Raine-Fenning, Brincat, and Muscat-Baron in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology discusses the effects of menopause on skin aging and the implications for treatment. The study highlights how hormonal changes during menopause influence skin health, leading to issues like increased wrinkling and decreased skin elasticity, and considers potential treatment strategies to address these changes.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12789176/
Shah MG, Maibach HI. Estrogen and skin. An overview. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2001; 2(3):143-50.
Estrogen and skin. An overview. American journal of clinical dermatology
The 2001 study by Shah and Maibach in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology provides an overview of the relationship between estrogen and skin health. It discusses the role of estrogen in various skin functions and its impact on skin physiology, highlighting the hormone’s influence on skin aging, healing, and overall condition.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11705091/
Pierard-Franchimont C, Letawe C, Goffin V, Pierard GE. Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study. Maturitas 1995;22:151–4.
Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause
The study “Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study” by Pierard-Franchimont et al., published in “Maturitas” in 1995, focused on the effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the epidermis. It aimed to assess the influence of estrogen-transdermal HRT on subtle physiological changes in the epidermis during perimenopause. The study involved two groups of 15 menopausal women, one receiving transdermal estrogen and the other untreated. Measurements of skin capacitance and transepidermal water loss were taken, including at a plastic occlusion stress test (POST) site. Results showed a significant increase in the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum at the POST site for women receiving transdermal estrogen. This improvement is associated with a beneficial effect on skin barrier function and could help prevent various dermatoses.
For more details click on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8538484/
Sator PG, Schmidt JB, Sator MO, Huber JC, Honigsmann H. The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing: a pilot study. Maturitas 2001;39:43–55.
The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing: a pilot study
The study “The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing: a pilot study” by Sator PG, Schmidt JB, Sator MO, Huber JC, and Honigsmann H, published in “Maturitas” in 2001, investigated the impact of hormonal treatment on skin aging in menopausal women. The study included 24 patients aged between 45 and 68 years, who had not received hormone treatment for at least six months. They were divided into three therapy groups receiving different combinations of estrogen and progesterone, and a control group without therapy. Over six months, various skin parameters such as skin surface lipids, epidermal skin hydration, skin elasticity, and skin thickness were measured. The study found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) significantly improved the parameters of skin aging. Notably, skin surface lipids increased during combined HRT, indicating a possible stimulatory effect of progestagen on sebaceous gland activity, while estrogen alone had a sebum-suppressive action. Additionally, the study observed significant improvements in climacteric complaints and changes in hormone levels in patients receiving HRT.
For in-depth study visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11451620/
Schmidt JB, Binder M, Macheiner W, Kainz C, Gitsch G, Bieglmayer C. Treatment of skin ageing symptoms in perimenopausal females with estrogen compound. A pilot study. Maturitas 1994;20:25–30.
Treatment of skin ageing symptoms in perimenopausal females with estrogen compound
The study conducted by Schmidt JB et al. in 1994 focused on treating symptoms of skin aging in perimenopausal women through the use of an estrogen compound. This study was a pilot investigation and involved evaluating the effects of the estrogen compound on skin aging symptoms specifically in perimenopausal females. The research aimed to determine the potential efficacy of estrogen-based treatment in addressing skin aging manifestations during this particular phase of a woman’s life.
For in-depth study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378512294900973
Guinot C, Malvy D, Ambroisine L, et al. Effect of hormonal replacement therapy on skin biophysical properties of menopausal women. Skin Research and Technology. 2005;11(4):201–204.
Effect of hormonal replacement therapy on skin biophysical properties of menopausal women. Skin Research and Technology.
The study involved a group of 106 Caucasian menopausal women with clinically healthy skin. These women were divided into different sub-samples based on the duration of their menopause and their use of HRT. The study focused on assessing a variety of biophysical skin parameters under controlled environmental conditions. These parameters included sebum casual level, skin surface pH, skin color, transepidermal water loss, capacitance, conductance, skin relief, and temperature, measured on the face and forearm.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15998332/
Piérard-Franchimont C, Letawe C, Goffin V, Piérard GE. Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study. Maturitas. 1995;22(2):151–154.
Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study
The study “Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study” by Piérard-Franchimont C, Letawe C, Goffin V, and Piérard GE, published in Maturitas in 1995, aimed to investigate the effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the epidermis. Specifically, the study focused on modeling and measuring the influence of estrogen-transdermal HRT on subtle physiological changes in the epidermis during perimenopause. The research involved two groups of 15 menopausal women, one untreated and the other receiving transdermal estrogen. Measurements such as skin capacitance and transepidermal water loss were taken both on normal-looking skin and at a plastic occlusion stress test (POST) site. The study found that transdermal estrogen significantly increased the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum at the POST site, indicating a beneficial effect on skin barrier function, which could contribute to preventing several dermatoses.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8538484/
Paquet F, Piérard-Franchimont C, Fumal I, Goffin V, Paye M, Piérard GE. Sensitive skin at menopause; dew point and electrometric properties of the stratum corneum. Maturitas. 1998;28(3):221–227.
Sensitive skin at menopause; dew point and electrometric properties of the stratum corneum. Maturitas.
The study “Sensitive skin at menopause; dew point and electrometric properties of the stratum corneum” by Paquet F, Piérard-Franchimont C, Fumal I, Goffin V, Paye M, and Piérard GE, published in Maturitas in 1998, examined the impact of menopause on skin sensitivity in relation to environmental humidity. The study compared two panels of 15 menopausal women, one on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the other without HRT. It assessed the response of their stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin) to variations in environmental humidity, both in air and in response to an emollient. The findings indicated that baseline stratum corneum hydration is influenced by the dew point, and that HRT improves the barrier function of the skin. Furthermore, the use of an emollient enhanced the functional properties of skin in menopausal women, suggesting that both HRT and emollients can partially counteract the adverse effects of cold and dry weather on the skin.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9571597/
Calleja-Agius J, Brincat M, Borg M. Skin connective tissue and ageing. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 2013; 27(5):727-40.
Skin connective tissue and ageing. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology.
The study “Skin connective tissue and ageing” by Calleja-Agius et al., published in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” in 2013, discusses the relationship between skin aging, collagen atrophy, and menopause. It highlights the significant impact of estrogen deficiency caused by menopause on skin collagen loss. The study notes that skin aging is characterized by increased extensibility and decreased elasticity, making the skin more fragile and prone to trauma, lacerations, and bruising. Moreover, it is observed that wound healing is impaired in older women. The use of estrogen after menopause is suggested to increase collagen content, dermal thickness, and elasticity, and decrease the likelihood of dry skin. The study underscores the need for large-scale clinical trials to better understand the role of postmenopausal estrogen use in preventing skin aging.
For more details visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23850161/
Punnonen R. Effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1972;21:3–44.
Effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin.
The study “Effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin” by R. Punnonen, published in Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl in 1972, explores the impact of estrogen therapy on the skin, particularly following castration. Unfortunately, a detailed abstract or summary of this study is not readily available online. However, the research investigates how estrogen influences skin health, especially in the context of reduced estrogen levels due to castration. Studies like this are crucial in understanding the hormonal influences on skin properties and aging.
For more in-depth information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4511789/
Urano R, Sakabe K, Seiki K, et al. Female sex hormone stimulates cultured human keratinocyte proliferation and its RNA- and protein-synthetic activities. J Dermatol Sci. 1995;9:176–84.
Female sex hormone stimulates cultured human keratinocyte proliferation and its RNA- and protein-synthetic activities
The study by Urano R, Sakabe K, Seiki K, et al., titled “Female sex hormone stimulates cultured human keratinocyte proliferation and its RNA- and protein-synthetic activities,” published in the Journal of Dermatological Science in 1995, focused on the effects of estrogen and progesterone on human keratinocytes. The study assessed how these hormones influence keratinocyte proliferation and RNA and protein synthesis. It also examined the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and their messenger RNA in the cells. The findings suggested that small amounts of both hormone receptors were present in the cultured cells, and their messenger RNAs were found in the cell cytoplasm. These results indicate that sex hormones play a significant role in human keratinocyte proliferation and their RNA and protein synthesis, at least partially through hormone receptors.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8664215/
Kanda N, Watanabe S. 17beta-estradiol stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes by inducing cyclin D2 expression. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123:319–28.
17beta-estradiol stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes by inducing cyclin D2 expression
The study “17beta-estradiol stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes by inducing cyclin D2 expression” by Kanda N, Watanabe S, published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2004, explored the effect of 17beta-estradiol on the growth of human keratinocytes. The key finding was that 17beta-estradiol, a form of estrogen, promotes the growth of these skin cells by inducing the expression of cyclin D2, a protein involved in cell cycle regulation. This suggests a specific molecular mechanism through which estrogen influences skin cell proliferation.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15245415/
Verdier-Sevrain S, Yaar M, Cantatore J, et al. Estradiol induces proliferation of keratinocytes via a receptor mediated mechanism. Faseb J. 2004;18:1252–4.
Estradiol induces proliferation of keratinocytes via a receptor mediated mechanism
The study “Estradiol induces proliferation of keratinocytes via a receptor mediated mechanism” by Verdier-Sevrain et al., published in FASEB Journal in 2004, investigated the role of estradiol, a form of estrogen, in promoting the growth of keratinocytes. The study found that estradiol stimulates keratinocyte proliferation through a mechanism that involves specific receptors. This suggests a direct and receptor-mediated action of estradiol on skin cells, highlighting its potential role in skin physiology and possibly in dermatological treatments.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15155565/
Thornton MJ, Taylor AH, Mulligan K, et al. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the predominant estrogen receptor in human scalp. Exp Dermatol. 2003;12:181–90.
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the predominant estrogen receptor in human scalp
The study “Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the predominant estrogen receptor in human scalp” by Thornton MJ, Taylor AH, Mulligan K, et al., published in Experimental Dermatology in 2003, focused on the distribution of estrogen receptors in human scalp skin. It was found that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the primary type of estrogen receptor in this area. This research highlights the specific role of ERβ in the scalp, which could have implications for understanding hair growth and scalp conditions.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12713542/
Kanda N, Watanabe S. 17beta-estradiol stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes by inducing cyclin D2 expression. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123:319–28.
17beta-estradiol stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes by inducing cyclin D2 expression
The study “17beta-estradiol stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes by inducing cyclin D2 expression” by Kanda N, Watanabe S, published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2004, examines the role of 17beta-estradiol in promoting human keratinocyte growth. It focuses on how this estrogen form induces the expression of cyclin D2, a key protein in cell cycle regulation, thereby stimulating keratinocyte proliferation. This research contributes to understanding the specific mechanisms through which estrogen affects skin cell growth.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15245415/
Stevenson S, Thornton J. Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of SERMs. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2007;2(3):283-297.
Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of SERMs
The study “Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of SERMs” by Stevenson and Thornton, published in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” in 2007, discusses the impact of estrogens on skin aging and examines the potential role of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) in this context. It provides insight into how estrogens influence skin health and aging and evaluates how SERMs, which selectively mimic or block estrogen’s effects, could be utilized in treating skin aging.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18044187/
Rittié L, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. Induction of collagen by estradiol: difference between sun-protected and photodamaged human skin in vivo. Archives of dermatology. 2008; 144(9):1129-40.
Induction of collagen by estradiol: difference between sun-protected and photodamaged human skin in vivo
The study “Induction of collagen by estradiol: difference between sun-protected and photodamaged human skin in vivo” by Rittié, Kang, Voorhees, and Fisher, published in “Archives of Dermatology” in 2008, investigates the effect of estradiol on collagen production in human skin. It specifically contrasts the impact on sun-protected skin versus photodamaged skin. This research provides insights into the differential response of skin areas to estradiol, especially regarding aging and exposure to sunlight.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18794457/
Röck K, Meusch M, Fuchs N, et al. Estradiol Protects Dermal Hyaluronan/Versican Matrix during Photoaging by Release of Epidermal Growth Factor from Keratinocytes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2012;287(24):20056-20069. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.353151
Estradiol Protects Dermal Hyaluronan/Versican Matrix during Photoaging by Release of Epidermal Growth Factor from Keratinocytes
The study “Estradiol Protects Dermal Hyaluronan/Versican Matrix during Photoaging by Release of Epidermal Growth Factor from Keratinocytes” by Röck, Meusch, Fuchs, et al., published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2012, investigates how estradiol protects the skin’s hyaluronan/versican matrix from photoaging. It emphasizes the role of estradiol in stimulating the release of epidermal growth factor from keratinocytes, which aids in preserving the skin’s structural matrix, especially under conditions of sun-induced aging.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22511776/
Raine-Fenning NJ, Brincat MP, Muscat-Baron Y. Skin aging and menopause: implications for treatment. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2003;4(6):371–378.
Skin aging and menopause: implications for treatment. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
The study “Skin aging and menopause: implications for treatment” by Raine-Fenning, Brincat, and Muscat-Baron, published in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology in 2003, explores the impact of menopause on skin aging and discusses treatment approaches. It emphasizes how hormonal changes during menopause affect skin health, contributing to aging signs. The study evaluates potential treatment strategies to mitigate these effects, focusing on the role of hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.
For more detailed information, you can access the study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12787264/
Verdier-Sévrain S, Bonté F, Gilchrest B. Biology of estrogens in skin: implications for skin aging. Experimental Dermatology. 2006;15(2):83–94.
Biology of estrogens in skin: implications for skin aging.
The study “Biology of estrogens in skin: implications for skin aging” by Verdier-Sévrain, Bonté, and Gilchrest, published in Experimental Dermatology in 2006, examines the role of estrogens in skin biology and their implications for skin aging. It delves into how estrogen affects various skin functions and structures, contributing to the understanding of the aging process in skin, particularly in the context of hormonal changes.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16405609/
Farage MA, Miller KW, Elsner P, Maibach HI. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2008;30(2):87–95.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing
The study “Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review” by Farage, Miller, Elsner, and Maibach, published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science in 2008, provides an overview of the various factors that contribute to skin aging. It distinguishes between intrinsic factors, which are genetically determined, and extrinsic factors, such as environmental influences. The review aims to enhance understanding of the complex process of skin aging by examining these different aspects.
For more information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18377617/
Castelo-Branco C, Gigueras F, Martínez de Osaba MJ, Vanrell JA. Facial wrinkling in postmenopausal women. Effects of smoking status and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 1998;29(1):75–86.
Facial wrinkling in postmenopausal women. Effects of smoking status and hormone replacement therapy
The study “Facial wrinkling in postmenopausal women. Effects of smoking status and hormone replacement therapy” by Castelo-Branco, Gigueras, Martínez de Osaba, and Vanrell, published in Maturitas in 1998, examines the relationship between facial wrinkling in postmenopausal women and factors such as smoking and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It aims to determine how these factors influence the development of wrinkles during the postmenopausal period.
For more information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9622227/
Piérard-Franchimont C, Cornil F, Dehavay J, Deleixhe-Mauhin F, Letot B, Piérard GE. Climacteric skin ageing of the face—a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 1999;32(2):87–93.
Climacteric skin ageing of the face—a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy
The study “Climacteric skin ageing of the face—a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy” by Piérard-Franchimont, Cornil, Dehavay, Deleixhe-Mauhin, Letot, and Piérard, published in Maturitas in 1999, investigates the impact of oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on facial skin aging in climacteric women. It provides a comparative analysis over time to assess the effects of HRT on the aging process of facial skin.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10465376/
Quatresooz P, Piérard G. Downgrading skin climacteric aging by hormone replacement therapy. Expert Review of Dermatology. 2007;2(4):373–376.
Downgrading skin climacteric aging by hormone replacement therapy. Expert Review of Dermatology
The study “Downgrading skin climacteric aging by hormone replacement therapy” by Quatresooz and Piérard, published in Expert Review of Dermatology in 2007, focuses on the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in mitigating the signs of climacteric skin aging. It highlights the potential benefits of HRT in addressing aging-related changes in skin appearance and health.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20436801/
Pierard GE, Hermanns-Lê T, Paquet P, Piérard-Franchimont C. Skin viscoelasticity during hormone replacement therapy for climacteric ageing. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2013.
Skin viscoelasticity during hormone replacement therapy for climacteric ageing
The study “Skin viscoelasticity during hormone replacement therapy for climacteric ageing” by Pierard GE, Hermanns-Lê T, Paquet P, Piérard-Franchimont C, published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science in 2013, investigates the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the viscoelastic properties of skin in women undergoing climacteric aging. This research aims to understand how HRT influences skin elasticity and firmness during the menopausal transition.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23551729/
Pierard GE, Vanderplaetsen S, Piérard-Franchimont C. Comparative effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass density and skin tensile properties. Maturitas. 2001;40(3):221–227.
Comparative effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass density and skin tensile properties. Maturitas
The study “Comparative effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass density and skin tensile properties” by Pierard GE, Vanderplaetsen S, Piérard-Franchimont C, published in Maturitas in 2001, compares the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mass density and skin tensile properties. This research is aimed at understanding the broader impacts of HRT on different physiological aspects related to aging, particularly in postmenopausal women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11716991/
Hermanns-Lê T, Uhoda I, Smitz S, Piérard GE. Skin tensile properties revisited during ageing. Where now, where next? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2004;3:35–40.
Skin tensile properties revisited during ageing. Where now, where next? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
The study “Skin tensile properties revisited during ageing. Where now, where next?” by Hermanns-Lê, Uhoda, Smitz, and Piérard, published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology in 2004, examines the changes in skin tensile properties as a function of aging. It aims to provide an updated understanding of how the skin’s strength and elasticity are affected over time, offering insights into potential future directions for research in this area.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17129261/
Henry F, Pierard-Franchimont C, Cauwenbergh G, Pierard GE. Age-related changes in facial skin contours and rheology. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:220–2.
Age-related changes in facial skin contours and rheology
The study “Age-related changes in facial skin contours and rheology” by Henry, Pierard-Franchimont, Cauwenbergh, and Pierard, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society in 1997, investigates the changes in facial skin contours and its mechanical properties associated with aging. It aims to provide insights into the alterations in skin texture, elasticity, and overall appearance that occur over time, especially in relation to the aging process.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9063276/
Pierard GE, Letawe C, Dowlati A, PierardFranchimont C. Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:662–5.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin
The study “Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin” by Pierard, Letawe, Dowlati, and Pierard-Franchimont, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society in 1995, explores the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on menopausal women’s skin. It particularly focuses on how HRT influences the mechanical properties of the skin, such as elasticity and firmness.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7755934/
Sator PG, Schmidt JB, Sator MO, Huber JC, Honigsmann H. The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing: a pilot study. Maturitas 2001;39:43–55.
The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing
The study “The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing: a pilot study” by Sator PG, Schmidt JB, Sator MO, Huber JC, and Honigsmann H, published in Maturitas in 2001, examines the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on skin aging. This pilot study focuses on how HRT may influence various skin properties and conditions in menopausal women, providing insights into the potential benefits of HRT for skin health during menopause.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11451620/
Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Abe M, Endo Y, Ishikawa O, Kurabayashi M. Effects of aging, menopause and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:945–9.
Effects of aging, menopause and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in women
The study “Effects of aging, menopause and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in women” by Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Abe M, Endo Y, Ishikawa O, Kurabayashi M, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society in 2004, investigates how aging, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affect skin elasticity in women. It focuses on changes in forearm skin elasticity, providing insights into the complex interplay between hormonal changes and skin health in aging women
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15161453/
Youn CS, Kwon OS, Won CH, et al. Effect of pregnancy and menopause on facial wrinkling in women. Acta Derm Venereol 2003;83:419–24.
Effect of pregnancy and menopause on facial wrinkling in women
The study “Effect of pregnancy and menopause on facial wrinkling in women” by Youn CS, Kwon OS, Won CH, et al., published in Acta Dermato-Venereologica in 2003, investigates the impact of hormonal changes due to pregnancy and menopause on facial wrinkling in women. It aims to understand how these significant life stages affect skin aging, particularly in terms of wrinkle formation and severity
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14690336/
Pierard-Franchimont C, Cornil F, Dehavau J, Deleixhe-Mauhin F, Letot B, Pierard GE. Climacteric skin ageing of the face – a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1999;32:87–93.
Climacteric skin ageing of the face – a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy
The study “Climacteric skin ageing of the face – a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy” by Pierard-Franchimont, Cornil, Dehavau, Deleixhe-Mauhin, Letot, and Pierard, published in Maturitas in 1999, is a comprehensive examination of the effects of oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on facial skin aging in climacteric women. The study aims to provide insights into how HRT influences the aging process of facial skin.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10465376/
Haskell SG, Richardson ED, Horwitz RI. The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on cognitive function in women: a critical review of the literature. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1997; 50(11):1249-64.
The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on cognitive function in women: a critical review of the literature
The study “The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on cognitive function in women: a critical review of the literature” by Haskell, Richardson, and Horwitz, published in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology in 1997, critically reviews existing literature on the impact of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on women’s cognitive function. This review examines various research studies to assess the effectiveness and implications of ERT in relation to cognitive health in women.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9350577/
Hogervorst E, Yaffe K, Richards M, Huppert F. Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2002.
Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women
The Cochrane review “Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women” by Hogervorst, Yaffe, Richards, and Huppert, published in 2002, evaluates the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive function in postmenopausal women. This systematic review examines existing research to assess the efficacy of HRT in maintaining or improving cognitive abilities during postmenopause
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11869667/
Yaffe K, Sawaya G, Lieberburg I, Grady D. Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: Effects on cognitive function and dementia. JAMA. 1998;279:688–695.
Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: Effects on cognitive function and dementia
The study “Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: Effects on cognitive function and dementia” by Yaffe, Sawaya, Lieberburg, and Grady, published in JAMA in 1998, investigates the effects of estrogen therapy on cognitive function and the risk of dementia in postmenopausal women. This research is significant in understanding the potential cognitive benefits or risks associated with estrogen therapy during postmenopause.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9492972/
LeBlanc ES, Janowsky J, Chan BK, Nelson HD. Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2001;285:1489–1499.
Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis
The study “Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis” by LeBlanc, Janowsky, Chan, and Nelson, published in JAMA in 2001, is a comprehensive review and meta-analysis examining the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive function in postmenopausal women. It synthesizes data from various studies to assess whether HRT has a significant impact on cognitive health and dementia risk.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11255427/
Brett K, Chong Y. Hormone Replacement Therapy: Knowledge and Use in the United States. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics; 2001.
Hormone Replacement Therapy: Knowledge and Use in the United States. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics
The report “Hormone Replacement Therapy: Knowledge and Use in the United States” by Brett and Chong, published by the National Center for Health Statistics in 2001, provides a comprehensive analysis of the knowledge and usage of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the United States. It covers various aspects including the prevalence of HRT use among postmenopausal women, their awareness of HRT, and the patterns of its utilization. This report offers valuable insights into the trends and public perception of HRT at the time of its publication.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/index.htm
Miller BL, Cummings JL. The Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders. New York: Guilford Press; 1999. (trans.)
Functions and Disorders. New York: Guilford Press
The Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders” by Miller BL and Cummings JL, published by Guilford Press in 1999, is a comprehensive work exploring the various aspects of the frontal lobes of the brain. The book delves into the roles these lobes play in cognitive functions and behaviors, as well as the disorders associated with their dysfunction. This in-depth analysis is aimed at both researchers and practitioners in the field, providing valuable insights into the complexities of frontal lobe functions and pathologies.
Ramage A, Bayles K, Helm-Estabrooks N, Cruz R. Frequency of perseveration in normal subjects. Brain Lang. 1999;66:329–340.
Frequency of perseveration in normal subjects
The study “Frequency of perseveration in normal subjects” by Ramage, Bayles, Helm-Estabrooks, and Cruz, published in Brain and Language in 1999, investigates the occurrence of perseveration, a phenomenon where a particular response or word is repeated, in individuals without any cognitive impairments. This research aims to understand the frequency and characteristics of perseveration in normal, healthy subjects.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10082626/
Keenan PA, Ezzat WH, Ginsburg K, Moore GJ. Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001;26:577–590.
Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition
The study “Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition” by Keenan, Ezzat, Ginsburg, and Moore, published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2001, examines the role of the prefrontal cortex in mediating estrogen’s effects on cognitive functions. This research focuses on understanding how estrogen influences cognitive processes, particularly through its interaction with the prefrontal cortex.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11377416/
Joffe H, Hall JE, Gruber S, Sarmiento IA, Cohen LS, Yurgelun-Todd D, Martin KA. Estrogen therapy selectively enhances prefrontal cognitive processes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with functional magnetic resonance imaging in perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2006;13:411–422.
Estrogen therapy selectively enhances prefrontal cognitive processes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with functional magnetic resonance imaging in perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women
The study “Estrogen therapy selectively enhances prefrontal cognitive processes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with functional magnetic resonance imaging in perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women” by Joffe, Hall, Gruber, Sarmiento, Cohen, Yurgelun-Todd, and Martin, published in Menopause in 2006, examines how estrogen therapy affects cognitive processes in the prefrontal cortex of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the study provides insights into the specific cognitive enhancements attributed to estrogen therapy in this demographic.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16645536/
Wegesin DJ, Stern Y. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007;14:301–328.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction
The study “Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction” by Wegesin and Stern, published in Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition, Section B: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition in 2007, investigates the impacts of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and aging on cognitive functions, particularly executive functions. This research aims to understand how both HRT and the natural aging process might influence aspects of cognitive performance, including decision-making, problem-solving, and other executive skills.
For more detailed information, you can access https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17497562/
Albert MS, Kaplin E. Organic Implications of neuropsychological deficits in the elderly. In: Poon JLFLW, Cermak LS, Arenberg D, Thompson W, editors. New Directions in Memory and Aging: Proceedings of the George A. Talland Memorial Conference. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1980. pp. 403–432.
Organic Implications of neuropsychological deficits in the elderly
The chapter “Organic Implications of Neuropsychological Deficits in the Elderly” by Albert and Kaplin, featured in the book “New Directions in Memory and Aging: Proceedings of the George A. Talland Memorial Conference,” delves into the neuropsychological changes in the elderly, particularly focusing on organic factors that may contribute to cognitive deficits. This work, edited by Poon, Cermak, Arenberg, Thompson, and others, and published in 1980 by Erlbaum, offers insights into the aging brain, discussing the implications of these neuropsychological changes for understanding organic brain disorders in older adults.
For more details visit at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315774886-27/organic-implications-neuropsychological-deficits-elderly-marilyn-albert-edith-kaplan
Craik FIM, Jennings JM. Human Memory. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates; 1992. (trans.)
Human Memory
The book “Human Memory” by Craik and Jennings, published in 1992 by Erlbaum Associates, provides a comprehensive overview of the field of human memory. It explores various theories and models of memory, discussing how memory functions, its development over time, and factors influencing its effectiveness. The book is pivotal for understanding the complexities of memory processes and is a valuable resource for students and professionals in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
For more detailed study visit at: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1992-98157-002
Dempster FN. The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging. Dev Rev. 1992;12:45–75.
The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging
The article “The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging” by FN Dempster, published in Developmental Review in 1992, proposes a theory linking cognitive development and aging through changes in inhibitory mechanisms. It suggests that the development and decline of cognitive abilities across the lifespan can be understood through the lens of inhibitory processes in the brain.
For more detailed study visit at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/027322979290003K
Moscovitch MW, Winocur G. The neuropsychology of memory and aging. In: Craik TASFIM, editor. The Handbook of Aging and Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 1992. pp. 315–372.
The neuropsychology of memory and aging
The neuropsychology of memory and aging,” a chapter by Moscovitch and Winocur in “The Handbook of Aging and Cognition” edited by Craik, published in 1992 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., delves into the relationship between memory processes and aging. This comprehensive work examines how cognitive functions, particularly memory, are affected by the aging process, integrating neuropsychological perspectives to understand these changes.
For more detailed study visit at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Morris-Moscovitch/publication/232542235_The_neuropsychology_of_memory_and_aging/links/552c16120cf29b22c9c440a2/The-neuropsychology-of-memory-and-aging.pdf
Stuss DT, Craik FI, Sayer L, Franchi D, Alexander MP. Comparison of older people and patients with frontal lesions: evidence from world list learning. Psychol Aging. 1996;11:387–395.
Comparison of older people and patients with frontal lesions: evidence from world list learning
The study “Comparison of older people and patients with frontal lesions: evidence from world list learning” by Stuss, Craik, Sayer, Franchi, and Alexander, published in Psychology and Aging in 1996, investigates cognitive differences between older adults and individuals with frontal lobe lesions. It specifically examines their performance in word list learning tasks to explore how aging and frontal lobe impairments differentially affect memory and cognitive processes.
For more detailed information visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8895388/
West RL. An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychol Bull. 1996;120:272–292.
An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging
The article “An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging” by RL West, published in Psychological Bulletin in 1996, examines how theories of prefrontal cortex function can be applied to understand cognitive aging. It explores the relationship between aging and changes in the functions of the prefrontal cortex, which plays a crucial role in various cognitive processes
For more detailed information visit at https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-01404-006
Berman KF, Schmidt PJ, Rubinow DR, Danaceau MA, Van Horn JD, Esposito G, Ostrem JL, Weinberger DR. Modulation of cognition-specific cortical activity by gonadal steroids: a positron-emission tomography study in women. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:8836–8841.
Modulation of cognition-specific cortical activity by gonadal steroids
The study “Modulation of cognition-specific cortical activity by gonadal steroids: a positron-emission tomography study in women” by Berman et al., published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA in 1997, explores how gonadal steroids affect cognition-specific cortical activity in women. Using positron-emission tomography (PET), the study examines the influence of these steroids on brain function, contributing to the understanding of the neurobiological basis of cognitive differences in women.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8836
D’Esposito M, Postle BR, Ballard D, Lease J. Maintenance versus manipulation of information held in working memory: an event-related fMRI study. Brain Cogn. 1999;41:66–86.
Maintenance versus manipulation of information held in working memory
The study “Maintenance versus manipulation of information held in working memory: an event-related fMRI study” by D’Esposito, Postle, Ballard, and Lease, published in Brain and Cognition in 1999, investigates the neural mechanisms involved in maintaining and manipulating information in working memory. Utilizing event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the study differentiates between brain regions activated during these two distinct processes of working memory.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262699910965
Cabeza R, Nyberg L. Neural bases of learning and memory: functional neuroimaging evidence. Curr Opin Neurol. 2000;13:415–421.
Neural bases of learning and memory: functional neuroimaging evidence.
The study “Neural bases of learning and memory: functional neuroimaging evidence” by Cabeza and Nyberg, published in Current Opinion in Neurology in 2000, examines the neural underpinnings of learning and memory processes through functional neuroimaging. It focuses on understanding which areas of the brain are involved in different types of memory and learning tasks, contributing to the broader field of cognitive neuroscience.
For more detailed information visit at https://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/fulltext/2000/08000/neural_bases_of_learning_and_memory__functional.8.aspx
Manoach DS, Greve DN, Lindgren KA, Dale AM. Identifying regional activity associated with temporally separated components of working memory using event-related functional MRI. Neuroimage. 2003;20:1670–1684.
Identifying regional activity associated with temporally separated components of working memory using event-related functional MRI. Neuroimage
The study “Identifying regional activity associated with temporally separated components of working memory using event-related functional MRI” by Manoach, Greve, Lindgren, and Dale, published in NeuroImage in 2003, investigates the brain regions associated with different components of working memory over time. This is done using event-related functional MRI (fMRI) to provide insight into how the brain processes and segregates various elements of working memory tasks.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811903004993
Veltman DJ, Rombouts SA, Dolan RJ. Maintenance versus manipulation in verbal working memory revisited: an fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2003;18:247–256.
Maintenance versus manipulation in verbal working memory revisited: an fMRI study
The study “Maintenance versus manipulation in verbal working memory revisited: an fMRI study” by Veltman, Rombouts, and Dolan, published in NeuroImage in 2003, examines the brain regions involved in maintaining versus manipulating information in verbal working memory. This research employs functional MRI (fMRI) to distinguish between neural activity associated with different types of cognitive processes within verbal working memory.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902000496
Duff SJ, Hampson E. A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. Horm Behav. 2000;38:262–276.
A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy
The study “A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy” by Duff and Hampson, published in Hormones and Behavior in 2000, investigates the impact of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women. It focuses on the cognitive benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in enhancing working memory functions.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X00916258
Keenan PA, Ezzat WH, Ginsburg K, Moore GJ. Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001;26:577–590.
Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition
The study “Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition” by Keenan, Ezzat, Ginsburg, and Moore, published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2001, explores how estrogen affects cognitive functions, particularly focusing on the prefrontal cortex. This research investigates the relationship between estrogen levels and cognitive performance in various tasks, contributing to the understanding of hormonal influences on brain function.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453001000130
Grigorova M, Sherwin BB, Tulandi T. Effects of treatment with leuprolide acetate depot on working memory and executive functions in young premenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006;31:935–947.
Effects of treatment with leuprolide acetate depot on working memory and executive functions in young premenopausal women
The study “Effects of treatment with leuprolide acetate depot on working memory and executive functions in young premenopausal women” by Grigorova, Sherwin, and Tulandi, published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2006, investigates the cognitive effects of leuprolide acetate depot, a drug that alters hormone levels, on working memory and executive functions in premenopausal women. It aims to understand how hormonal changes can impact cognitive abilities in this population.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453006000904
Erickson KI, Colcombe SJ, Elavsky S, McAuley E, Korol DL, Scalf PE, Kramer AF. Interactive effects of fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women. Neurobiol Aging. 2007;28:179–185.
Interactive effects of fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women
The study “Interactive effects of fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women” by Erickson et al., published in Neurobiology of Aging in 2007, explores the combined impact of physical fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women. It specifically examines how these factors together influence cognitive function and overall brain health, highlighting the importance of both fitness and hormonal balance in cognitive health during postmenopause.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197458005004215
Wegesin DJ, Stern Y. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007;14:301–328.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition
The study “Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction” by Wegesin and Stern, published in Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition, Section B: Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition in 2007, examines the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and aging on cognitive functions, particularly executive functions. It aims to assess whether HRT and aging are associated with changes in executive cognitive abilities, such as planning, problem-solving, and attention.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13825580600802893
Erickson KI, Colcombe SJ, Elavsky S, McAuley E, Korol DL, Scalf PE, Kramer AF. Interactive effects of fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women. Neurobiol Aging. 2007;28:179–185.
Interactive effects of fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women
The study “Interactive effects of fitness and hormone treatment on brain health in postmenopausal women” by Erickson et al., published in Neurobiology of Aging in 2007, investigates how physical fitness and hormone treatment jointly impact brain health in postmenopausal women. It explores the combination of these factors in relation to cognitive function and overall brain health, emphasizing the importance of both fitness and hormonal balance for cognitive well-being during the postmenopausal period.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197458005004215
Wegesin DJ, Stern Y. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007;14:301–328.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition
The study “Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction” by Wegesin and Stern, published in 2007 in the journal Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition, Section B: Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, explores the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and aging on cognitive functions, especially focusing on executive functions. The study aims to assess the potential cognitive decline, particularly in executive abilities, related to both HRT and the natural aging process.
For a more detailed summary visit at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13825580600802893
Joffe H, Hall JE, Gruber S, Sarmiento IA, Cohen LS, Yurgelun-Todd D, Martin KA. Estrogen therapy selectively enhances prefrontal cognitive processes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with functional magnetic resonance imaging in perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2006;13:411–422.
Estrogen therapy selectively enhances prefrontal cognitive processes
The study “Estrogen therapy selectively enhances prefrontal cognitive processes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with functional magnetic resonance imaging in perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women” by Joffe et al., published in Menopause in 2006, investigates the specific effects of estrogen therapy on prefrontal cognitive processes in perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, it aims to determine how estrogen therapy impacts cognitive functions associated with the prefrontal cortex.
For a more detailed summary visit at https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Fulltext/2006/13030/Comparison_of_Pueraria_lobata_with_hormone.14.aspx
Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, Mencl WE, Constable RT, Naftolin F, Palter SF, Marchione KE, et al. Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks. JAMA. 1999;281:1197–1202.
Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks
The study “Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks” by Shaywitz et al., published in JAMA in 1999, examines the influence of estrogen on brain function in postmenopausal women. It focuses on how estrogen affects brain activation during working memory tasks, providing insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive functions in postmenopausal women under estrogen therapy.
For more detailed information visit at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/189221
Craig MC, Fletcher PC, Daly EM, Rymer J, Cutter WJ, Brammer M, Giampietro V, Wickham H, Maki PM, Murphy DG. Gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone agonists alter prefrontal function during verbal encoding in young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007;32:1116–1127.
Gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone agonists alter prefrontal function during verbal encoding in young women
The study “Gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone agonists alter prefrontal function during verbal encoding in young women” by Craig et al., published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2007, investigates the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on prefrontal cortex function during verbal tasks in young women. It aims to understand how these hormonal changes impact cognitive processes related to language.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453007002144
Craig MC, Fletcher PC, Daly EM, Rymer J, Brammer M, Giampietro V, Maki PM, Murphy DG. Reversibility of the effects of acute ovarian hormone suppression on verbal memory and prefrontal function in pre-menopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008a.
Reversibility of the effects of acute ovarian hormone suppression on verbal memory and prefrontal function in pre-menopausal women
The study “Reversibility of the effects of acute ovarian hormone suppression on verbal memory and prefrontal function in pre-menopausal women” by Craig et al., published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2008, explores the impact and reversibility of acute ovarian hormone suppression on cognitive functions, specifically verbal memory and prefrontal cortex activity, in pre-menopausal women. This research contributes to understanding the dynamic relationship between hormonal changes and cognitive abilities in women
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453008001881
Craig MC, Fletcher PC, Daly EM, Rymer J, Brammer M, Giampietro V, Stahl D, Maki PM, Murphy DG. The interactive effect of the cholinergic system and acute ovarian suppression on the brain: An fMRI study. Horm Behav. 2008b.
The interactive effect of the cholinergic system and acute ovarian suppression on the brain
The study “The interactive effect of the cholinergic system and acute ovarian suppression on the brain: An fMRI study” by Craig et al., published in Hormones and Behavior in 2008, examines how the cholinergic system interacts with acute ovarian hormone suppression to affect brain function. It utilizes functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate these interactions in the brain, contributing to the understanding of hormonal and neurochemical influences on cognitive processes.
The interactive effect of the cholinergic system and acute ovarian suppression on the brain: An fMRI study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X0800247X
Grigorova M, Sherwin BB. No differences in performance on test of working memory and executive functioning between healthy elderly postmenopausal women using or not using hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2006;9:181–194.
No differences in performance on test of working memory and executive functioning between healthy elderly postmenopausal women using or not using hormone therapy
The study “No differences in performance on tests of working memory and executive functioning between healthy elderly postmenopausal women using or not using hormone therapy” by Grigorova and Sherwin, published in Climacteric in 2006, investigates the effects of hormone therapy on cognitive functions in postmenopausal women. It specifically looks at whether hormone therapy impacts working memory and executive functioning. The study concludes that there are no significant differences in these cognitive functions between postmenopausal women who use hormone therapy and those who do not.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13697130600727107
Duff SJ, Hampson E. A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. Horm Behav. 2000;38:262–276.
A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy
The study “A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy” by Duff and Hampson, published in Hormones and Behavior in 2000, investigates the impact of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women. It focuses on the cognitive benefits of hormone replacement therapy, particularly in enhancing working memory functions among this group.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X00916258
Wegesin DJ, Stern Y. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2007;14:301–328.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition
The study “Effects of hormone replacement therapy and aging on cognition: evidence for executive dysfunction” by Wegesin and Stern, published in Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition, Section B: Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition in 2007, examines the impacts of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and aging on cognitive functions, particularly focusing on executive functions. It aims to assess the potential cognitive decline, especially in executive abilities, related to both HRT and the natural aging process.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13825580600802893
Maki PM. Estrogen effects on the hippocampus and frontal lobes. Int. J. Fertil. Womens Med. 50, 67–71 (2005).
Estrogen effects on the hippocampus and frontal lobes
The article “Estrogen effects on the hippocampus and frontal lobes” by Maki, published in the International Journal of Fertility and Women’s Medicine in 2005, examines the role of estrogen in the functioning of the hippocampus and frontal lobes. The study aims to understand the specific effects of estrogen on these critical brain regions, which are important for memory and executive functions.
For more detailed study visit at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16334413/
Duff SJ, Hampson E. A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in ostmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. Horm. Behav. 38, 262–276 (2000).
A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in ostmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy
The study “A beneficial effect of estrogen on working memory in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy” by Duff and Hampson, published in Hormones and Behavior in 2000, investigates the positive impacts of estrogen on working memory among postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It specifically examines how estrogen supplementation as part of HRT influences cognitive performance, focusing on memory-related tasks.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X00916258
Keenan PA, Ezzat WH, Ginsburg K, Moore GJ. Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 26, 577–590 (2001).
Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition
The study “Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen’s effect on cognition” by Keenan, Ezzat, Ginsburg, and Moore, published in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2001, investigates the impact of estrogen on cognitive functions, with a focus on the prefrontal cortex. The study explores the relationship between estrogen levels and cognitive performance, particularly in tasks involving the prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for higher-order cognitive processes.
For more detailed study visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453001000130
Petrides M, Alivisatos B, Meyer E. Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks. Proc. Natl Acad. Aci. USA 90, 878–882 (1993).
Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks
The study “Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks” by Petrides, Alivisatos, and Meyer, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA in 1993, investigates how the human frontal cortex is functionally activated during verbal working memory tasks. This study contributes to the understanding of the neural basis of working memory, particularly focusing on the role of the frontal cortex in cognitive processing during language-related tasks.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.90.3.878
Badre D, Wagner AD. Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory. Neuropsychologia 45(13), 2883–2901 (2007).
Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory
The study “Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory” by Badre and Wagner, published in Neuropsychologia in 2007, investigates the role of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory control. It focuses on how this brain region contributes to the cognitive control of memory, particularly in the context of memory retrieval and processing.
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393207002217
Grady CL, Craik FIM. Changes in memory processing with age. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 224–231 (2000).
Changes in memory processing with age.
The reference you provided, “Grady CL, Craik FIM. Changes in memory processing with age. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 224–231 (2000),” is a scholarly article discussing how memory processing changes with age. This article, published in the journal “Current Opinion in Neurobiology” in the year 2000, is authored by C.L. Grady and F.I.M. Craik.
The paper delves into various aspects of cognitive neuroscience, focusing on how aging affects memory processes. This could include discussions on topics such as the neurological changes that occur in the brain with age, how these changes impact different types of memory (like short-term, long-term, episodic, and procedural memory), and the overall effect of aging on cognitive function
For more detailed information visit at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438800000738
Jakob RL, Goldman-Rakic PS. 5-hydroxytryptamine 2a serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: possible site of action of hallucinogenic and antipsychotic drugs in pyramidal cell apical dendrites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 735–740 (1998).
5-hydroxytryptamine 2a serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: possible site of action of hallucinogenic and antipsychotic drugs in pyramidal cell apical dendrites
The reference you’ve provided, “Jakob RL, Goldman-Rakic PS. 5-hydroxytryptamine 2a serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: possible site of action of hallucinogenic and antipsychotic drugs in pyramidal cell apical dendrites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 735–740 (1998),” is an academic paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) in 1998. This study, authored by RL Jakob and PS Goldman-Rakic, appears to focus on the role of 5-HT2A serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex
For more detailed information visit at https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.95.2.735
Gotham AM, Brown RG, Marsden CP. ‘Frontal’ cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease ‘on’ and ‘off’ levodopa. Brain 111, 299–321 (1988).
‘Frontal’ cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease ‘on’ and ‘off’ levodopa
The reference you’ve mentioned, “Gotham AM, Brown RG, Marsden CP. ‘Frontal’ cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease ‘on’ and ‘off’ levodopa. Brain 111, 299–321 (1988),” is a research paper from the journal “Brain” published in 1988. Authored by A.M. Gotham, R.G. Brown, and C.D. Marsden, this study investigates the cognitive functions associated with the frontal lobes of the brain in patients with Parkinson’s disease, particularly in